Gene Expression Analysis in Freshwater Mussels (Unio stevenianus) Collected from Pollutant-Associated Environment

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 1 - 7, 28.12.2023

Ertuğrul Kankaya , Ataman Altuğ Atıcı

https://doi.org/10.58626/menba.1358877

Öz

Common pollutants found in rivers include sewage, pesticides, heavy metals, nutrients from agricultural runoff, and pathogens. The resulting pollution can alter the physiological processes of living systems and cause environmental stress in aquatic environments. The need to monitor the effects of pollution in aquatic ecosystems has been driven by environmental and human health concerns. Freshwater mussels, which play an important role in freshwater ecosystems, are constantly exposed to a wide variety of contaminants as filter feeders. The sessile nature of mussels and their relatively long life span make them useful indicator species for monitoring and assessment of water quality. The aim of this study is to determine physiological stress in Unio stevenianus living in Karasu river, whose pollution level is increasing daily, by Cox gene expression. Real-time PCR analysis using β-actin as a reference gene was used for gene expression. The expression level of the Cox gene was higher in the Zeve region than in the Arısu region. The lower level in Arısu region indicates that water quality criteria are better in this region than in Zeve region. Expression studies should be carried out in U. stevenianus by selecting different genes specific to certain pollutants.

Anahtar Kelimeler

bioindicator, cox gene, karasu river, real-time PCR

Kaynakça

• Acarlı, S., Vural, P., & Yıldız, H. (2023). An assessment of the cultivation potential and suitability for human consumption of Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) from the Yalova coast of the Marmara Sea. Menba Journal of Fisheries Faculty, 9(1), 12‒24. https://doi.org/10.58626/menba.1282775
• Atıcı, A. A. (2020). A research on detergent, boron, chemical and biological oxygen demand with the levels of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds in Karasu Stream (Van). International Engineering and Natural Sciences Conference (IENSC), Türkiye, pp. 43‒46.
• Atici, A. A. (2022). The first evidence of microplastic uptake in natural freshwater mussel, Unio stevenianus from Karasu River, Turkey. Biomarkers, 27(2), 118‒126. https://doi.org/10.1080/1354750X.2021.2020335
• Atıcı, A. A., Elp, M., & Şen, F. (2018). The effects of sand pits and sand extractions region on Karasu Stream (Van) to water quality criteria. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(10), 6583‒6590.
• Banni, M., Dondero, F., Jebali, J., Guerbej, H., Boussetta, H., & Viarengo, A. (2007). Assessment of heavy metal contamination using real-time pcr analysis of mussel metallothionein mt10 and mt20 expression: A validation along the Tunisian Coast. Biomarkers, 12(4), 369‒383. https://doi.org/10.1080/13547500701217061
• Çetinkaya, O. (1996). A freshwater mussel species Unio stevenianus Krynicki 1837 (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionidae) from the River Karasu flowing into Lake Van, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 20(2), 169‒173.
• Chandrasekharan, N. V., & Simmons, D. L. (2004). The cyclooxygenases. Genome Biology, 5, 241. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2004-5-9-241
• Cubero-Leon, E., Ciocan, C. M., Hill, E. M., Osada, M., Kishida, M., Itoh, N., Kondo, R., Minier, C., & Rotchell, J. M. (2010). Estrogens disrupt serotonin receptor and cyclooxygenase mRNA expression in the gonads of mussels (Mytilus edulis). Aquatic Toxicology, 98(2), 178‒187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.02.007
• Dondero, F., Dagnino, A., Jonsson, H., Capri, F., Gastaldi, L., & Viarengo, A. (2006). Assessing the occurrence of a stress syndrome in mussels (Mytilus edulis) using a combined biomarker/gene expression approach. Aquatic Toxicology, 78, 13‒24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.02.025
• Franzellitti, S., Buratti, S., Donnini, F., & Fabbri, E. (2010). Exposure of mussels to a polluted environment: insights into the stress syndrome development. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C, 154(1), 24‒33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.02.010
