Gerçekötesi Dönemde Yapay Zekanın Fotoğraf ve Resim Sanatlarına Etkisi ve Yaratıcılık ile Sahiplik Sorunları

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 243 - 270, 30.12.2021

İsmail Erim Gülaçtı , Mehmet Emin Kahraman

https://doi.org/10.46641/medeniyetsanat.994950

Cited By: 2

Öz

Sanatta, özellikle görsel sanatlarda insanlar, görüntülerin özü ve tasarımı arasındaki çok yönlü etkileşimi birleştirerek ayırt edici deneyimler yaratma becerilerini mükemmelleştirmiştir. Bu sürecin doğuştan gelen mekanizmaları henüz bilinmemektedir ve benzer yeteneklere sahip yapay bir sistem de mevcut değildir. Bununla birlikte, sanatta yapay zekanın ortaya çıkışı ve artan yaygınlığı, sanatsal yaratıcılık ve sanat eserlerinin yazarlığı gibi temel sabitler gibi görünen şeyleri büyük ölçüde değiştirmeye başlamıştır. Gerçekler, birbiriyle rekabet halindeki versiyonlarda kurguya dönüştükçe, bu fenomen gerçekötesi çağda daha da yaygın hale gelmektedir. Sanat her zaman gerçeklerin peşinde olmasa da üretken çekişmeli ağlar tarafından desteklenen yapay zekâ, sanat kavramını çok daha geniş bir bağlama yerleştirmektedir. Böyle bir bağlamda, gerçekötesi dönemde yapay zekanın fotoğraf ve resim sanatlarına etkisini ve yaratıcılık ile sahiplik sorunlarını tartışmayı amaçlayan ve literatür taramasına dayanan bu betimsel-nitel çalışma, önce üretken çekişmeli ağlar kavramını açıklamakta ve daha sonra fotoğraf ve resimdeki kullanımlarından oluşan bir örneklemi somut örneklerle incelemektedir. Daha sonra, çalışma, üretken çekişmeli ağlar tarafından yönlendirilen yapay zekanın sanat piyasası üzerindeki etkilerini tartışmakta ve bu etkilerden dolayı yaratıcılık kavramını ve sahiplik konusunu sanat eserleri bağlamında analiz etmektedir. Son olarak gerçekötesi kavramı açıklanmakta ve gerçekötesi çerçevede yapay zekanın ortaya çıkışının sanat için gelecekteki yansımaları sorgulanmaktadır. Sonuçlar sanatın ifade ve kanıtlama işlevleri arasındaki çizgilerin bulanıklaşmaya başladığını, aynı zamanda kurgu ve gerçeklik arasındaki sınırın da giderek daha da belirsizleştiğini göstermektedir. Üretken çekişmeli ağlar tarafından desteklenen yapay zekâ, yeni bir ortam veya teknoloji ortaya çıktığında ve giderek daha fazla insan tarafından çeşitli hızlarda ve oranlarda benimsendiğinde olduğu gibi, sanatsal çabalardaki gerçeğin anlamını yeniden bağlamsallaştırmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yapay Zekâ, Derin Öğrenme, Üretken Çekişmeli Ağlar, Sanat, Yaratıcılık

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Photography and Painting in the Post-Truth Era and the Issues of Creativity and Authorship

Öz

In arts, especially visual arts, humans have perfected their skills to create distinctive experiences by combining a multifaceted interplay between the substance and design of images. Innate mechanisms of this process have remained unknown so far, and no artificial system with similar capabilities exists yet. However, the increasing prevalence of artificial intelligence in arts has drastically changed what seems to be the underlying constants, such as artistic creativity and authorship of artworks. This phenomenon becomes even more commonplace in the post-truth era as facts become fiction in competing versions. Although art has not always been searching for truths, artificial intelligence powered by generative adversarial networks puts the entire concept of art in a much larger context. In such a context, this descriptive-qualitative study based on literature review, which aims to discuss the impacts of artificial intelligence on photography and painting in the post-truth era and the issues of creativity and authorship, first explains the concept of generative adversarial networks and then examines a sample of their uses in photography and painting with concrete examples. Later, the study discusses the effects of artificial intelligence driven by generative adversarial networks on the art market and analyzes the concept of creativity and the issue of authorship because of those impacts in the context of works of art. Finally, the notion of post-truth is explained, and what the advent of artificial intelligence is likely to mean for art in the future within the framework of post-truth is questioned. Results show that the lines between art's expressive and demonstrative functions are beginning to blur, while the border between fiction and reality is becoming increasingly blurred. AI powered by GANs re-contextualizes the meaning of the truth in artistic endeavors as it happens whenever a novel medium or technology appears and is increasingly adopted by more people at various paces and rates.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Generative Adversarial Networks, Art, Creativity

Kaynakça

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