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The Effects of Magnetic Fields Created by Mobile Phones on In Vitro Embryo Development

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 449 - 455, 24.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1511651

Öz

Aim: The risks to public health of radiofrequency signals emitted by mobile phones, an indispensable part of our daily lives, have begun to be questioned. For this reason, the magnetic field created by a third-generation mobile phone was applied to the embryos obtained by in vitro embryo culture technique during the organogenesis period of the rat embryo and its effect on development was examined.
Material and Method: In our study, 20 adult female rats weighing between 200-300 g and 30 male Wistar albino rats weighing over 300 g were used. The developmental morphology of embryos from the control and experimental groups exposed to magnetic fields for different periods (24 hours, 48 hours) was evaluated.
Results: When the morphological score, yolk sac diameter, crown-rump length and number of somites of embryos exposed to magnetic fields for different periods were compared, the experimental groups regressed compared to the control group.
Conclusion: As a result, it was shown that developmental delays and deformities may occur in embryos depending on the duration of exposure to the magnetic field.

Etik Beyan

The Non-Intervention Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty gave ethical approval (numbered 07/07 and dated 10.10.2007)

Destekleyen Kurum

Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Unit

Proje Numarası

TSY-08-397

Teşekkür

-----

Kaynakça

  • Margaritis LH, Manta AK, Kokkaliaris KD, et al. Drosophila oogenesis as a bio-marker responding to EMF sources. Electromagn Biol Med. 2014;33:165-89.
  • Singh S, Kapoor N. Health implications of electromagnetic fields, mechanisms of action, and research needs. Adv Biol. 2014;2014:198609.
  • Dawson BV, Robertson IG, Wilson WR, et al. Evaluation of potential health effects of 10 kHz magnetic fields: a rodent reproductive study. Bioelectromagnetics. 1998;19:162-71.
  • Berto FH, Al-Hijazi AY. Evaluation of 900 mhz mobile phone effects on palate and tooth germ development in the mouse embryo (histological & immunohistochemical study). J Bagh College Dentistry. 2012;24:39-46.
  • Gautam R, Singh KV, Nirala J, et al. Oxidative stress-mediated alterations on sperm parameters in male Wistar rats exposed to 3G mobile phone radiation. Andrologia. 2019;51:e13201.
  • Sienkiewicz Z. Biological effects of electromagnetic fields and radiation. J Radiol Prot. 1998;18:185-93.
  • CENELEC. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz–3 GHz) 2001.
  • Stasinopoulou M, Fragopoulou AF, Stamatakis A, et al. Effects of pre-and postnatal exposure to 1880-1900MHz DECT base radiation on development in the rat. Reprod Toxicol. 2016;65:248-62.
  • Gye MC, Park CJ. Effect of electromagnetic field exposure on the reproductive system. Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2012;39:1-9.
  • Frey AH. Headaches from cellular telephones: are they real and what are the implications?. Environ Health Perspect. 1998;106:101-3.
  • Kaplan S, Deniz OG, Onger ME, et al. Electromagnetic field and brain development. J Chem Neuroanat. 2016;75:52-61.
  • Altun G, Kaplan S, Deniz OG, et al. Protective effects of melatonin and omega-3 on the hippocampus and the cerebellum of adult Wistar albino rats exposed to electromagnetic fields. J Microsc Ultrastruct. 2017;5:230-41. Deniz OG, Kaplan S, Selçuk MB, et al. Effects of short and long-term electromagnetic fields exposure on the human hippocampus. J Microsc Ultrastruct. 2017;5:191-7.
  • Aldad TS, Gan G, Gao XB, Taylor HS. Fetal radiofrequency radiation exposure from 800-1900 mhz-rated cellular telephones affects neurodevelopment and behavior in mice. Sci Rep. 2012;2:312. Erratum in: Sci Rep. 2013;3:1320.
  • Akdag M, Dasdag S, Canturk F, Akdag MZ. Exposure to non-ionising electromagnetic fields emitted from mobile phones induced DNA damage in human ear canal hair follicle cells. Electromagn Biol Med. 2018;37:66-75.
  • Balci M, Devrim E, Durak I. Effects of mobile phones on oxidant/antioxidant balance in cornea and lens of rats. Curr Eye Res. 2007;32:21-5.
  • Mugunthan N, Anbalagan J, Meenachi S, Shanmuga Samy A. Exposure of mice to 900-1900 MHz radiations from cell phone resulting in microscopic changes in the kidney. Int J Cur Res Rev. 2014;6:44-9.
