Documentation of Stone Material Deterioration in Masonry Buildings by Terrestrial Laser Scanning Method: A Case Study of Traditional Silvan Mansion

Öz

The Silvan District of Diyarbakır, which is the subject of the study, is a settlement that contains the intangible and tangible elements of traditional urban culture. Despite the creation of the Silvan walls protection area in 1990, the conservation plan for Silvan has not been prepared yet. The fact that the inside of the city wall is not declared a protected area and the registration procedures start too late; It has caused the demolition of many houses, the construction of unqualified additions and even reinforced concrete construction, and the unconscious intervention caused by human effects has accelerated the wear of traditional structures. The aim of this study is to identify and document the material deterioration of the Silvan Mansion, which reflects the characteristics of traditional Silvan houses, by combining the data obtained by various techniques from terrestrial laser scanning with the data obtained from on-site inspection. The preservation of the building is important for the continuity of the cultural heritage of traditional Silvan houses. Observational detection, photographic documentation and terrestrial laser scanning methods were used in the study. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the most common problems are the failures caused by faulty repairs and lack of maintenance. It is seen that the intervention with cement-based mortar, which is the unconscious process of repairing material losses, especially on the facades, disrupts the visual perception of the building and also damages the stone material. The results of the study support the fact that terrestrial laser scanner shows great benefits in the field of different damage expenditures where there are materials that do not contain any contact content and biological changes materials such as moisture, salt, algae and so on, and that high accuracy and speed have been gained in the detection of these experiences.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Remote sensing
• UAV
• Photogrammetry
• DEM
• Camera Calibration

Kagir Yapılardaki Taş Malzeme Bozulmalarının Lidar Tarama Yöntemi ile Belgelenmesi: Geleneksel Silvan Konağı Vaka Çalışması

Öz

Diyarbakır’ın Silvan İlçesi, geleneksel kent kültürünün soyut ve somut unsurlarını barındıran bir yerleşimdir. 1990 yılında Silvan surları koruma alanı oluşturulmasına rağmen, Silvan koruma amaçlı imar planı hala yapılmamıştır. Sur içinin sit alanı ilan edilmemesi ve tescil işlemlerinin çok geç başlaması; birçok evin yıkılmasına, niteliksiz eklerin yapılmasına hatta betonarme yapılaşmaya neden olmuş ve insan etkileri ile oluşan bilinçsiz müdahale geleneksel yapıların yıpranmasını hızlandırmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı yersel lazer taramadan çeşitli tekniklerle elde edilen verileri yerinde incelemeden elde edilen verilerle birleştirerek geleneksel Silvan evlerinin özelliklerini yansıtan Silvan Konağı’na dair malzeme bozulmalarını tespit etmek ve belgelemektir. Yapının korunması geleneksel Silvan evleri kültürel mirasının devamlılığı noktasında önemlidir. Çalışmada gözlemsel tespit, fotoğrafla belgeleme ve yersel lazer tarama yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda konutta hatalı onarım ve bakımsızlık kaynaklı bozulmaların en sık rastlanan sorunlar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle cephelerde malzeme kayıplarını onarım amaçlı yapılan bilinçsizce işlemler olan çimento esaslı harç ile müdahale yapının görsel algısını bozduğu gibi taş malzemeye de zarar verdiği görülmektedir. Çalışma sonuçları, yersel lazer tarayıcının hiçbir temas söz konusu olmaksızın malzemelerin ve nem, tuz, yosun ve liken gibi biyolojik değişiklikler malzemeleri etkileyen farklı hasar türlerinin dokümantasyonu alanında büyük faydalar gösterdiği, bu yöntemle tespitinde yüksek doğruluk ve hız kazanıldığı olgularına destek vermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yersel Lazer Tarama
• Kültürel Miras
• Taş Malzeme
• Malzeme Sorunları
• Ortofoto

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