Cerrahi hastalarda malnutrisyon sıklığı ve morbidite ile mortalite üzerine olan etkileri

Yıl 2018, , 35 - 39, 12.03.2018

Yılmaz Güler , Mustafa Tireli

https://doi.org/10.30565/medalanya.384981

Cited By: 3

Öz

Amaç: Genel
cerrahi servisine yatırılan benign ve malign hastalığı olan hastalardaki
malnutrisyon sıklığını saptamak, malnutrisyonun tanınmasında kullanılan
yöntemleri değerlendirmek ve malnutrisyonun postoperatif komplikasyon
gelişimindeki rolünü incelemektir.

Hastalar
ve Yöntem: Şubat 2004 – Mayıs 2005 tarihleri arasında Genel Cerrahi
kliniği’nde opere edilen 723 hastada, beş ayrı yöntemle (nutrisyonel risk
indeksi, subjektif global değerlendirme, kilo kaybı oranı, serum albümin
düzeyi, vücut kitle indeksi ) malnutrisyon sıklığı araştırıldı. Medikal tedavi
alan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmedi. Hastalar uygulanan nutrisyonel destek,
komplikasyon ve mortalite yönünden takip edildi.

Bulgular: Toplam
malnutrisyon oranı %30.5, ağır malnutrisyon oranı %8.9 olarak tespit edildi.
Benign hastalığı olanlarda %25.8, malign hastalığı olanlarda ise %53.3
malnutrisyon saptandı. Toplam ve hafif malnutrisyonu tespit etmede en yüksek
sıklık, Nutrisyonel Risk İndeksi ile elde edildi. Ağır malnutrisyonu tanımada
yöntemler arasında fark saptanmadı. Malnutrisyonu olmayan hastalarda
%10.9,  malnutrisyonu olan hastalarda ise
%28.6 oranında komplikasyon gelişti.

Sonuç:
Malnutrisyon, cerrahi hastalarda sık karşılaşılan, komplikasyon ve mortalite
riskini önemli derecede arttıran klinik problemlerden birisidir. Preoperatif
dönemde malnutrisyonun tespit edilerek, ihtiyaç gösteren hastalara nutrisyonel
desteğin uygulanması halinde, komplikasyon sıklığı önemli derecede
azaltılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Malnutrisyon, Cerrahi, Morbidite, Mortalite

Malnutrition frequency in surgical patients and its effect on morbidity and mortality

Öz

Aim: To
determine the frequency of malnutrition in patients with benign and malignant
disease admitted to the general surgery service, evaluate the methods used in
recognition of malnutrition and to investigate the role of malnutrition in the
development of postoperative complications.

Patients and Method: Between February 2004 and May 2005, in 723 patients,
who were operated in General Surgery Department, frequency of malnutrition was
detected five different methods (Nutrition Risk Index, Subjective Global Assessment,
rate of weight loss, serum albumin level, Body Mass Index). Medically treated patients
were excluded. Patients were followed for nutritional support, complication and
mortality.

Results:
In 723 patients, total malnutrition rate was detected 30.5% and severe
malnutrition rate was 8.9%. Patients with benign diseases, had a malnutrition
rate of 25.8% despite patients with malign diseases, had a rate of 53.3%. We
got highest frequencies r to determinate total and mild malnutrition with
Nutritional Risk Index. For severe malnutrition, there was no differences
between the methods. Complication rates were 10.9% for not malnourished
patients and 28.6% for malnourished patients.

Conclusion: Malnutrition is a common clinical problem in surgical
patients that increases complication and mortality risks. Preoperatively
detection of malnutrition and giving nutritional support to malnourished
patients, may decrease complication rates.

Anahtar Kelimeler

malnutrition, morbidity, mortality, surgery

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