  • Mugunthan N, Anbalagan J, Meenachi S, Rajanarayanan S. Structural changes observed in mice liver due to chronic exposure of 1900-2200 MHz radiations emitted from mobile phone. Int J Anat Res. 2019;7:6254-60.
  • D'Silva MH, Swer RT, Anbalagan J, Rajesh B. Effect of radiofrequency radiation emitted from 2G and 3G cell phone on developing liver of chick embryo-A comparative study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11:AC05-9.
  • New DAT. Whole embryo culture and the study of mammalian embryos during organogenesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 1978;53:81-122.
  • Van Maele-Fabry G, Delhaise F, Picard JJ. Morphogenesis and quantification of the development of post-implantation mouse embryos in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro. 1990;4:149-56.
  • Bas O, Sönmez OF, Aslan A, et al. Pyramidal cell loss in the cornuammonis of 32-day-old female rats following exposure to a 900 megahertz electromagnetic field during prenatal days 13-21. Neuro Quantology. 2013;11:591-9.
  • Şahin A, Aslan A, Baş O, et al. Deleterious impacts of a 900-MHz electromagnetic field on hippocampal pyramidal neurons of 8-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats. Brain Res. 2015;1624:232-8.
  • Bas O, Odaci E, Mollaoglu H, et al. Chronic prenatal exposure to the 900 megahertz electromagnetic field induces pyramidal cell loss in the hippocampus of newborn rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 2009;25:377-84.
  • Salford LG, Brun AE, Eberhardt JL, et al. Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones. Environ Health Perspect. 2003;111:881-3.
  • Nittby H, Brun A, Eberhardt J, et al. Increased blood-brain barrier permeability in mammalian brain 7 days after exposure to the radiation from a GSM-900 mobile phone. Pathophysiology. 2009;16:103-12.
  • Jin SW, Beis D, Mitchell T, et al. Cellular and molecular analyses of vascular tube and lumen formation in zebrafish. Development. 2005;132:5199-209.
  • Bouten RM, Young EF, Selwyn R, et al. Effects of radiation on endothelial barrier and vascular integrity. In Tissue Barriers in Disease, Injury and Regeneration; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2021;43-94.
  • Çelik S, Aridogan IA, Izol V, et al. An evaluation of the effects of long-term cell phone use on the testes via light and electron microscope analysis. Urology. 2012;79:346-50.
  • Mercantepe T, Topçu A, Rakıcı S, et al. The radioprotective effect of N-acetylcysteine against x-radiation-induced renal injury in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019;26:29085-94.
  • Borzoueisileh S, Shabestani Monfared A, Ghorbani H, et al. Combined effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and X-Ray in renal tissue and function. Res Rep Urol. 2020;29:12:527-32.
  • Türedi S, Hancı H, Topal Z, et al. The effects of prenatal exposure to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-day-old male rat heart. Electromagn Biol Med. 2015;34:390-7.
  • Kiray A, Tayefi H, Kiray M, et al. The effects of exposure to electromagnetic field on rat myocardium. Toxicol Ind Health. 2013;29:418-25.
  • Adebayo EA, Adeeyo AO, Ogundiran MA, Olabisi O. Bio-physical effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on blood parameters, spermatozoa, liver, kidney and heart of albino rats. J King Saud Univ- Sci. 2019;31:813-21.
  • Ongel K, Mergen H, Gürbüz T. Elektrik çarpmalarına yaklaşım: literatür taraması. Dirim Tıp. 2007;82:369-401. Salahaldin AH, Bener A. Long-term and frequent cellular phone use and risk of acoustic neuroma. Int Tinnitus J. 2006;12:145-8.
  • Balcıoglu E, Baran M, Nisari M, et al. Ionizing radiation effects in vitro study; using the rat whole embryo culture model. Gevher Nesibe Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2022;6:91-100.
  • D’Silva MH, Swer RT, Anbalagan J, Bhargavan R. Effect of ultrahigh frequency radiation emitted from 2G cell phone on developing lens of chick embryo: a histological study. Advances in Anatomy. 2014;1–9.
  • Demirel S, Doganay S, Turkoz Y, et al. Effects of third generation mobile phone-emitted electromagnetic radiation on oxidative stress parameters in eye tissue and blood of rats. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2012;31:89-94.
Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 449 - 455, 24.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.37990/medr.1511651

