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İkinci Sıra veya Sonrasında Nivolumab ile Tedavi Edilen Metastatik Renal Hücreli Karsinom Hastalarında Serum Sodyum Düzeyinin Sağkalım Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 55 - 63, 01.04.2025

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, ikinci sıra ve ötesinde Nivolumab ile tedavi edilen metastatik renal hücreli karsinom (RCC) hastalarında serum sodyum düzeyinin tedavi etkinliği ve prognoz üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.

Yöntem: Tek merkezli retrospektif bir çalışma olarak tasarlanan bu araştırmaya 55 hasta (n=55) dahil edildi. Klinikopatolojik faktörler ve serum sodyum seviyeleri, Nivolumab başlamadan önce ve Nivolumab’ın sekizinci haftasında olmak üzere kaydedildi. Hastalar medyan sodyum değerline (Nivolumab öncesi için 138 mEq/L ve sekizinci hafta için 137 mEq/L) göre dikotomize edildi. Sodyum dahil progresyona etki eden faktörler cox-regresyon ile incelendi.

Bulgular: Çalışma popülasyonunun medyan yaşı 63 (33-90) olup, 44'ü (%78.6) erkekti. Tedavi öncesi düşük sodyum (≤138 mEq/L) ve yüksek sodyum (>138 mEq/L) değerine sahip hastalar arasında progresyonsuz sağkalım (PFS) açısından fark bulunmazken (p=0.507), sekizince hafta yüksek sodyum seviyesine (>137 mEq/L) sahip hastalarda PFS, düşük sodyum seviyesine (≤137 mEq/L) sahip hastalardan belirgin şekilde daha uzundu [30.9 ay, %95 GA; (2.0-59.9) ve 3.4 ay, %95 GA; (0.0-7.1); sırasıyla (p<0.001)]. Çok değişkenli analizlerde yalnızca sekizinci hafta sodyum seviyeleri anlamlı bulundu (p<0.001). Nivolumab öncesi düşük ve yüksek sodyum değerine sahip hastalar arasında genel sağkalım (OS) benzerdi (p=0.292). Ancak, sekizinci haftada yüksek sodyum değerine sahip hastalar, düşük değere sahip olanlardan anlamlı şekilde daha uzun OS’ye sahipti [Yüksek sodyum grubu için ulaşılmamış ve düşük sodyum hastalar için 9.1 ay, %95 GA; (0.0-22.6); (p<0.001)].

