EFFECTS OF CADMIUM AND NICKEL ON EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF FISH: A REVIEW

Öz

In fish embryos, a variety of abnormalities have been found, including stunted growth, a reduced survival rate, and aberrant development. One plausible explanation is that early embryonic stages are more sensitive. Embryonic studies provide additional information regarding the various impacts of heavy metals on fish, but information on larval abnormalities caused by waterborne metals is lacking. It is found that cadmium (Cd) causes a decrease in thyroid hormone levels as well as a disruption in fish growth hormone expression. Similarly, negative health effects have been documented as a result of nickel (Ni) exposure. Some toxic effects on organs, skin irritation, skin itches or blisters and allergic reactions may occur as a result of Ni exposure. This review study focuses on the impacts of Cd and Ni, on the embryonic development of different fish species. The evidence on abnormalities in fish larvae caused by Cd and Ni was also provided in text.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cadmium
• nickel
• embryonic development
• abnormalities
• fish larvae

Effects of Cadmium and Nickel on Embryonic Development of Fish: A Review

Öz

Balık embriyolarında, büyümenin engellenmesi, düşük yaşama oranı ve anormal gelişmenin de dahil olduğu çeşitli anormallikler bulunmuştur. Bunun makul bir açıklaması ise, erken embriyonik aşamaların daha hassas olması olabilir. Embriyonik çalışmalar, ağır metallerin balıklar üzerindeki çeşitli etkileri hakkında bilgi sağlamaktadır, ancak suda taşınan metallerin neden olduğu larva anormallikleri hakkında bilgiler eksik kalmıştır. Kadmiyumun (Cd) balık büyüme hormonu ekspresyonunda bozulmaya ek olarak tiroid hormon düzeylerinde azalmaya neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Benzer şekilde, nikele (Ni) maruz kalmanın bir sonucu olarak olumsuz sağlık etkileri de belgelenmiştir. Ni'ye maruz kalmanın bir sonucu olarak organlar üzerinde, cilt tahrişi, cilt kaşıntıları veya kabarcıkları ile alerjik reaksiyonlar gibi bazı toksik etkiler meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu derleme çalışması, Cd ve Ni'nin farklı balık türlerinin embriyonik gelişimi üzerindeki etkilerine odaklanmaktadır. Cd ve Ni'nin neden olduğu balık larvalarındaki anormalliklere ilişkin kanıtlar da metin içinde verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kadmiyum
• Nikel
• Embriyonik gelişme
• abnormaliteler
• balık larvası

Kaynakça

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