Öz

Proje Numarası

TSY-08-397

Kaynakça

  • Margaritis LH, Manta AK, Kokkaliaris KD, et al. Drosophila oogenesis as a bio-marker responding to EMF sources. Electromagn Biol Med. 2014;33:165-89.
  • Singh S, Kapoor N. Health implications of electromagnetic fields, mechanisms of action, and research needs. Adv Biol. 2014;2014:198609.
  • Dawson BV, Robertson IG, Wilson WR, et al. Evaluation of potential health effects of 10 kHz magnetic fields: a rodent reproductive study. Bioelectromagnetics. 1998;19:162-71.
  • Berto FH, Al-Hijazi AY. Evaluation of 900 mhz mobile phone effects on palate and tooth germ development in the mouse embryo (histological & immunohistochemical study). J Bagh College Dentistry. 2012;24:39-46.
  • Gautam R, Singh KV, Nirala J, et al. Oxidative stress-mediated alterations on sperm parameters in male Wistar rats exposed to 3G mobile phone radiation. Andrologia. 2019;51:e13201.
  • Sienkiewicz Z. Biological effects of electromagnetic fields and radiation. J Radiol Prot. 1998;18:185-93.
  • CENELEC. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz–3 GHz) 2001.
  • Stasinopoulou M, Fragopoulou AF, Stamatakis A, et al. Effects of pre-and postnatal exposure to 1880-1900MHz DECT base radiation on development in the rat. Reprod Toxicol. 2016;65:248-62.
  • Gye MC, Park CJ. Effect of electromagnetic field exposure on the reproductive system. Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2012;39:1-9.
  • Frey AH. Headaches from cellular telephones: are they real and what are the implications?. Environ Health Perspect. 1998;106:101-3.
  • Kaplan S, Deniz OG, Onger ME, et al. Electromagnetic field and brain development. J Chem Neuroanat. 2016;75:52-61.
  • Altun G, Kaplan S, Deniz OG, et al. Protective effects of melatonin and omega-3 on the hippocampus and the cerebellum of adult Wistar albino rats exposed to electromagnetic fields. J Microsc Ultrastruct. 2017;5:230-41. Deniz OG, Kaplan S, Selçuk MB, et al. Effects of short and long-term electromagnetic fields exposure on the human hippocampus. J Microsc Ultrastruct. 2017;5:191-7.
  • Aldad TS, Gan G, Gao XB, Taylor HS. Fetal radiofrequency radiation exposure from 800-1900 mhz-rated cellular telephones affects neurodevelopment and behavior in mice. Sci Rep. 2012;2:312. Erratum in: Sci Rep. 2013;3:1320.
  • Akdag M, Dasdag S, Canturk F, Akdag MZ. Exposure to non-ionising electromagnetic fields emitted from mobile phones induced DNA damage in human ear canal hair follicle cells. Electromagn Biol Med. 2018;37:66-75.
  • Balci M, Devrim E, Durak I. Effects of mobile phones on oxidant/antioxidant balance in cornea and lens of rats. Curr Eye Res. 2007;32:21-5.
  • Mugunthan N, Anbalagan J, Meenachi S, Shanmuga Samy A. Exposure of mice to 900-1900 MHz radiations from cell phone resulting in microscopic changes in the kidney. Int J Cur Res Rev. 2014;6:44-9.
  • Mugunthan N, Anbalagan J, Meenachi S, Rajanarayanan S. Structural changes observed in mice liver due to chronic exposure of 1900-2200 MHz radiations emitted from mobile phone. Int J Anat Res. 2019;7:6254-60.
  • D'Silva MH, Swer RT, Anbalagan J, Rajesh B. Effect of radiofrequency radiation emitted from 2G and 3G cell phone on developing liver of chick embryo-A comparative study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11:AC05-9.
  • New DAT. Whole embryo culture and the study of mammalian embryos during organogenesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 1978;53:81-122.
  • Van Maele-Fabry G, Delhaise F, Picard JJ. Morphogenesis and quantification of the development of post-implantation mouse embryos in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro. 1990;4:149-56.
  • Bas O, Sönmez OF, Aslan A, et al. Pyramidal cell loss in the cornuammonis of 32-day-old female rats following exposure to a 900 megahertz electromagnetic field during prenatal days 13-21. Neuro Quantology. 2013;11:591-9.
  • Şahin A, Aslan A, Baş O, et al. Deleterious impacts of a 900-MHz electromagnetic field on hippocampal pyramidal neurons of 8-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats. Brain Res. 2015;1624:232-8.
