Araştırma Makalesi
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Efficacy of Unilateral Greater Occipital Nerve Block in Migraine Management: A Focused Approach for Targeted Relief

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 4 - 9, 01.04.2025

Öz

Aim: Migraine is one of the most common and disabling neurological disorders, causing a great deal of suffering both from an individual perspective and a public health point of view. Patients often suffer from either lack of efficacy or adverse reactions of oral treatments. The Greater occipital nerve (GON) block has recently come forward as a potentially useful choice for migraines. This study, therefore, assessed unilateral GON block to treat migraine.

Methods: A total of 35 patients with migraine were included in this prospective study. The frequency, duration, pain severity and analgesic consumption of headaches were evaluated at baseline and 1 week, 1 month and 3 months post-treatment in GON block. The primary outcome measures included changes in the number of migraine attacks, duration, and the severity of pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS).

Results: A substantial decrease was shown in the median number of migraine attacks, from 12 at baseline to 3 at month 3 (p=0.007). The mean duration of migraine attacks reduced from 12 hours at baseline to 3 hours at month 3 (p < 0.0001), and the mean VAS score was improved from 10 at baseline to 4 at month 3 (p < 0.0001). There was also a significant reduction in analgesic use from 12 at baseline to 2 doses per month (p=0.005).

Conclusion: Our results show that unilateral GON block is an efficient and well-tolerated intervention for migraine patients, significantly decreasing headache frequency, intensity and duration.

Proje Numarası

HNEAH-KAEK 2019/151

Kaynakça

  • 1. Charles A. The pathophysiology of migraine: implications for clinical management. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(2):174-82. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30435-0.
  • 2. Goadsby PJ, Holland PR, Martins-Oliveira M, Hoffmann J, Schankin C, Akerman S. Pathophysiology of Migraine: A Disorder of Sensory Processing. Physiol Rev. 2017;97(2):553-622. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2015.
  • 3. Dodick DW. A Phase-by-Phase Review of Migraine Pathophysiology. Headache. 2018;58 Suppl 1:4-16. doi: 10.1111/head.13300.
  • 4. Johnson B, Freitag FG. New Approaches to Shifting the Migraine Treatment Paradigm. Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2022;3:873179. doi: 10.3389/fpain.2022.873179.
  • 5. Blumenfeld AM, Bloudek LM, Becker WJ, Buse DC, Varon SF, Maglinte GA, et al. Patterns of use and reasons for discontinuation of prophylactic medications for episodic migraine and chronic migraine: results from the second international burden of migraine study (IBMS-II). Headache. 2013;53(4):644-55. doi: 10.1111/head.12055.
  • 6. Inan LE, Inan N, Unal-Artık HA, Atac C, Babaoglu G. Greater occipital nerve block in migraine prophylaxis: Narrative review. Cephalalgia. 2019;39(7):908-20. doi: 10.1177/0333102418821669.
  • 7. Ambrosini A, Schoenen J. Invasive pericranial nerve interventions. Cephalalgia. 2016;36(12):1156-69. doi: 10.1177/0333102416639515.
  • 8. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1-211. doi: 10.1177/0333102417738202.
  • 9. Ashkenazi A, Young WB. The effects of greater occipital nerve block and trigger point injection on brush allodynia and pain in migraine. Headache. 2005;45(4):350-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.05073.x.
  • 10. Gul HL, Ozon AO, Karadas O, Koc G, Inan LE. The efficacy of greater occipital nerve blockade in chronic migraine: A placebo-controlled study. Acta Neurol Scand. 2017;136(2):138-44. doi: 10.1111/ane.12716.
  • 11. Özer D, Bölük C, Türk Börü Ü, Altun D, Taşdemir M, Köseoğlu Toksoy C. Greater occipital and supraorbital nerve blockade for the preventive treatment of migraine: a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2019;35(5):909-15. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1532403.
  • 12. Chowdhury D, Tomar A, Deorari V, Duggal A, Krishnan A, Koul A. Greater occipital nerve blockade for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Cephalalgia. 2023;43(2):3331024221143541. doi: 10.1177/03331024221143541.
  • 13. Afridi SK, Shields KG, Bhola R, Goadsby PJ. Greater occipital nerve injection in primary headache syndromes--prolonged effects from a single injection. Pain. 2006;122(1-2):126-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.01.016.
  • 14. Inan N, Inan LE, Coşkun Ö, Tunç T, Ilhan M. Effectiveness of Greater Occipital Nerve Blocks in Migraine Prophylaxis. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2016;53(1):45-8. doi: 10.5152/npa.2015.10003.
  • 15. Ünal-Artık HA, İnan LE, Ataç-Uçar C, Yoldaş TK. Do bilateral and unilateral greater occipital nerve block effectiveness differ in chronic migraine patients? Neurol Sci. 2017;38(6):949-54. doi: 10.1007/s10072-017-2861-5.
  • 16. Cuadrado ML, Aledo-Serrano Á, Navarro P, López-Ruiz P, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, González-Suárez I, et al. Short-term effects of greater occipital nerve blocks in chronic migraine: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Cephalalgia. 2017;37(9):864-872. doi: 10.1177/0333102416655159.
  • 17. Zhang H, Yang X, Lin Y, Chen L, Ye H. The efficacy of greater occipital nerve block for the treatment of migraine: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2018;165:129-33. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2017.12.026.
  • 18. Guner D, Bilgin S. Efficacy of Adding a Distal Level Block to a C2 Level Greater Occipital Nerve Block under Ultrasound Guidance in Chronic Migraine. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2023;26(4):513-19. doi: 10.4103/aian.aian_169_23.

