Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinde Kariyer Kararsızlığı: Algılanan Ebeveyn Tutumları ve Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçların Yordayıcı Rolü

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'deki üniversitelerin eğitim fakültelerinde okuyan öğrencilerin kariyer kararsızlığı üzerinde algılanan ebeveyn tutumlarının ve temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların yordayıcı rolü, Roe'nun Kariyer Teorisi çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Veriler, Demografik Bilgi Formu, EMBU-C, Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Ölçeği ve Kariyer Karar Ölçeği kullanılarak eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinden toplanmıştır. Genel olarak, sonuçlar ebeveynlerden algılanan duygusal sıcaklığın kariyer kararsızlığı ile negatif ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak, ebeveynlerin aşırı koruyuculuğu ve reddediciliğinin kariyer kararsızlığı ile pozitif yönde ilişkisi belirlenmiştir. Temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların karşılanmasının da kariyer kararsızlığı ile negatif yönde ilişkisi bulunmuştur. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizi, tüm modellerin anlamlı olduğunu ve algılanan ebeveyn tutumları ile temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların birlikte kariyer kararsızlığındaki varyansın %38'ini açıkladığını ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulguların, eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin kariyer karar sürecini anlamaya ve kariyer danışmanlığında aile sistemini incelemeye yönelik literatüre katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kariyer kararı
• ebeveyn tutumları
• temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar
• kariyer kararsızlığı

Etik Beyan

İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Etik Kurulundan, 24.10.2023 tarihinde, E-43037191-604.01.01-73806 numaralı belge ile etik kurul izni alınmıştır.

Career Indecision in Education Faculty Students: Predictive Role of Perceived Parental Attitudes and Basic Psychological Needs

Öz

In this study, the predictive role of perceived parental attitudes and basic psychological needs on career indecision among students studying in faculties of education of universities in Türkiye was examined within the framework of Roe's Career Theory. Data were collected from students in the education faculty using the Demographic Information Form, EMBU-C, Psychological Needs Scale, and Career Decision Scale. In general, the results indicate that emotional warmth perceived from parents is negatively associated with career indecision. However, parental overprotectiveness and rejection were positively associated with career indecision. Satisfaction with basic psychological needs is also negatively associated with career indecision. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that all models were significant, and perceived parental attitudes and basic psychological needs together explained 38% of the variance in career indecision. These findings are expected to contribute to the literature on understanding the career decision process of education faculty students and examining the family system in career counseling.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Career decision
• parental attitudes
• basic psychological needs
• career indecision

Etik Beyan

Ethical committee approval was obtained from the Istanbul Medipol University Social Sciences Ethics Committee on October 24, 2023, with document number E-43037191-604.01.01-73806.

Kaynakça

1. Alexander, J. D., & Harris, C. (2022). Pareting styles effects on college students career decision making self-efficacy. The Career Development Quarterly, 70(3), 229-236.
2. Arcement, D. G. (2013). An investigation of the relationships among the family of origin, need for achivement, and career development. [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. Louisiana Tech University.
3. Ari, A. E., & Eşkisu, M. (2025). Career decision-making difficulties in adolescents: the role of parental perfectionism, irrational career beliefs and intolerance of uncertainty. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 53(2), 303–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2025.2463464
4. Arrindell, W. A., Sanavio, E., Aguilar, G., Sica, C., Hatzichristou, C., Eisemann, M., Recinos, L. A., Gaszner, P., Peter, M., Batagliese, G., Kallai, J., & van der Ende, J. (1999). The development of a short form of the EMBU: Its appraisal with students in Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, and Italy. Personality and Individual Differences, 27(4), 613-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00192-5
5. Aşık, G. (2021). Üniversite öğrencilerinin kariyer kararında aile etkisi ve kariyer stresleri ile kariyer kararı verme yetkinlik algıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi.
6. Ayaz, A., & Eşici, H. (2020). Üniversite öğrencilerinde kariyer uyumluluğunun yordanmasında psikolojik ihtiyaçlar ve azmin rolü. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(3), 1130-1141. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.3446 Aytaç, S. (2005). Çalışma yaşamında kariyer (1. Baskı). 4 Nokta Matbaacılık.
7. Bacanlı, F. (2012). Kariyer karar verme güçlükleri ve meslek seçimine ilişkin akılcı olmayan inançların ilişkileri. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 37(4), 86-95.
8. Bacanlı, F. & Güngör, A. (2016). Examining the relationship between social support and career development of Turkish middle school students. 8. Annual UCF Counseling Conference, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, US.

