Özel Eğitimde Yeni Bir Uygulama: TAGteach Nedir ve Nasıl Uygulanır?

Öz

Uygulamalı davranış analizinde davranışta degişikliği sağlamanın yollarından biri de koşullu pekiştirmedir. Koşullu pekistirmeye dayalı bir uygulamalardan biri de kısaca TAGteach olarak adlandırılan sesli uyaranla öğretimdir. Alanyazına bakildiginda gerek bilimsel araștırmalarda gerekse özel eğitim çalışmalarında TAGteach’in tipik gelișen bireylerde dans, spor, ameliyata hazırlık; özel gereksinimli bireylerdeyse bu becerilerin yanı sıra bağcık bağlama, sözcük okuma, uygun yürüyüş yapma gibi çesitli becerilerin öğretiminde kullanıldığı ve etkili oldugu görülmektedir. TAGteach’in etkili bir uygulama olmasının yani uygulamacılar için kullanım kolaylığı ve ekstra hazırlık gerektirmemesi gibi avantajları da bulunmaktadır. Bu avantajlara karşın yapılan çalışmaların sınırlı olduğu ve yeni çalışmalara gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Çalışmaları arttırmanın bir yolu da kuşkusuz farklı ülke, uygulamacı ve araştırma ekibinin de bu uygulama hakkında derinlemesine bilgi sahibi olması ve uygulamasıyla sağlanır. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmanın amacı ülkemizde gerek kuramsal gerekse de uygulamalı araștırmalarda hakkında bilgi sahibi olunmayan TAGteach’i bilgilendirici ve uygulamalı olarak örneklerle açıklamaktır. Bu çalışmanın genel olarak araştırmacılara, genel olarak bütün bireylerle özel olarak ise özel gereksinimli bireylerle çalışan uygulamacılara rehber niteliğinde olması umulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• TAGteach
• edimsel koşullama
• kliker eğitimi
• sesli uyaran.

A New Application in Special Education: TAGteach What is it? How to Apply

Öz

: In applied behavior analysis, one of the ways to ensure a behavior change is conditional reinforcement. One of the applications based on conditional reinforcement is teaching with auditory stimuli, which is called TAGteach for short. A review of the literature shows that TAGteach is used and effective in both scientific research and special education studies in teaching various skills such as dance, sports, and preparation for surgery in typically developing individuals moreover tying shoelaces, reading words, and walking appropriately in individuals with special needs. TAGteach has advantages (being an effective application, ease of use for implementers and not requiring extra preparation). Despite advantages, studies are limited, and new studies are needed. One way to increase the number of studies is undoubtedly to ensure that different countries, implementers, and research teams have in-depth knowledge about this application and apply it. In this direction, this study aims to explain TAGteach, which is not known in both theoretical and applied research in our country, in an informative and practical way with examples. It is hoped that this study will serve as a guide for researchers in general and implementers working with all individuals in general and with individuals with special needs in particular.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• TAGteach
• operant conditioning
• clicker training
• auditory stimulus.

Kaynakça

1. Arnall, R., Griffith, A. K., Flynn, S., & Bonavita, L. (2019) Using modified TAGteach procedures in increasing skill acquisition of dance movements for a child with multiple diagnoses. Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 3(3), 325-333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41252-019-00119-9
2. Balesteri, M. (2021). The effects of two feedback methods for teaching yoga poses [Yüksek lisans tezi, California State University]. https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/downloads/fj236748t
3. Cabrera, L. G. (2020). Assessing TAGteach methodology to improve oral reading assessing tagteach methodology to improve oral reading fluency in english learners [Yüksek lisans tezi, Rollins College]. https://scholarship.rollins.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1026&context=mabacs_thesis
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5. Dorey, N. R., & Cox, D. J. (2018). Function matters: A review of terminological differences in applied and basic clicker training research. PeerJ, 6, e5621. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5621
6. Ennett, T. M., Zonneveld K. L. M., Thomson K. M., Vause, T., & Ditor, D. (2020). Comparison of two TAGteach error-correction procedures to teach beginner yoga poses to adults. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 53(1), 222-236. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.550
7. Ferritor, D.E., Buckholdt, D., Hamblin, R.L. & Smith, L. (1972). The noneffects of contingent reinforcement for attending behavior on work accomplished. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 5(1), 7-17. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1972.5-7
8. Fogel, V. A., Weil, T. M., & Burris, H. (2010). Evaluating the efficacy of TAGteach as a training strategy for teaching a golf swing. Journal of Behavioral Health and Medicine, 1(1), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0100539 McKeon, T. (2018). Don’t nag. TAG! Success the first time with TAGteach. 529 Books.

9. Persicke, A., Jackson, M., & Adams, A. (2014). An evaluation of TAGteach components to decrease toe-walking in a 4-year-old child with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(4), 965-968. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1934-4
10. Pryor, K., Haag, R. & O’Rielly, J. (1969). The creative porpoise: training for novel behaviors. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 12(4), 653-661. https://10.1901/jeab.1969.12-653
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13. Quinn, M. J., Miltenberger, R. G., & Fogel, V. A. (2015). Using TAGteach to improve the proficiency of dance movements. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 48(1), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.191
14. Skinner, B. F. (1951). How to teach animals. Scientific American, 185(6), 26-29.
15. TAGteach International (2 Şubat, 2014). Teach, Learn, Thrive. Tagteachblog. https://www.tagteach.com/
16. TAGteach International (3 Şubat, 2016). What is TAGteach? TAGteach international. https://www.tagteach.com/What_is_TAGteach#:~:text=Conditioned%20Reinforcer&text=TAGteach%20is%20a%20targeted%20organized,part%20of%20teacher%20and%20learner.
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