COVID-19: Güncel Kısa Bir Derleme

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 197 - 202, 12.07.2020

Şakir Keşkek Haluk Erdoğan

https://doi.org/10.30565/medalanya.747238

Cited By: 5

Öz

Koronovirüs enfeksiyonu artan prevalansı, ciddi komplikasyonları ve mortalitesi nedeniyle önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline gelmiştir. Son 15 yıl içinde bundan önceki patojenik ölümcül koronavirüsler ciddi akut solunum sendromu koronavirüs (SARS-CoV) ve Orta Doğu solunum sendromu koronavirüs (MERS-CoV) enfeksiyonlarıydı. Bugün yeni bir koronavirüsün (SARS-COV-2) neden olduğu mevcut salgın 2019 yılının koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19) olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Hastalık soğuk algınlığına benzeyen üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarından bronşit, pnömoni ve hatta SARS enfeksiyonlarına kadar değişik derecelerde hastalığa neden olabilir. Damlacıklar veya doğrudan temas yoluyla insandan insana bulaşarak yayılabilir. Ayrıca kontamine olmuş cisimler veya çevre ile de bulaşabilir. Mevcut salgını kontrol etmek için; COVID-19'un kişiden kişiye bulaşmasını azaltmak önemli ve bunun için kapsamlı önlemler gerekmektedir. Hastalığın kesin tedavisi bilinmemektedir ancak aşılar ve tedavi ile ilgili çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Bu derlemede COVID-19 ile ilgili kısa bir bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, SARS-COV-2, Pandemi,

COVID-19: A Current Brief Review

Öz

Coronavirus infection has become an important public health concern because of its increasing prevalence, serious complications and mortality. The previous pathogenic coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) were mortal virus infections in past 15 years. Today the current epidemic caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) is called coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). The virus causes different illness, from upper respiratory tract infections like the common cold, to lower respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis, pneumonia, and SARS. The coronavirus can be transmitted through small infected droplets from a person with COVID-19 during coughs or exhales. Additionally, it can also be transmitted from contaminated environment or objects. A number of precautions to prevent transmission of COVID-19 have been applied to stop the current outbreak. There is no certain treatment of the disease but the studies on vaccines and treatment continue. In this review, we aimed to give a brief information about COVID-19.   