• Gagne, F., Gagnon, C., Turcotte, P., & Blaise, C. (2007). Changes in metallothionein levels in freshwater mussels exposed to urban wastewaters: Effects from exposure to heavy metals? Biomarker Insights, 2, 107‒116. https://doi.org/10.1177/1177271907002000
• Hanana, H., Turcotte, P., Dube, M., Gagnon, C., & Gagne, F. (2018). Response of the freshwater mussel, Dreissena polymorpha to sub-lethal concentrations of samarium and yttrium after chronic exposure. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 165, 662‒670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.047
• Haukenes, K. (2013). Genotoxic effects of PFOA and fluoranthene on blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Master Thesis. Oslo University, Oslo, Norway.
• Joyon, M. H. (2020). Transcriptomic analysis on freshwater mussels for identification of potential biomarkers to monitor water ecosystems. Master Thesis. Skövde University, Skövde, Sweden.
• Kankaya, E., & Atıcı, A. A. (2023). Biochemical effects of environmental pollutants in Alburnus timarensis (Kuru, 1980) and Capoeta kosswigi (Karaman, 1969) caught from the Karasu River (Van). 10th International Zeugma Conference on Scientific Research, Türkiye, p. 311.
• Kerambrun, E., Rioult, D., Delahaut, L., Evariste, L., Pain-Devin, S., Auffret, M., Geffard, A., & David, E. (2016). Variations in gene expression levels in four european zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, populations in relation to metal bioaccumulation: A field study. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 134, 53‒63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.08.018
• Klishko, O., Lopes-Lima, M., Froufe, E., Bogan, A., Vasiliev, L., & Yanovich, L. (2017). Taxonomic reassessment of the freshwater mussel genus Unio (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Russia and Ukraine based on morphological and molecular data. Zootaxa, 4286(1), 93‒112. https://doi.org/10.11646/ZOOTAXA.4286.1.4
• Mehni, F. (2021). Genomic Sequencing of Freshwater Mussel Unio tumidus using the Minion. Master Thesis. Skövde University, Skövde, Sweden.
• Önalan, Ş. (2019). Expression differences of stress and immunity genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) with different bacterial fish diseases. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 71. 1‒10.
• Önalan, Ş., Çevik, M. (2020). Investigation of the effects of some phytochemicals on Yersinia ruckeri and antimicrobial resistance. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 80(4), 934‒942. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.234969
• Roznere, I., Sinn, B. T., & Watters, G. T. (2018). The Amblema plicata transcriptome as a resource to assess environmental impacts on freshwater mussels. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation, 21(2), 57‒64. https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc.v21i2.2018.57–64
• Schwartz, K., Henzel, M. K., Ann Richmond, M., Zindle, J. K., Seton, J. M., Lemmer, D. P., Alvarado, N., & Bogie, K. M. (2020). Biomarkers for recurrent pressure injury risk in persons with spinal cord injury. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 43(5), 696‒703. https://doi.org/10.1080/10790268.2019.1645406
• Viarengo, A., Lowe, D., Bolognesi, C., Fabbri, E., & Koehler, A. (2007). The use of biomarkers in biomonitoring: a 2-tier approach assessing the level of pollutant-induced stress syndrome in sentinel organisms. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C, 146(3), 281‒300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.04.011
• Woo, S., Denis, V., Won, H., Shin, K., Lee, G., Lee, T. K., & Yum, S. (2013). Expressions of oxidative stress-related genes and antioxidant enzyme activities in Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bivalvia, Mollusca) exposed to hypoxia. Zoological Studies, 52, 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1810-522X-52-15
• Xie, X., Huang, Z., Lv, W., Zhu, H., Hui, G., Li, R., Lei, X., & Li, Z. (2023). Influence of nitrogen application rate on the importance of NO3--N and NH4+-N transfer via extramycelia of Arbuscular mycorrhiza to tomato with expression of LeNRT2.3 and LeAMT1.1. Plants, 12(2), 314. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12020314