Evaluation of Exposure and Awareness of Radiation in Healthcare Professionals Exposed to Ionizing Radiation

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 285 - 290, 29.10.2020

Murat Uçar , Ali Akkoç , Murat Topcuoğlu , Sefa Alperen Öztürk , Murat Demir

https://doi.org/10.30565/medalanya.804454

Öz

Aim: To evaluate radiation exposure and awareness of radiation in healthcare professionals exposed to ionizing radiation.

Material and Methods: The study was carried out in Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Training and Research Hospital and Süleyman Demirel University Hospital. Physicians, nurses, paramedics, anesthesia technicians, caregivers and cleaning staff exposed to radiation participated in the study. An inquiry form was prepared to carry out the study. In this form, the demographic characteristics of the healthcare professionals, the characteristics related to the radiation they were exposed to, the effects that may occur due to this exposure were asked and the relationship between them was statistically analyzed according to the answers.

Results: One hundred twenty nine healthcare professionals, 81 men and 48 women, participated in the study. Most of the healthcare professionals exposed to radiation have been working for more than 10 years and at a distance of less than 3 meters to the radiation source. Thirty-two (24.8%) of the participants does not use any personal protective equipment. On the day of exposure to radiation, 91 (70.54%) people were feeling a complaint such as weakness, fatigue, and headache, unlike other days. It was determined that personal protective equipment use was not related to education level and radiation education background.

Conclusion: Most of the healthcare professionals exposed to radiation have not received any education on radiation previously and do not use personal protective equipment regularly now. This situation causes the person to have complaints such as weakness, tiredness or headache at the end of the day. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Radiation, Ionizing radiation, Questionnaire, X-ray, Computed tomography

İyonlaştırıcı Radyasyona Maruz Kalan Sağlık Çalışanlarında Radyasyon Maruziyeti ve Farkındalığının Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: İyonize radyasyona maruz kalan sağlık çalışanlarında radyasyon maruziyeti ve farkındalığını değerlendirmek.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi ve Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hastanesi’nde gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmaya radyasyona maruz kalan hekimler, hemşireler, sağlık memurları, anestezi teknisyenleri, hasta bakıcıları ve temizlik personelleri katıldı. Çalışmayı gerçekleştirmek için bir sorgulama formu hazırlandı. Bu formda çalışanların demografik özellikleri, maruz kaldığı radyasyon ile ilgili özellikler, bu maruziyete bağlı oluşabilecek etkiler soruldu ve cevaplara göre aralarında ilişki olup olmadığı istatistiksel olarak incelendi. 

Bulgular: Çalışmaya 81 erkek, 48 kadın olmak üzere 129 sağlık çalışanı katıldı. Radyasyona maruz kalan sağlık çalışanlarının çoğu 10 yıldan daha uzun süredir ve radyasyon kaynağına 3 metreden daha yakın mesafede çalışmaktaymış. Çalışmaya katılanlardan 32 (%24,8) si hiçbir kişisel koruyucu donanım (KKD) kullanmıyordu. Radyasyona maruz kalındığı gün 91 kişi diğer günlerden farklı olarak halsizlik, yorgunluk, baş ağrısı gibi bir şikayet hissediyormuş. KKD kullanımının öğrenim düzeyi ve radyasyon eğitimi almakla ilişkisi olmadığı saptandı.

Sonuç: Radyasyona maruz kalan sağlık çalışanlarının çoğu radyasyon ile ilgili daha önce bir eğitim almamış ve KKD’leri düzenli kullanmamaktadır. Bu durum kişinin gün sonunda halsizlik, yorgunluk ya da baş ağrısı gibi şikayetleri olmasına neden olmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Radyasyon, İyonize radyasyon, Sorgulama formu, X-ışını, Bilgisayarlı tomografi