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19,, SARS-Cov-2,, Pandemia,

Kaynakça

• 1. Tyrrell DA, Fielder M. Cold Wars: The Fight Against the Common Cold. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-263285-2. ; 2002. p. 96. 
• 2. Almeida JD, Berry DM, Cunningham CH, Hamre D, Hofstad MS, Mallucci L et al. "Virology: Coronaviruses". Nature. 1968; 220 (5168): 650. doi:10.1038/220650b0
• 3. Groot RJ, Baker SC, Baric R, Enjuanes L, Gorbalenya AE, Holmes KV et al. "FamilyCoronaviridae". In King AM, Lefkowitz E, Adams MJ, Carstens EB, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, International Union of Microbiological Societies. Virology Division (eds.). Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Oxford: Elsevier, 2011. pp. 806–28. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-384684-6.00068-9.
• 4. Lai Chih-Cheng, Shih Tzu- Ping, Ko Wen-Chien, tang Hung-Jen, Hsueh Po-Ren. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimrob Agents. 2020; 55(3): 105924. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924
• 5. Phan T. Novel coronavirus:From Discovery to Clinical Diagnostics. Infect Genet Evol. 2020;79:1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104211.
• 6. Hasöksüz M, Kılıç S, Saraç F. Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2. Turk J Med Sci. 2020; 50: 549-56.
• 7. Kochi AN, Tagliari AP, Forleo GB, Fassini GM, Tondo C. Cardiac and arrhythmic complications in patients with COVID-19. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2020; 31(5): 1003‐1008. doi:10.1111/jce.14479
• 8. Xu L, Liu J, Lu M, Yang D, Zheng X. "Liver injury during highly pathogenic human coronavirus infections". Liver International. 2020; 40 (5): 998–1004. doi:10.1111/liv.14435
• 9. Carod-Artal FJ. Neurological complications of coronavirus and COVID-19. Complicaciones neurológicas por coronavirus y COVID-19. Rev Neurol. 2020; 70(9):311‐22. doi:10.33588/rn.7009.2020179
• 10. World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus. Geneva: WHO; 2020 [Accessed 08 June 2020]. Available from: https://www. who.int/health-topics/coronavirus
• 11. Zhu Na, Zhang Dingyu, Wang Wenling, Li Xingwang, Yang Bo, Song Jingdong et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Eng J Med. 2020; 382(8):727-33. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
• 12. Rothan Hussin A, Byrareddy Siddappa N. The Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak. J.Autoimmun. 2020 Feb 26. [Epub ahead of print] doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433
• 13. Coronavirus Update (Live):https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus. Access date: 25.05.2020.
• 14. Adams ML, Katz DL, Grandpre J. Population-Based Estimates of Chronic Conditions Affecting Risk for Complications from Coronavirus Disease, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020; 26(8): 10.3201/eid2608.200679. doi:10.3201/eid2608.200679
• 15. Wenham C, Smith J, Morgan R. Gender and COVID-19 Working Group. COVID-19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak. Lancet. 2020; 395(10227): 846‐48. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30526-2
• 16. Woo PC, Huang Y, Lau SK, Yuen KY. "Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis". Viruses.2010; 2 (8): 1804–20. doi:10.3390/v2081803.
• 17. Liu Jia, Zheng Xin, Tong Qiaoxia Tong, Li Wie, Wang Baoju, Sutter Kathrin et al. Overlapping and discrete aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of the emerging human pathogenic coronaviruses SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and 2019‐nCoV. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(5):491-4. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25709.
• 18. Malik YA. Properties of Coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2. Malays J Pathol. 2020; 42(1): 3‐11. PMID: 32342926
• 19. Yixuan W, Yuyi W, Yan C, Qingsong Q. Unique Epidemiological and Clinical Features of the Emerging 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID‐19) implicate special control measures. J Med Virol. 2020. 2020 Mar 5. [Epub ahead of print] doi: 10.1002/jmv.25748
• 20. Yan-Rong G, Qing-Dong C, Zhong-Si H, Yuan-Yang T, Shou-Deng C, Hong-Jun J et al. The Origin, Transmission and Clinical Therapies on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak – an Update on the Status.Mil Med Res. 2020; 7(1): 11. doi: 10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0
• 21. "Interim Clinical Guidance for Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Acces Date: 6 April 2020.
• 22. Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (PDF) (Report). World Health Organization (WHO). Date: 16–24 February 2020.
• 23. Lai CC, Liu YH, Wang CY, Wang YH ,  Hsueh MY SC ,  Yen MY  et al. Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 4]. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020; doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.012
• 24. Goh KJ, Choong MC, Cheong EH, Kalimuddin S, Wen SD, Phual GC et al. Rapid Progression to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Review of Current Understanding of Critical Illness from COVID-19 Infection. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2020; 49(3):108‐118. PMID: 32200400
• 25. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L , Zhao J , Hu Y et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China [published correction appears in Lancet. 2020 Jan 30;]. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223):497‐506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
• 26. Fu F, Lou J, Xi D, Bai Y, Ma G, Zhao B. Chest computed tomography findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Eur Radiol. 2020;1-10. doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06920-8.
• 27. Li G, De Clercq E. "Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery.2020; 19 (3): 149–150. doi:10.1038/d41573-020-00016-0
• 28. Sun D. Remdesivir for Treatment of COVID-19: Combination of Pulmonary and IV Administration May Offer Aditional Benefit. AAPS J. 2020; 22(4):77. Published 2020 May 26. doi:10.1208/s12248-020-00459-8
• 29. Dong L, Hu S, Gao J. Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Drug Discov Ther. 2020; 14(1), 58-60. doi: 10.5582/ddt.2020.01012
• 30. Vincent MJ, Bergeron E, Benjannet S, Erickson BR, Rollin PE, Ksiazeket TG et al. Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread. Virol J. 2005; 2:69. Published 2005 Aug 22. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-2-69
• 31. Zhang Q, Wang Y, Qi C, Shen L, Li J. Clinical trial analysis of 2019-nCoV therapy registered in China [published online ahead of print, 2020 Feb 28]. J Med Virol. 2020;10.1002/jmv.25733. doi:10.1002/jmv.25733
• 32. Dhama K, Sharun K, Tiwari R, Dadar M, Malik YS, Singh KP et al. COVID-19, an emerging coronavirus infection: advances and prospects in designing and developing vaccines, immunotherapeutics, and therapeutics [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 18]. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020;1‐7. doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1735227
• 33. Lu H. Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Biosci Trends. 2020;14(1):69‐71. doi:10.5582/bst.2020.01020
• 34. Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu J, Xu M et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res. 2020; 30:269–71. doi: 10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0
• 35. Casadevall A, Pirofski LA. The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19. J Clin Invest. 2020;130(4):1545‐1548. doi:10.1172/JCI138003
• 36. Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Access date: 21 March 2020
• 37. Onder G, Rezza G, Brusaferro S. Case-Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID-19 in Italy [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 23]. JAMA. 2020;10.1001/jama.2020.4683. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4683
• 38. Vardavas CI, Nikitara K. COVID-19 and smoking: A systematic review of the evidence. Tob Induc Dis. 2020;18:20. Published 2020 Mar 20. doi:10.18332/tid/119324
• 39. Beyazadam D, Alimoglu O. Healthcare Workers Are Losing Their Lives in the Battle of Covid-19 All Over the Globe. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi.2020; 25(1):183-184.
• 40. Türkiye Cumhuruiyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı COVID 19 Rehberi (14.04.2020) Access:https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/COVID-19_Rehberi.pdf?type=file
• 41. Lee Andrew. Wuhan novel coronavirus (COVID-19): why global control is challenging? Public Health.2020;179:A1-A2 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.02.001.
• 42. Demirbilek Y, Pehlivantürk G, Özgüler ZO, Meşe EA. COVID-19 outbreak control, example of ministry of health of Turkey. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50: 489-94