Kronik Psikiyatrik Bozukluğu olan Ebeveynlerin Çocuklarının Psikopatolojilerinin Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2021, , 81 - 86, 23.04.2021

Fatma Yıldırım , Fevziye Toros , Derya Karpuz

https://doi.org/10.30565/medalanya.733938

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmada ebeveynlerinde şizofreni veya bipolar I bozukluk (BIB) tanısı bulunan çocuklar, ebeveynlerinde herhangi bir ruhsal bozukluk bulunmayan çocuklar ile ve birbirleri ile psikopatoloji varlığı ve türleri açısından karşılaştırıldı.

Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 6-17 yaş aralığında, ebeveyni şizofreni tanılı 11 çocuk, ebeveyniBIB tanılı 36 çocuk ve kontrol grubu olarak ebeveyninde herhangi bir ruhsal bozukluğu olmayan 47 çocuk dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmaya alınan tüm çocuk ve ergenlere çocuklar için durumluk-sürekli kaygı envanteri (ÇDSKE) doldurtulmuştur, ebev-eynlerine de sosyodemografik veri formu, conners ana baba derecelendirme ölçeği kısa formu, (CADÖ-KF) çocuk ve ergenlerde davranım bozuklukları için DSM IV e dayalı tarama ve değerlendirme ölçeği (T-DSM-IV), çocuk uyku alışkanlıkları anketi kısa formu (ÇUAA) doldurtulmuştur.

Bulgular: Değerlendirmeler sonucunda, Karşıt olma karşıt gelme bozukluğu (KOKGB) belirtileri; BIB tanılı ebeveyne sahip çocuklarda (BIB-ç) hem şizofreni tanılı ebeveyne sahip çocuk (ŞZ-ç) grubuna göre hem de kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,08). Öğrenme sorunu ise ŞZ-ç grubunda hem (BIB-ç) grubuna hem de kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,025). Durumluk kaygı ŞZ-ç grubunda kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,020). Davranım bozukluğu (DB), dikkat eksikliği (DE), hiperaktivite, psikosomatik yakınma, uyku bozukluğu ve sürekli kaygı açısından gruplar arası farklılık belirlenememiştir (sırasıyla; p=0,112, p=0,590, p=0,098, p= 0,776, p=0,741, p=0, 924) .

Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonuçları, BIB-ç grubunda KOKGB belirtilerinin daha sık olabileceğini, ŞZ-ç grubunda öğrenme sorununun daha sık olabileceğini düşündürtmüştür. Bipolar I Bozukluk tanılı ebeveynlerin çocuklarında KOKGB açısından, şizofreni tanılı ebeveynlerin çocuklarında ise öğrenme sorunu açısından dikkatli olunmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

şizofreni, bipolar bozukluk, çocuk, ebeveynler, psikopatoloji

Comparison of psychopathologies of children of Parents with Chronic Psychiatric Disease

Öz

Aim: In this study, children whose parents were diagnosed with schizophrenia and
bipolar I disorder (BID), were compared with each other, and compared with those
who did not have any mental disorders in their parents in terms of presence and types
of psychopathology.

Methods: This study was carried out on a group of children aged 6 to 17 years. The
parents of 11 children were diagnosed with schizophrenia, the parents of 36 children
were diagnosed with bipolar disorder and 47 children whose parents did not have any
mental disorders, were included in the control group. All children and adolescents
filled in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-CH); the parents completed
a socio-demographic data form, Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Short form (CPRSSF),
DSM IV-based Screening and Assessment Scale for Behavioural Disorders in
Children and Adolescents (T-DSM-IV) and Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire
(CSHQ)-Abbreviated Form.

Results: As a result of the assessments, Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms
were found to be higher in children who had parents diagnosed with the BID
(BID-c) when compared with both children who had parents diagnosed with schizophrenia
(SZ-c) and the control group (p=0,08). Learning problems were found to be
higher in the SZ-c group when compared with both the (BID-c) and the control group
(p=0,08). State anxiety was found to be higher in the SZ-c group when compared with
the control group (p=0,020). No difference was found between the groups in terms of
conduct disorder (CD), attention deficit (AD), hyperactivity, psychosomatic complaint,
sleep disorder and trait anxiety (respectively; p=0,112, p=0,590, p=0,098, p= 0,776,
p=0,741, p=0, 924).

Conclusion: The results of the study suggested that the symptoms of ODD may be
more common in the BID-c group, and the learning problem might be more common
in the SZ-c group. Care should be taken in terms of ODD in children of parents diagnosed
with bipolar I disorder, and in terms of learning problems in children of parents
diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Key Words: Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, child, parents, psychopathology

