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Evanjelik Hareket ve Radyo Televizyon Yayıncılığı

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 317 - 332, 31.12.2019

Öz

Kitle iletişim araçlarının toplumsal hayatı birçok şekilde etkilediği bir gerçektir. Gelişen teknoloji ile bilginin, geniş kitlelere çok hızlı ulaştırılması özelliği başlangıçtan beri Amerika’da kitle iletişim araçlarının birçok dinî hareket tarafından kullanılması sonucunu doğurmuştur. Bir dini grubun medyada geniş yer tutması popüler kültüre açılan bir pencere görevi görmektedir. Amerika gibi medya odaklı bir ülkede bir dini grubun önemi, basın ve yayında ne kadar yer aldığı ile ölçülmektedir. Evanjelikler, İncil mesajını yaymak anlamına gelen “Büyük Görev” için teknolojiyi kullanmaya özel bir dinî önem vermişlerdir. Evanjelik Hareketin radyoya olan ilgisi ilk radyo yayınlarının ortaya çıkışı ile başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda Evanjelikler radyoyu dini amaçla kullanan, frekans ve yayın hakkı satın alan ilk dini harekettir. 1970lerin sonlarından bu yana medyaya olan ilgi artarak devam etmiştir. Teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle bu inanç eksenli yayın yapma ilgisi, ortaya çıkan televizyon ve sonrasında internet ile devam etmiştir. Günümüzde ise Evanjelikler geniş kitlelere hitabeden oldukça yaygın, etkili ve kaliteli yazılı, işitsel ve görsel yayın ağına sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ABD’de siyaset alanında oldukça etkili olan Evanjeliklerin radyo ve televizyonu hangi amaçla nasıl kullandıklarını ve Evanjelik yayıncılığın ABD’deki tarihi arka planını ortaya koymaktır. Evanjelikalizm bir Anglo-Amerikan fenomeni olmasına rağmen çalışma sadece ABD ile sınırlı kalacaktır. Bu çerçevede çalışmamızda Evanjelikalizmden ve medya ilgisinin teolojik temeli olan Evanjelizmden bahsedilecek, Evanjelik radyo ve televizyonun tarihi süreci ve başlıca Evanjelik yayın ağları nitel bir yaklaşımla incelenecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Astley, J. (2002). Evangelism in education: Impossibility, travesty or necessity?. International Journal of Education and Religion, 3(2), 179-194.
  • Bebbington, D. W. (2003). Evangelicalism in modern Britain: A history from the 1730s to the 1980s. London: Routledge
  • Blake, M. (2005). Stations of the cross, Columbia Journalism Review, (44) 32-39.
  • 10.02.2018 tarihinde http://www.theocracywatch.org/station_cjr_may_05.htm adresinden erişildi.
  • Bloesch, D. G. (1982). Essentials of Evangelical theology Volume II: Life, ministry, and hope. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
  • Bosch, D. J. (1991). Transforming mission: Paradigm shifts in theology of mission. Maryknoll: N.Y. Orbis Books.
  • Bruner, K. (2008). Thinking outside the tribal TV box (ed.) Quentin J. Schultze and Robert H. Woods Jr. Understanding Evangelical Media: The Changing Face of Christian Communication. InterVarsity Press.
  • Creasman, P. A. (2008). Looking beyond radio for listeners (ed.) Quentin J. Schultze and Robert H. Woods Jr. Understanding Evangelical Media: The Changing Face of Christian Communication. InterVarsity Press.
  • Demy, T. J., Paul R. S. (2017). Evangelism, Evangelical America: An encyclopedia of contemporary American religious culture, California: ABC-CLIO.
  • Djupe, P. A., Laura R. O. (2003). Christian broadcasting network (CBN) and the 700 Club, Encyclopedia of American Religion and Politics, 89-9. Facts On File Inc.
  • Fetner, T., Stokes, A., Sanders, C. B. (2013). Evangelical radio in the US and Canada: Public policy and political culture. Conference Papers- American Sociological Association, New York. 10.11.2017 tarihinde http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=4b5c7415-6b2f-4227-9bf1-5178f54a3ca2%40sessionmgr4010 adresinden erişildi.
  • Frazier, C. W., Crawford, B., Chris P. (2011, February). The political pluralisation of American Evangelicals: How old media built a movement, and why the Internet is poised to change it. International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church, 66-78, Vol. 11, No. 1.
  • Güngör, A. İ. (2016). Evanjelikler. İstanbul: İlgi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık.
  • Heller, J. (2013). Televangelism. Salem Press Encyclopedia, 08.08.2017 tarihinde http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=91648317-efdd-4e10-b7f7-fec83ce6c9b3%40sessionmgr4008&bdata=Jmxhbmc9dHImc2l0ZT1lZHMtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=89103141&db=ers adresinden erişildi.
  • Krapohl, R. H., Charles H. L. (1999). The Evangelicals: A historical, thematic, and biographical guide. Wesport Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
  • Kutsal Kitap (2011). Seoul, Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi ve Yeni Yaşam Yayınları.
  • Lochte, B. (2008). Christian radio in a new millennium. Journal of Radio & Audio Media, 15(1), 59-75, 08.02.2018 tarihinde http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19376520801978167 adresinden erişildi.
  • Lule, J. (2010). Understanding media and culture: An introduction to mass communication, 17.02.2018 tarihinde http://open.lib.umn.edu/mediaandculture/chapter/7-2-evolution-of-radio-broadcasting/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Marsden, G. M. (1998). Understanding fundamentalism and Evangelicalism. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids.
  • Marsden, G. M. (2006). Fundamentalism and American culture. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Schultze, Q. J. (2003). Christianity and the mass media in America: Toward a democratic accommodation. Michigan: Michigan State University Press.
  • Treier, D. J., Walter A. E. (2017). Evangelism. Evangelical dictionary of theology, Baker Academic.
  • Werner, D. (2007). Evangelism from a WCC perspective: A recollection of an important ecumenical memory, and the unfolding of a holistic vision. International Review of Mission, 182-203.Vol 96, No.382-383.
  • Willis, J., Barbara W. (2006). Armageddon now: The end of the world A to Z. Canton: Visible Ink Press.
  • CBN resmi web sitesi, 09.08.2017 tarihinde http://www.cbn.com adresinden erişildi.
  • Christian mass media reach more adults with the Christian message than do churches. (2002, July 02), 11.10.2018 tarihinde https://www.barna.com/research/christian-mass-media-reach-more-adults-with-the-christian-message-than-do-churches/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Evangel. (t.y.), Oxford Dictionaries, içinde. 03.04.2014 tarihinde http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/evangel adresinden erişildi.
  • Evangel. (t.y.), Oxford Living Dictionaries, içinde. 16.12.2018 tarihinde https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/evangel adresinden erişildi.
  • Evangelism. (t.y.), World Heritage Encyclopedia, içinde. 31.12.2018 tarihinde http://community.worldebooklibrary.org/Articles/Evangelism?&Words=evangelism adresinden erişildi.
  • NRB resmi web sitesi, 09.08.2017 tarihinde http://nrb.org/about/history/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Religious Broadcasting. (t.y.), Encyclopedia of Religion içinde. 02.08.2017 tarihinde http://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/religious-broadcasting adresinden erişildi.
  • Rex Humbard resmi web sitesi, 05.04.2018 tarihinde https://rexhumbard.org/pastor-rex-humbard/ adresinden erişildi.
  • TBN resmi web sitesi, 18.08.2017 tarihinde https://www.tbn.org/about/history adresinden erişildi.

