Türkiye Akdeniz Bölgesindeki Deniz Çayırı Posidonia oceanica'nın Bitki Büyümesi Dikkate Alınarak Ekolojik Dinamiklerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Homojenliğin mimarları olarak kabul edilen damarlı angiospermler, Akdeniz'deki ekosistemin kompozisyonuna ve işleyişine hakimdir. Deniz çayırlarının ekolojik ve evrimsel dinamiklerini etkileyen faktörlerin anlaşılması koruma amaçları açısından kritik olduğundan, bu çalışmada Kızılada, Fethiye-Göcek Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi'ndeki (Muğla, Türkiye) Posidonia oceanica çayırlarının ekolojik dinamiklerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Bitkinin büyüme dinamikleri göz önüne alınarak, hem ortotropik hem de plajiyotropik rizomlarda, yıllık ölçek kalınlığı döngüleri kullanılarak lepidokronolojik analiz yürütüldü. Bölgede P. oceanica çayırlarının üst sınırı 18,7 m derinlikten başlayıp 29,7 m derinlikte sona ermektedir. P. oceanica'nın plajiyotropik rizomlarının üst sınırdan alt sınır derinliğe kadar uzanan bir hat boyunca gelişimi, Türkiye kıyılarında nadiren görülebilmektedir. Ortotrofik ve plajiyotrofik rizomlar arasında büyüme hızları farklı olduğundan, hat üzerindeki çayırın yıllık büyümesi, her iki rizomun ortalaması alınarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlar göz önüne alındığında, P. oceanica'nın yıllık büyüme hızı derinlikle azalmış ve alt sınır derinliğinde minimum olduğu belirlenmiştir. Plajiyotrofik rizom uzamasının ortalama hızı 17,8 mm yıl-1 olarak kaydedilirken, ortotrofik rizomların ortalaması 8,8 mm yıl-1 olarak kaydedilmiştir. Lepidokronolojik analizler, rizomların ortalama yıllık büyüme hızına göre P. oceanica çayırının yaklaşık 2013 yaşında olduğunu doğrulamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• lepidokronoloji
• bitki büyüme dinamikleri
• verimlilik
• Akdeniz

Evaluation of the Ecological Dynamics of the Seagrass Posidonia oceanica in a Turkish Mediterranean Site Considering the Plant Growth

Öz

Vascular angiosperms considered as architectures of homogeneity, dominate the composition, and ecosystem functioning in the Mediterranean Sea. Since the realisation of the factors influencing the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of seagrasses, is critical for the conservational purposes, we aimed to evaluate the ecological dynamics Posidonia oceanica meadows in Kızılada, Fethiye-Göcek Special Environmental Protected Area (Muğla, Türkiye) in this study. Considering growth dynamics of the plant, lepidochronological analysis using annual cycles of scale thickness, was conducted both on the orthotropic and the plagiotropic rhizomes. The upper limit of P. oceanica meadows, started from a depth of 18.7 m and ended at a depth of 29.7 m in the region. Development of the plagiotropic rhizomes of P. oceanica along a line from the upper limit to the lower limit depth, could be rarely seen in the Turkish coasts. Since the growth rates were different between orthotrophic and plagiotrophic rhizomes, the annual growth of the meadow on the line, was calculated by averaging the both of the rhizomes. Considering the results, the annual growth rate of P. oceanica decreased with depth and was determined to be minimum at the lower limit depth. The average rate of plagiotropic rhizome elongation, was recorded as 17.8 mm yr-1, while the average of orthotrophic rhizomes was recorded as 8.8 mm yr-1. Lepidochronological analyses verified that P. oceanica meadow was estimated to be approximately 2013 years old according to the average annual growth rate of the rhizomes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Posidonia oceanica
• plant growth dynamics
• Mediterranean Sea
• lepidochronology
• productivity

Kaynakça

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