Migren Yönetiminde Unilateral Büyük Oksipital Sinir Blokajının Etkinliği: Hedefe Yönelik Yaklaşım

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 4 - 9, 01.04.2025

Öz

Amaç: Migren hem bireysel açıdan hem de halk sağlığı perspektifinden büyük acılara neden olan en yaygın ve engelleyici nörolojik bozukluklardan biridir. Hastalar, genellikle ağızdan alınan tedavilerin ya etkinlik eksikliği ya da yan etkileri nedeniyle sıkıntı yaşamaktadır. Son zamanlarda, Büyük oksipital sinir (greater occipital nerve- GON) blokajı migren tedavisinde potansiyel bir seçenek olarak öne çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma, bu nedenle, migren tedavisinde tek taraflı GON blokajını değerlendirmiştir.

Yöntem: Bu prospektif çalışmaya toplam 35 migren hastası dahil edilmiştir. Başlangıçta ve GON blokajı tedavisinden sonra 1 hafta, 1 ay ve 3 ayda baş ağrılarının sıklığı, süresi, ağrı şiddeti ve analjezik kullanımını değerlendirilmiştir. Birincil sonuç ölçütleri, migren ataklarının sayısındaki, süresindeki ve görsel analog skala (visual analogue scale- VAS) kullanılarak ölçülen ağrı şiddetindeki değişiklikleri içermektedir.

Bulgular: Migren ataklarının ortanca sayısının başlangıçta 12'den 3. aya kadar üçe düştüğü görülmüş ve anlamlı bir azalma gösterilmiştir (p=0.007). Migren ataklarının başlangıçtaki ortalama süresi 12 saatten 3. ayda 3 saate düşmüş (p < 0.0001) ve başlangıçtaki ortalama VAS skoru 10'dan 3. ayda 4'e iyileşmiştir (p < 0.0001). Ayrıca, alınan analjezik ilaç sayısı da başlangıçtaki 12 iken, 3. ayda 2’ye gerilemiştir (p=0.005).

Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız, migren hastaları için tek taraflı GON blokajının, baş ağrısı sıklığını, şiddetini ve süresini önemli ölçüde azaltan etkili ve iyi tolere edilen bir müdahale olduğunu göstermektedir.