Sonuç: Bulgularımız, serum sodyum seviyelerinin prognostik ve prediktif değerine işaret eden eski çalışmalarla uyumluydu. Serum sodyumunun kolay, hızlı ve uygun maliyetli bir belirteç olması nedeniyle bu konuyu daha fazla vurgulamak için daha kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Bukavina L, Bensalah K, Bray F, Carlo M, Challacombe B, Karam JA, et al. Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma: 2022 Update. Eur Urol 2022;82(5):529–42. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.08.019.
  • 2. Tran J, Ornstein MC. Clinical Review on the Management of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. JCO Oncol Pract. 2022;18(3):187–96. doi: 10.1200/OP.21.00419.
  • 3. Saad AM, Gad MM, Al-Husseini MJ, Ruhban IA, Sonbol MB, Ho TH. Trends in Renal-Cell Carcinoma Incidence and Mortality in the United States in the Last 2 Decades: A SEER-Based Study. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2019;17(1):46-57.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2018.10.002.
  • 4. Mondlane ER, Abreu-Mendes P, Martins D, Cruz R, Mendes F. The role of immunotherapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma. International Braz J Urol. 2021;47(6):1228–42. doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.0681.
  • 5. Ernst MS, Navani V, Wells JC, Donskov F, Basappa N, Labaki C, et al. Outcomes for International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium Prognostic Groups in Contemporary First-line Combination Therapies for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol 2023;84(1):109–16. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.01.001.
  • 6. Beypınar I, Sözel Y, Önder AH. Assessing the prognostic value of IMDC risk score for nivolumab-treated patients with renal cancer and malignant melanoma. Cancer Biomarkers 2023;38(3):367–77. doi: 10.3233/CBM-230159.
  • 7. Martin SD, Bhuiyan I, Soleimani M, Wang G. Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med. 2023;12(15):4987. doi: 10.3390/jcm12154987.
  • 8. Schouten RD, Egberink L, Muller M, de Gooijer CJ, van Werkhoven E, van den Heuvel MM, et al. Nivolumab in pre-treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: long term follow up data from the Dutch expanded access program and routine clinical care. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2020;9(5):1736–48. doi: 10.21037/tlcr-19-698.
  • 9. Schutz FAB, Xie W, Donskov F, Sircar M, McDermott DF, Rini BI, et al. The Impact of Low Serum Sodium on Treatment Outcome of Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results from the International Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer Database Consortium. Eur Urol 2014;65(4):723–30. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.10.013.
  • 10. Catalano M, Rebuzzi SE, Maruzzo M, De Giorgi U, Buti S, Galli L, et al. Sodium Levels and Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving Nivolumab. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(11):e2345185. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.45185.
  • 11. Roviello G, Catalano M, De Giorgi U, Maruzzo M, Buti S, Gambale E, et al. Prognostic value of normal sodium levels in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Front Oncol 2022;12:918413. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.918413.
  • 12. Workeneh BT, Jhaveri KD, Rondon-Berrios H. Hyponatremia in the cancer patient. Kidney Int 2020;98(4):870–82. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.015.
  • 13. Uppal NN, Workeneh BT, Rondon-Berrios H, Jhaveri KD. Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders Associated with Cancer Immunotherapy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022;17(6):922-33. doi: 10.2215/CJN.14671121.
  • 14. Motzer RJ, Escudier B, McDermott DF, George S, Hammers HJ, Srinivas S, et al. Nivolumab versus Everolimus in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(19):1803-13. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1510665.
  • 15. Jobin K, Müller DN, Jantsch J, Kurts C. Sodium and its manifold impact on our immune system. Trends Immunol. 2021;42(6):469–79. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2021.04.002.
  • 16. Rebuzzi SE, Signori A, Banna GL, Maruzzo M, De Giorgi U, Pedrazzoli P, et al. Inflammatory indices and clinical factors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with nivolumab: the development of a novel prognostic score (Meet-URO 15 study). Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2021 May 18;13:17588359211019642. doi: 10.1177/17588359211019642.
  • 17. Catalano M, Rebuzzi SE, Maruzzo M, De Giorgi U, Buti S, Galli L, et al. Sodium levels and immunotherapy efficacy in mRCC patients with bone metastases: sub analysis of Meet-Uro 15 study. Front Immunol 2024;15:1361010. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361010.
  • 18. Klümper N, Cox A, Eckstein M, Kuppe C, Ritter M, Brossart P, et al. High serum sodium predicts immunotherapy response in metastatic renal cell and urothelial carcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 2024;204:114089. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114089.
  • 19. Furukawa J, Miyake H, Kusuda Y, Fujisawa M. Hyponatremia as a powerful prognostic predictor for Japanese patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Int J Clin Oncol. 2015;20(2):351–7. doi: 10.1007/s10147-014-0713-3.
  • 20. Pedersen MM, Donskov F, Pedersen L, Zhang ZF, Nørgaard M. Elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio combined with hyponatremia indicate poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. Acta Oncol. 2020;59(1):13–9. doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2019.

Impact of Serum Sodium Levels on Treatment Efficacy and Prognosis in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Receiving Subsequent Line Nivolumab

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 55 - 63, 01.04.2025

Öz

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the effect of serum sodium levels on treatment efficacy and prognosis in metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) patients receiving subsequent line Nivolumab.

Methods: This retrospective, single-center study include 55 patients (n=55). Clinicopathological factors and serum sodium levels were recorded before nivolumab (pre-ICI) initiation and at the eighth week of nivolumab (post-ICI). Patients were divided into two groups according to the median sodium levels for pre-ICI (138 mEq/L) and post-ICI 137 (mEq/L). Cox regression analysis was used to determine proportional hazards.

Results: The median age of the study population was 63 (33-90) and 44 (78.6%) patients were male. Progression-free survival (PFS) ans overall survial (OS) was similar for pre-ICI sodium low and high patients. However, post-ICI sodium-high patients had significantly longer PFS [30.9 months, 95% CI; (2.0-59.9) ve 3.4 months, %95 CI; (0.0-7.1); respectively (p<0.001)] and OS [NR vs 9.1 months, 95% CI; (0.0-22.6); (p<0.001)] than the patients with low post-ICI sodium levels. In the multivariate analyses, the only independent predictor was post-ICI sodium level for both PFS [HR: 0.288; 95% CI 0.149-0.559, (p<0.001)] and OS [HR: 0.239; 95% CI, 0.107-0.533, (p<0.001)].