Evangelical Movement and Radio Television Broadcasting

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 317 - 332, 31.12.2019

Öz

It is a fact that mass media affects social life in many ways. With the developing technology and the fact that information is delivered to the masses very quickly, it has resulted in the use of mass media by many religious movements in America since the beginning. The wide coverage of the religious group in the media serves as a window to the popular culture. In a media-oriented country like America, the importance of a religious group is measured by how much it takes place in the press and publication. Evangelicals have given particular religious importance to use technology for the “Great Commission”, which means spreading the good news. The interest of the Evangelical Movement to radio began with the emergence of the first radio broadcasts. In this context, evangelicals are the first religious movement that uses the radio for religious purposes and buys frequency and broadcasting rights. Since the late 1970s, interest in the media has increased. With the advancement of technology, this beliefbased interest in broadcasting continued with the emergence of television and the internet afterward. Nowadays, Evangelicals have a very widespread and effective written, audio and visual broadcasting network addressing large audiences. The aim of this study is to put forth how the Evangelicals, who are highly effective in the field of politics, use radio and television in the USA and the historical background of Evangelical broadcasting in the USA. Although evangelicalism is an Anglo-American phenomenon, the research will be limited to the USA alone. In this study, the definition of evangelicalism will be introduced. The evangelical theological basis of media interest will be mentioned. The historical background of evangelical radio and television and the main evangelical broadcasting networks will be examined.