Kaynakça

• 1. Konya MN, Kaya ÖA. Femur kırıklarının intrameduller çivi ile tedavisinde radyasyon maruziyeti azaltılabilir mi? Acta Medica Alanya.1(1):20-3. https://doi.org/10.30565/medalanya.278034
• 2. Klein LW, Miller DL, Balter S, Laskey W, Naito N, Haines D, et al. Occupational health hazards in the interventional laboratory: Time for a safer environment. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 2018. doi: 10.1002/ccd.21772.
• 3. Rogers AJ, Brodt CR. Minimizing Radiation in the Modern Electrophysiology Laboratory. The Journal of innovations in cardiac rhythm management. 2018;9(8):3265-70. Epub 2018/08/15. doi: 10.19102/icrm.2018.090805.
• 4. Tetteh E, Sarker P, Radley C, Hallbeck MS, Mirka GA. Effect of surgical radiation personal protective equipment on EMG-based measures of back and shoulder muscle fatigue: A laboratory study of novices. Applied ergonomics. 2020;84:103029. Epub 2020/01/28. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.103029.
• 5. Shiralkar S, Rennie A, Snow M, Galland RB, Lewis MH, Gower-Thomas K. Doctors' knowledge of radiation exposure: questionnaire study. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2003;327(7411):371-2. doi: 10.1136/bmj.327.7411.371.
• 6. Söylemez H, Sancaktutar AA, Silay MS, Penbegül N, Bozkurt Y, Atar M, et al. Knowledge and attitude of European urology residents about ionizing radiation. Urology. 2013;81(1):30-5. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.07.097.
• 7. Romanova K, Vassileva J, Alyakov M. Radiation exposure to the eye lens of orthopaedic surgeons during various orthopaedic procedures. Radiation protection dosimetry. 2015;165(1-4):310-3. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncv122.
• 8. Ahn Y, Kim CH, Lee JH, Lee SH, Kim JS. Radiation exposure to the surgeon during percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: a prospective study. Spine. 2013;38(7):617-25. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318275ca58.
• 9. Bowman JR, Razi A, Watson SL, Pearson JM, Hudson PW, Patt JC, et al. What Leads to Lead: Results of a Nationwide Survey Exploring Attitudes and Practices of Orthopaedic Surgery Residents Regarding Radiation Safety. The Journal of bone and joint surgery American volume. 2018;100(3):e16. doi: 10.2106/jbjs.17.00604.
• 10. Todua F, Nadareishvili D, Ormotsadze G, Sanikidze T. Basic radiation protection education and training for medical professionals; georgian experience and future perspective. Radiation protection dosimetry. 2016;169(1-4):422-4. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncv528.
• 11. Partap A, Raghunanan R, White K, Seepaul T. Knowledge and practice of radiation safety among health professionals in Trinidad. SAGE open medicine. 2019;7:2050312119848240. Epub 2019/05/10. doi: 10.1177/2050312119848240.
• 12. Tok A, Akbas A, Aytan N, Aliskan T, Cicekbilek I, Kaba M, et al. Are the urology operating room personnel aware about the ionizing radiation? International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology. 2015;41(5):982-9. Epub 2015/12/23. doi: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2014.0351.
• 13. McCulloch MM, Fischer KW, Kearfott KJ. Medical Professional Radiation Dosimeter Usage: Reasons for Noncompliance. Health physics. 2018;115(5):646-51. doi: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000957.
• 14. Dörr H, Meineke V. Acute radiation syndrome caused by accidental radiation exposure-therapeutic principles. BMC medicine. 2011;9(1):126. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-9-126
• 15. Jin MW, Xu SM, An Q, Wang P. A review of risk factors for childhood leukemia. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences. 2016;20(18):3760-4. PubMed PMID: 27735044.
• 16. Cohen S, Liu A, Gurvitz M, Guo L, Therrien J, Laprise C, et al. Exposure to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation From Cardiac Procedures and Malignancy Risk in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease. Circulation. 2018;137(13):1334-45. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.029138.
• 17. Vimercati L, De Maria L, Mansi F, Caputi A, Ferri GM, Luisi V, et al. Prevalence of Thyroid Diseases in an Occupationally Radiation Exposed Group: A Cross-Sectional Study in a University Hospital of Southern Italy. Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets. 2019;19(6):803-8. doi: 10.2174/1871530318666181102114627.
• 18. Brent RL. Protection of the gametes embryo/fetus from prenatal radiation exposure. Health physics. 2015;108(2):242-74. doi: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000235.
• 19. Verkouteren JAC, Ramdas KHR, Wakkee M, Nijsten T. Epidemiology of basal cell carcinoma: scholarly review. The British journal of dermatology. 2017;177(2):359-72. doi: 10.1111/bjd.15321.
• 20. Lim H, Devesa SS, Sosa JA, Check D, Kitahara CM. Trends in Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the United States, 1974-2013. Jama. 2017;317(13):1338-48. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.2719.
• 21. 2ark MK, Kim S, Jung U, Kim I, Kim JK, Roh C. Effect of acute and fractionated irradiation on hippocampal neurogenesis. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2012;17(8):9462-8. Epub 2012/08/10. doi: 10.3390/molecules17089462.