Proje Numarası

HNEAH-KAEK 2019/151

Kaynakça

  • 1. Charles A. The pathophysiology of migraine: implications for clinical management. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(2):174-82. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30435-0.
  • 2. Goadsby PJ, Holland PR, Martins-Oliveira M, Hoffmann J, Schankin C, Akerman S. Pathophysiology of Migraine: A Disorder of Sensory Processing. Physiol Rev. 2017;97(2):553-622. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2015.
  • 3. Dodick DW. A Phase-by-Phase Review of Migraine Pathophysiology. Headache. 2018;58 Suppl 1:4-16. doi: 10.1111/head.13300.
  • 4. Johnson B, Freitag FG. New Approaches to Shifting the Migraine Treatment Paradigm. Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2022;3:873179. doi: 10.3389/fpain.2022.873179.
  • 5. Blumenfeld AM, Bloudek LM, Becker WJ, Buse DC, Varon SF, Maglinte GA, et al. Patterns of use and reasons for discontinuation of prophylactic medications for episodic migraine and chronic migraine: results from the second international burden of migraine study (IBMS-II). Headache. 2013;53(4):644-55. doi: 10.1111/head.12055.
  • 6. Inan LE, Inan N, Unal-Artık HA, Atac C, Babaoglu G. Greater occipital nerve block in migraine prophylaxis: Narrative review. Cephalalgia. 2019;39(7):908-20. doi: 10.1177/0333102418821669.
  • 7. Ambrosini A, Schoenen J. Invasive pericranial nerve interventions. Cephalalgia. 2016;36(12):1156-69. doi: 10.1177/0333102416639515.
  • 8. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1-211. doi: 10.1177/0333102417738202.
  • 9. Ashkenazi A, Young WB. The effects of greater occipital nerve block and trigger point injection on brush allodynia and pain in migraine. Headache. 2005;45(4):350-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.05073.x.
  • 10. Gul HL, Ozon AO, Karadas O, Koc G, Inan LE. The efficacy of greater occipital nerve blockade in chronic migraine: A placebo-controlled study. Acta Neurol Scand. 2017;136(2):138-44. doi: 10.1111/ane.12716.
  • 11. Özer D, Bölük C, Türk Börü Ü, Altun D, Taşdemir M, Köseoğlu Toksoy C. Greater occipital and supraorbital nerve blockade for the preventive treatment of migraine: a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2019;35(5):909-15. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1532403.
  • 12. Chowdhury D, Tomar A, Deorari V, Duggal A, Krishnan A, Koul A. Greater occipital nerve blockade for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Cephalalgia. 2023;43(2):3331024221143541. doi: 10.1177/03331024221143541.
  • 13. Afridi SK, Shields KG, Bhola R, Goadsby PJ. Greater occipital nerve injection in primary headache syndromes--prolonged effects from a single injection. Pain. 2006;122(1-2):126-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.01.016.
  • 14. Inan N, Inan LE, Coşkun Ö, Tunç T, Ilhan M. Effectiveness of Greater Occipital Nerve Blocks in Migraine Prophylaxis. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2016;53(1):45-8. doi: 10.5152/npa.2015.10003.
  • 15. Ünal-Artık HA, İnan LE, Ataç-Uçar C, Yoldaş TK. Do bilateral and unilateral greater occipital nerve block effectiveness differ in chronic migraine patients? Neurol Sci. 2017;38(6):949-54. doi: 10.1007/s10072-017-2861-5.
  • 16. Cuadrado ML, Aledo-Serrano Á, Navarro P, López-Ruiz P, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, González-Suárez I, et al. Short-term effects of greater occipital nerve blocks in chronic migraine: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Cephalalgia. 2017;37(9):864-872. doi: 10.1177/0333102416655159.
  • 17. Zhang H, Yang X, Lin Y, Chen L, Ye H. The efficacy of greater occipital nerve block for the treatment of migraine: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2018;165:129-33. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2017.12.026.
  • 18. Guner D, Bilgin S. Efficacy of Adding a Distal Level Block to a C2 Level Greater Occipital Nerve Block under Ultrasound Guidance in Chronic Migraine. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2023;26(4):513-19. doi: 10.4103/aian.aian_169_23.
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ceyhun Sayman 0000-0003-2940-5186

Buse Hasırcı Bayır 0000-0001-5740-8822

Gizem Gürsoy 0000-0003-4448-5962

Kerim Şahin 0000-0003-3422-6756

Yılmaz Çetinkaya 0000-0001-7974-0260

Proje Numarası HNEAH-KAEK 2019/151
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 22 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Sayman C, Hasırcı Bayır B, Gürsoy G, Şahin K, Çetinkaya Y. Efficacy of Unilateral Greater Occipital Nerve Block in Migraine Management: A Focused Approach for Targeted Relief. Acta Med. Alanya. 2025;9(1):4-9.

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