Nazi Basınında ABD’deki Yahudiler: Fliegende Blätter Mizah Dergisi Üzerine İnceleme

Öz

Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplinini oluşturan alt çalışma alanlarından biri olan Siyasi Tarih’in, sosyal bilimlerin çatısı olarak da kabul edilen Sosyoloji ile bileşiminin ortaya çıkardığı ‘siyasal iletişim’, toplumları bütünleştirme veya ayrıştırma özellikleri olan farklı araçlardan oluşur. Almanya’da 5 Mart 1933 yılı yapılan Genel Seçimler sonucu iktidara gelen Nasyonal Sosyalist Alman İşçi Partisi (NSDAP)’nin iktidarı elde etmesinden sonra Alman basınında Yahudi karşıtı söylemler yoğun şekilde yer bulmaya başlamıştır Özellikle Lustige Blätter, Kladderadatsch ve Fliegende Blätter gibi mizah dergilerinde Yahudiler sert biçimde eleştirilmiştir. Diğer yandan bu mizah dergileri içerisinde Fliegende Blätter’de ABD’deki Yahudi diasporası ağır şekilde eleştiriye maruz kalmıştır. Çalışmada Fliegende Blätter’deki Yahudi diasporasını konu alan karikatürler üzerinden NSDAP iktidarı döneminde Alman basınında ABD’deki Yahudi diasporasının ne şekilde sunulduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu aşamada çalışma kapsamında Fliegende Blätter’in Yahudi diasporasını konu alan dergi kapakları göstergebilim yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucu olarak Yahudi diasporasının ABD yönetimini ve kamuoyunu etkisi altına aldığına ve ABD’nin Yahudilerin kontrolü altında Almanya’ya karşı savaştığına yönelik algıların karikatürler üzerinden oluşturulmaya çalışıldığı ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ayrımcılık
• Yahudi Diasporası
• Basın
• Antisemitizm
• ABD
• NSDP

Jews in the US in the Nazi Press: Review on the Fliegende Blätter Humor Magazine

Abstract

‘Political communication’, caused by the composition of political history, one of the sub-fields of study that make up the discipline of international relations, with Sociology, the roof of social sciences, consists of different tools that have the characteristics of integrating or separating societies. After the National Socialist German Workers’Party (NSDAP), which came to power as a result of the general elections held in Germany on March 5, 1933, gained power, anti-semitic rhetoric began to find an intense place in the German press. Jews were harshly criticized, especially in humor magazines such as Lustige Blätter, Kladderadatsch and Fliegende Blätter. On the other hand, the Jewish diaspora in the USA was heavily criticized in Fliegende Blätter among these humor magazines. In the study, it was tried to reveal how the Jewish diaspora in the USA was presented in the German press during the NSDAP rule over the cartoons about the Jewish diaspora in Fliegende Blätter. At this stage, the magazine covers of Fliegende Blätter on Jewish diaspora were examined using the semiotics method. It was revealed that the perceptions that the Jewish diaspora influenced the US administration and public opinion and that the USA fought against Germany under the control of the Jews were tried to be made through cartoons as a result of the study.

Keywords

• Dissemination
• Jewish Diaspora
• Press
• Antisemitism
• USA
• NSDP

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