Kaynakça

  • Astley, J. (2002). Evangelism in education: Impossibility, travesty or necessity?. International Journal of Education and Religion, 3(2), 179-194.
  • Bebbington, D. W. (2003). Evangelicalism in modern Britain: A history from the 1730s to the 1980s. London: Routledge
  • Blake, M. (2005). Stations of the cross, Columbia Journalism Review, (44) 32-39.
  • 10.02.2018 tarihinde http://www.theocracywatch.org/station_cjr_may_05.htm adresinden erişildi.
  • Bloesch, D. G. (1982). Essentials of Evangelical theology Volume II: Life, ministry, and hope. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
  • Bosch, D. J. (1991). Transforming mission: Paradigm shifts in theology of mission. Maryknoll: N.Y. Orbis Books.
  • Bruner, K. (2008). Thinking outside the tribal TV box (ed.) Quentin J. Schultze and Robert H. Woods Jr. Understanding Evangelical Media: The Changing Face of Christian Communication. InterVarsity Press.
  • Creasman, P. A. (2008). Looking beyond radio for listeners (ed.) Quentin J. Schultze and Robert H. Woods Jr. Understanding Evangelical Media: The Changing Face of Christian Communication. InterVarsity Press.
  • Demy, T. J., Paul R. S. (2017). Evangelism, Evangelical America: An encyclopedia of contemporary American religious culture, California: ABC-CLIO.
  • Djupe, P. A., Laura R. O. (2003). Christian broadcasting network (CBN) and the 700 Club, Encyclopedia of American Religion and Politics, 89-9. Facts On File Inc.
  • Fetner, T., Stokes, A., Sanders, C. B. (2013). Evangelical radio in the US and Canada: Public policy and political culture. Conference Papers- American Sociological Association, New York. 10.11.2017 tarihinde http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=4b5c7415-6b2f-4227-9bf1-5178f54a3ca2%40sessionmgr4010 adresinden erişildi.
  • Frazier, C. W., Crawford, B., Chris P. (2011, February). The political pluralisation of American Evangelicals: How old media built a movement, and why the Internet is poised to change it. International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church, 66-78, Vol. 11, No. 1.
  • Güngör, A. İ. (2016). Evanjelikler. İstanbul: İlgi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık.
  • Heller, J. (2013). Televangelism. Salem Press Encyclopedia, 08.08.2017 tarihinde http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=91648317-efdd-4e10-b7f7-fec83ce6c9b3%40sessionmgr4008&bdata=Jmxhbmc9dHImc2l0ZT1lZHMtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=89103141&db=ers adresinden erişildi.
  • Krapohl, R. H., Charles H. L. (1999). The Evangelicals: A historical, thematic, and biographical guide. Wesport Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
  • Kutsal Kitap (2011). Seoul, Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi ve Yeni Yaşam Yayınları.
  • Lochte, B. (2008). Christian radio in a new millennium. Journal of Radio & Audio Media, 15(1), 59-75, 08.02.2018 tarihinde http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19376520801978167 adresinden erişildi.
  • Lule, J. (2010). Understanding media and culture: An introduction to mass communication, 17.02.2018 tarihinde http://open.lib.umn.edu/mediaandculture/chapter/7-2-evolution-of-radio-broadcasting/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Marsden, G. M. (1998). Understanding fundamentalism and Evangelicalism. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids.
  • Marsden, G. M. (2006). Fundamentalism and American culture. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Schultze, Q. J. (2003). Christianity and the mass media in America: Toward a democratic accommodation. Michigan: Michigan State University Press.
  • Treier, D. J., Walter A. E. (2017). Evangelism. Evangelical dictionary of theology, Baker Academic.
  • Werner, D. (2007). Evangelism from a WCC perspective: A recollection of an important ecumenical memory, and the unfolding of a holistic vision. International Review of Mission, 182-203.Vol 96, No.382-383.
  • Willis, J., Barbara W. (2006). Armageddon now: The end of the world A to Z. Canton: Visible Ink Press.
  • CBN resmi web sitesi, 09.08.2017 tarihinde http://www.cbn.com adresinden erişildi.
  • Christian mass media reach more adults with the Christian message than do churches. (2002, July 02), 11.10.2018 tarihinde https://www.barna.com/research/christian-mass-media-reach-more-adults-with-the-christian-message-than-do-churches/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Evangel. (t.y.), Oxford Dictionaries, içinde. 03.04.2014 tarihinde http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/evangel adresinden erişildi.
  • Evangel. (t.y.), Oxford Living Dictionaries, içinde. 16.12.2018 tarihinde https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/evangel adresinden erişildi.
  • Evangelism. (t.y.), World Heritage Encyclopedia, içinde. 31.12.2018 tarihinde http://community.worldebooklibrary.org/Articles/Evangelism?&Words=evangelism adresinden erişildi.
  • NRB resmi web sitesi, 09.08.2017 tarihinde http://nrb.org/about/history/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Religious Broadcasting. (t.y.), Encyclopedia of Religion içinde. 02.08.2017 tarihinde http://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/religious-broadcasting adresinden erişildi.
  • Rex Humbard resmi web sitesi, 05.04.2018 tarihinde https://rexhumbard.org/pastor-rex-humbard/ adresinden erişildi.
  • TBN resmi web sitesi, 18.08.2017 tarihinde https://www.tbn.org/about/history adresinden erişildi.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hakan Yılmaz 0000-0002-2308-023X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, H. (2019). Evanjelik Hareket ve Radyo Televizyon Yayıncılığı. Journal of Media and Religion Studies, 2(2), 317-332.

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