Kuraklık ve Biyoçar Uygulamalarının Türk Fındığı Fidanlarında Bazı Morfolojik ve Fizyolojik Parametrelere Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada farklı kuraklık stresine (farklı sulama miktarı) ve biyokömür uygulamalarına maruz bırakılan 3 yaşındaki Türk fındığı fidanlardaki bazı morfolojik ve fizyolojik parametrelere verdiği tepkiler değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Önemli bir tarımsal ürün olan fındık, küresel iklim değişikliği nedeniyle kuraklıktan giderek daha fazla etkilenmektedir. Bu etkileri azaltmak için biyokömür uygulamalaru ve derin köklü fındık sistemlerinin benimsenmesi dikkat çekmektedir. Çalışmada fideler çeşitli seviyelerde sulama ve biyokömür uygulamalarına maruz bırakılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, kuraklığa maruz kalan bireylerde göreceli boy (RHG) ve çap büyümesinin (RDG) kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük olduğu, biyokömür uygulamasının ise RHG’nde bir etkisinin olmadığı ancak RDG’ni olumsuz yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Her iki faktörün etkileşimi altında hem RHG hemde RDG’sinin azalan sulama miktarıyla genel olarak azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Fizyolojik parametrelerden yaprak gaz değişim parametreleri (E, gs, Anet, WUE, iWUE, Ci/Ca) ile bağıl su içeriği (RWC) değerlendirildiğinde uygulamalar bazında sulamanın etkisinin olduğu ama biyokömürün bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Her iki faktörün etkisi altında ise kurak stresine maruz kalan fidanların daha az net fotosentez (Anet) ve stoma iletkenliği (gs) değerlerine sahipken diğer fotosentez parametrelerinde istatistiki bir farklılık tespit edilememiştir. Ayrıca, klorofil ile karoten miktarları düşük sulamayla genellikle daha düşük çıkmıştır. Biyokömür dozunun artışı fidanlardaki bu değerlerin azalmasına sebep olmuştur. Genel olarak, Türk fındığının morfoloji ve fizyolojisi üzerinde suyun biyokömür’den daha fazla etkisi olduğu söylenebilir. Ancak, bu sonuçların çalışma süresinin kısıtlı olması ve biyokömür uygulamasının plastik tüplerdeki fidanların toprak yüzeyinden yapılmasından kaynaklanabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Klorofil
• iklim değişikliği
• Corylus colurna
• biyokömür
• fotosentez

Effects of Drought and Biochar Treatments on Some Morphological and Physiological Parameters in Turkish Hazelnut Seedlings

Öz

This study investigates the responses of 3-year-old Turkish hazelnut (Corylus colurna) seedlings to drought stress and biochar treatments, focusing on critical morphological and physiological parameters. Hazelnut, an important agricultural crop, is increasingly affected by drought due to global climate change. To mitigate these effects, biochar and the adoption of deep-rooted hazelnut systems have gained attention. The study exposed seedlings to varying levels of irrigation and biochar treatments. Results show that drought stress significantly reduced relative height growth (RHG) and relative diameter growth (RDG), while biochar had no effect on RHG and negatively impacted RDG. Decreased irrigation consistently lowered both RHG and RDG. Physiological assessments, including leaf gas exchange parameters (E, gs, Anet, WUE, iWUE, Ci/Ca) and relative water content (RWC), revealed that drought influenced these variables, whereas biochar showed no significant effect. Drought-stressed seedlings exhibited lower net photosynthesis (Anet) and stomatal conductance (gs), with no notable differences in other photosynthesis-related parameters. Chlorophyll and carotene levels also decreased under low irrigation; higher biochar doses exacerbated these reductions. Overall, the study underscores the paramount importance of water availability in hazelnut cultivation, as it had a more pronounced impact on hazelnut morphology and physiology than biochar, though the limited study duration and surface biochar treatment may have influenced these results.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Chlorophyll
• climate change
• Corylus colurna
• biochar
• photosynthesis

Kaynakça

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