Anahtar Kelimeler

Schizophrenia,, bipolar disorder,, child,, parent,, psycohopathology,

Kaynakça

• 1. Gottesman II, Laursen TM, Bertelsen A, Mortensen PB. Severe mental disorders in offspring with 2 psychiatrically ill parents. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67(3):252-257. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.1
• 2. Rasic D, Hajek T, Alda M and Uher R. Risk of mental illness in off- spring of parents with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depres- sive disorder: a meta-analysis of family high-risk studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2014;40:28-38. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbt114
• 3. De la Serna E, Ilzarbe D, Sugranyes G, Baeza I, Moreno D, Rodríguez-Toscano E, et. al. Lifetime psychopathology in child and adolescent offspring of parents diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: a 2-year follow-up study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 202;30(1): 117-129. doi: 10.1007/s00787-020-01500-z
• 4. Goyette CH, Conners CK, Ulrich RF. Normative data on revised Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scales. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1978;6(2):221-236. doi: 10.1007/BF00919127.
• 5. Dereboy C, Senol S, Sener S, Dereboy F. Validation of the Turkish Versions of the Short-Form Conners Teacher and Parent Rating Scales. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2007;18(1):48-58. PMID:17364268
• 6. Ercan ES, Amado S, Somer O, Cikoglu S. Development of a test battery for the assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [in Turkish].. Turkish J Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2001;8:132-144.
• 7. Owens JA, Spirito A, McGuinn M. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ): psychometric properties of a survey instrument for school-aged children. Sleep. 2000;23(8):. 1043-1051. PMID: 11145319
• 8. Fis NP, Arman A, Ay P, Topuzoglu A, Guler AS, Gokce Imren S. The validity and the reliability of Turkish Version of Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Anatolian J. Psychiatry. 2010;11:151-160.
• 9. Ozusta HS. Cocuklar icin Durumluk-Surekli Kaygı Envanteri uyarlama, gecerlik ve guvenirlik calısmasi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 1995;10(34):32-44.
• 10. Spielberger CD. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press. 1973.
• 11. Dean K, Stevens H, Mortensen PB, Murray RM, Walsh E, Pedersen CB. Full spectrum of psychiatric outcomes among offspring with parental history of mental disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67(8): 822-829. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.86
• 12. Burke JD, Hipwell AE, Loeber R. Dimensions of Oppositional Defiant Disorder as Predictors of Depression and Conduct Disorder in Preadolescent Girls. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010;49(5): 484-492. doi: 10.1097/00004583-201005000-00009
• 13. Stringaris A, Goodman R. Three dimensions of oppositionality in youth. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2009;50(3):216-223. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01989.x
• 14. Sandstrom A, Mackenzie L, Pizzo A, Fine A, Rempel S, Howard C et al. Observed psychopathology in offspring of parents with major depressive disorder , bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Psychol Med. 2020;50(6):1050-6. doi: 10.1017/S0033291719001089. 15. Akdemir D, Gokler B. Psychopathology in the children of parents with bipolar mood disorder.Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2008;19(2)133-40. PMID:18561045
• 16. Rasic D, Hajek T, Alda M, Uher R. Risk of mental illness in offspring of parents with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of family high-risk studies. Schizophr Bull. 2014;40(1):28-38. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbt114
• 17. Sánchez-Gutiérrez T, Rodríguez-Toscano E, Llorente C, de la Serna E, Moreno C, Sugranyes G, et. al. Neuropsychological, clinical and environmental predictors of severe mental disorders in offspring of patients with schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2020;270(6):739-748. doi: 10.1007/s00406-019-01044-7.
• 18. Bora E. A comparative meta-analysis of neurocognition in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Eur Psychiatry. 2017;45:121-128. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.06.003.
• 19. Sugranyes G, de la Serna E, Borras R, Sanchez-Gistau V, Pariente JC, Romero S, et. al. Clinical, cognitive and neuroimaging evidence of a neurodevelopmental continuum in offspring of probands with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Bull. 2017;43(6):1208-1219. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbx002
• 20. Duffy A, Malhi GS, Grof P. Do the trajectories of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia follow a universal staging model? Can J Psychiatry. 2017;62(2):115-122. doi: 10.1177/0706743716649189
• 21. Ayano G, Betts K, Maravilla JC, Alati R. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Risk of Disruptive Behavioral Disorders in the Offspring of Parents with Severe Psychiatric Disorders. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2021;52(1):77-95 doi: 10.1007/s10578-020-00989-4.
• 22. Cheng CM, Chang WH, Chen MH, Tsai CF, Su TP, Li CT, et.al. Co-aggregation of major psychiatric disorders in individuals with first-degree relatives with schizophrenia: a nationwide population-based study. Mol Psychiatry. 2018;23(8):1756-1763. doi: 10.1038/mp.2017.217.
• 23. Goetz M, Sebela A, Mohaplova M, Ceresnakova S, Ptacek R, Novak T. Psychiatric Disorders and Quality of Life in the Offspring of Parents with Bipolar Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2017;27(6): 483-493. doi: 10.1089/cap.2016.0056.
• 24. Egeland JA, Endicott J, Hostetter AM, Allen CR, Pauls DL, Shaw JA. A 16-year prospective study of prodromal features prior to BPI onset in well Amish children. J Affect Disord. 2012;142:186–92. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.04.023
• 25. Hameed MA, Lewis AJ. Offspring of Parents with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of Developmental Features Across Childhood. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2016;24(2):104-17. doi: 10.1097/HRP.0000000000000076.