Conclusion: Our results are consistent with those of previous studies showing the prognostic and predictive value of serum sodium levels. As serum sodium is an easy, fast, and affordable marker, it may be a feasible prognostic marker. More comprehensive studies are needed to highlight this topic.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma tamamen Helsinki Bildirgesine uygun olarak yürütülmüş ve yerel etik kurul onayı alınmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Teşekkür

Yok

Kaynakça

  • 1. Bukavina L, Bensalah K, Bray F, Carlo M, Challacombe B, Karam JA, et al. Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma: 2022 Update. Eur Urol 2022;82(5):529–42. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.08.019.
  • 2. Tran J, Ornstein MC. Clinical Review on the Management of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. JCO Oncol Pract. 2022;18(3):187–96. doi: 10.1200/OP.21.00419.
  • 3. Saad AM, Gad MM, Al-Husseini MJ, Ruhban IA, Sonbol MB, Ho TH. Trends in Renal-Cell Carcinoma Incidence and Mortality in the United States in the Last 2 Decades: A SEER-Based Study. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2019;17(1):46-57.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2018.10.002.
  • 4. Mondlane ER, Abreu-Mendes P, Martins D, Cruz R, Mendes F. The role of immunotherapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma. International Braz J Urol. 2021;47(6):1228–42. doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.0681.
  • 5. Ernst MS, Navani V, Wells JC, Donskov F, Basappa N, Labaki C, et al. Outcomes for International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium Prognostic Groups in Contemporary First-line Combination Therapies for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol 2023;84(1):109–16. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.01.001.
  • 6. Beypınar I, Sözel Y, Önder AH. Assessing the prognostic value of IMDC risk score for nivolumab-treated patients with renal cancer and malignant melanoma. Cancer Biomarkers 2023;38(3):367–77. doi: 10.3233/CBM-230159.
  • 7. Martin SD, Bhuiyan I, Soleimani M, Wang G. Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med. 2023;12(15):4987. doi: 10.3390/jcm12154987.
  • 8. Schouten RD, Egberink L, Muller M, de Gooijer CJ, van Werkhoven E, van den Heuvel MM, et al. Nivolumab in pre-treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: long term follow up data from the Dutch expanded access program and routine clinical care. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2020;9(5):1736–48. doi: 10.21037/tlcr-19-698.
  • 9. Schutz FAB, Xie W, Donskov F, Sircar M, McDermott DF, Rini BI, et al. The Impact of Low Serum Sodium on Treatment Outcome of Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results from the International Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer Database Consortium. Eur Urol 2014;65(4):723–30. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.10.013.
  • 10. Catalano M, Rebuzzi SE, Maruzzo M, De Giorgi U, Buti S, Galli L, et al. Sodium Levels and Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving Nivolumab. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(11):e2345185. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.45185.
  • 11. Roviello G, Catalano M, De Giorgi U, Maruzzo M, Buti S, Gambale E, et al. Prognostic value of normal sodium levels in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Front Oncol 2022;12:918413. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.918413.
  • 12. Workeneh BT, Jhaveri KD, Rondon-Berrios H. Hyponatremia in the cancer patient. Kidney Int 2020;98(4):870–82. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.015.
  • 13. Uppal NN, Workeneh BT, Rondon-Berrios H, Jhaveri KD. Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders Associated with Cancer Immunotherapy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022;17(6):922-33. doi: 10.2215/CJN.14671121.
  • 14. Motzer RJ, Escudier B, McDermott DF, George S, Hammers HJ, Srinivas S, et al. Nivolumab versus Everolimus in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(19):1803-13. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1510665.
  • 15. Jobin K, Müller DN, Jantsch J, Kurts C. Sodium and its manifold impact on our immune system. Trends Immunol. 2021;42(6):469–79. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2021.04.002.
  • 16. Rebuzzi SE, Signori A, Banna GL, Maruzzo M, De Giorgi U, Pedrazzoli P, et al. Inflammatory indices and clinical factors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with nivolumab: the development of a novel prognostic score (Meet-URO 15 study). Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2021 May 18;13:17588359211019642. doi: 10.1177/17588359211019642.
  • 17. Catalano M, Rebuzzi SE, Maruzzo M, De Giorgi U, Buti S, Galli L, et al. Sodium levels and immunotherapy efficacy in mRCC patients with bone metastases: sub analysis of Meet-Uro 15 study. Front Immunol 2024;15:1361010. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361010.
  • 18. Klümper N, Cox A, Eckstein M, Kuppe C, Ritter M, Brossart P, et al. High serum sodium predicts immunotherapy response in metastatic renal cell and urothelial carcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 2024;204:114089. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114089.
  • 19. Furukawa J, Miyake H, Kusuda Y, Fujisawa M. Hyponatremia as a powerful prognostic predictor for Japanese patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Int J Clin Oncol. 2015;20(2):351–7. doi: 10.1007/s10147-014-0713-3.
  • 20. Pedersen MM, Donskov F, Pedersen L, Zhang ZF, Nørgaard M. Elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio combined with hyponatremia indicate poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. Acta Oncol. 2020;59(1):13–9. doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2019.
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Onkoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Halil Göksel Güzel 0000-0001-8310-1752

Banu Öztürk 0000-0003-0290-8787

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 21 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Güzel HG, Öztürk B. Impact of Serum Sodium Levels on Treatment Efficacy and Prognosis in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Receiving Subsequent Line Nivolumab. Acta Med. Alanya. 2025;9(1):55-63.

9705 

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