  • Bas O, Odaci E, Mollaoglu H, et al. Chronic prenatal exposure to the 900 megahertz electromagnetic field induces pyramidal cell loss in the hippocampus of newborn rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 2009;25:377-84.
  • Salford LG, Brun AE, Eberhardt JL, et al. Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones. Environ Health Perspect. 2003;111:881-3.
  • Nittby H, Brun A, Eberhardt J, et al. Increased blood-brain barrier permeability in mammalian brain 7 days after exposure to the radiation from a GSM-900 mobile phone. Pathophysiology. 2009;16:103-12.
  • Jin SW, Beis D, Mitchell T, et al. Cellular and molecular analyses of vascular tube and lumen formation in zebrafish. Development. 2005;132:5199-209.
  • Bouten RM, Young EF, Selwyn R, et al. Effects of radiation on endothelial barrier and vascular integrity. In Tissue Barriers in Disease, Injury and Regeneration; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2021;43-94.
  • Çelik S, Aridogan IA, Izol V, et al. An evaluation of the effects of long-term cell phone use on the testes via light and electron microscope analysis. Urology. 2012;79:346-50.
  • Mercantepe T, Topçu A, Rakıcı S, et al. The radioprotective effect of N-acetylcysteine against x-radiation-induced renal injury in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019;26:29085-94.
  • Borzoueisileh S, Shabestani Monfared A, Ghorbani H, et al. Combined effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and X-Ray in renal tissue and function. Res Rep Urol. 2020;29:12:527-32.
  • Türedi S, Hancı H, Topal Z, et al. The effects of prenatal exposure to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-day-old male rat heart. Electromagn Biol Med. 2015;34:390-7.
  • Kiray A, Tayefi H, Kiray M, et al. The effects of exposure to electromagnetic field on rat myocardium. Toxicol Ind Health. 2013;29:418-25.
  • Adebayo EA, Adeeyo AO, Ogundiran MA, Olabisi O. Bio-physical effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on blood parameters, spermatozoa, liver, kidney and heart of albino rats. J King Saud Univ- Sci. 2019;31:813-21.
  • Ongel K, Mergen H, Gürbüz T. Elektrik çarpmalarına yaklaşım: literatür taraması. Dirim Tıp. 2007;82:369-401. Salahaldin AH, Bener A. Long-term and frequent cellular phone use and risk of acoustic neuroma. Int Tinnitus J. 2006;12:145-8.
  • Balcıoglu E, Baran M, Nisari M, et al. Ionizing radiation effects in vitro study; using the rat whole embryo culture model. Gevher Nesibe Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2022;6:91-100.
  • D’Silva MH, Swer RT, Anbalagan J, Bhargavan R. Effect of ultrahigh frequency radiation emitted from 2G cell phone on developing lens of chick embryo: a histological study. Advances in Anatomy. 2014;1–9.
  • Demirel S, Doganay S, Turkoz Y, et al. Effects of third generation mobile phone-emitted electromagnetic radiation on oxidative stress parameters in eye tissue and blood of rats. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2012;31:89-94.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Anatomi
Bölüm Özgün Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nihal Gürlek Çelik 0000-0002-1204-2668

Harun Ülger 0000-0003-3893-6341

Mehtap Nisari 0000-0002-1126-7478

Proje Numarası TSY-08-397
Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 27 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

AMA Gürlek Çelik N, Ülger H, Nisari M. The Effects of Magnetic Fields Created by Mobile Phones on In Vitro Embryo Development. Med Records. Eylül 2024;6(3):449-455. doi:10.37990/medr.1511651

 Chief Editors

Assoc. Prof. Zülal Öner
Address: İzmir Bakırçay University, Department of Anatomy, İzmir, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Deniz Şenol
Address: Düzce University, Department of Anatomy, Düzce, Turkey

E-mail: medrecsjournal@gmail.com

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