9. Bakır, B. & Dilmaç, B. (2024). Çocukların kariyer gelişimi ile temel psikolojik ihtiyaçları ve ebeveyn desteği arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 13(1), 240-257. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1280636
10. Baltacı, U., Öztemel, K., & Traş, Z. (2020). Investigation of the relationship between adolescents’ career indecision, and social support perception and basic psychological needs. International Education Studies, 13(10), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v13n10p113
11. Büyükgöze-Kavas, A. (2012). Kariyer Karar Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(38), 159-168.
12. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2018). Eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık. https://doi.org/10.14527/9789944919289
13. Choi, Y., Kim, J. & Kim, S. (2015). Career development and school success in adolescents: The role of career interventions. Career Development Quarterly, 63(2), 171-186. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12012
14. Çakır, M. A. (2011). Meslek seçimi, mesleki karar ve mesleki karasızlık. Anı Yayıncılık.
15. Çınar, Ç. (2011). Lise son sınıf öğrencilerinin meslek seçimi kararlarında benlik algısının önemi. [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Maltepe Üniversitesi.
16. Darling, N. & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487-496. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487
17. Dirik, G., Yorulmaz, O. & Karancı, A. N. (2015). Çocukluk dönemi ebeveyn tutumlarının değerlendirilmesi: Kısaltılmış algılanan ebeveyn tutumları-çocuk formu. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 26(2), 123-130.
18. Doğanülkü, H. A. (2025). Kariyer kararsızlığının yordayıcısı olarak psikolojik ihtiyaçlar. Uluslararası Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 44-53.
19. Eşici, H. (2021). Beliren yetişkinlik dönemindeki bireyler için Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 25(2), 443-454.
20. Garcia, P. R. J. M., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., Bordia, S., & Roxas, R. E. O. (2015). Career optimism: THE roles of contextual support and career decision-making self-efficacy. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 88(3), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.02.004
21. Gati, I., Krausz, M., & Osipow, S. H. (1996). A taxonomy of difficulties in career decision making. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43(4), 510–526. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.43.4.510
22. Girgin-Büyükbayraktar, Ç., Kesici, Ş., & Bozgeyikli, H. (2018). Gençlerin kariyer yaşamı nasıl planlanır?. OPUS International Journal of Society Research, 8(1), 147–169. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.393841
23. Glasser, W. (1965). Reality therapy: A new approach to psychiatry. Harper And Row.
24. Glasser, W. (1999). Choice theory: A new psychology of personal freedom. Harper Perennial.
25. Grolnick, W. S., & Gurland, S. T. (2002). Mothering: Retrospect and prospect. In J. P. McHale & W. S. Grolnick (Eds.), Retrospect and prospect in the psychological study of families (pp. 5–33). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
26. Guan, P., Capezio, A., Restubog, S. L. D., Read, S., Lajom, J. A. L., & Li, M. (2016). The role of traditionality in the relationships among parental support, career decision-making self-efficacy and career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 94(3), 114–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.02.018
27. Hamzah, S. R. A., Kai Le, K., & Musa, S. N. S. (2021). The mediating role career decision self-efficacy on the relationship of career emotional intellegence and self-esteem with career adaptability among university students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 26(1), 83-93.
28. Hargrove, B. K., Inman, A. G., & Crane, R. L. (2005). Family interaction patterns, career planning attitudes, and vocational identity of high school adolescents. Journal of Career Development, 31(4), 263-278. https://doi.org/10.1177/089484530503100404
29. Hartung, P. J., Porfeli, E. J. & Vondracek, F. W. (2005). Child vocational development: A review and reconsideration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(3), 385-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.05.006
30. Henwood, B. F., Derejko, K.-S., Couture, J., & Padgett, D. K. (2015). Maslow and mental health recovery: A comparative study of homeless programs for adults with serious mental illness. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(2), 220–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-014-0542-8
31. Holmbeck, G.N., Johnson, S.Z., Wills, K.E., McKernon, W., Rose, B., Erklin, S. & Kemper, T. (2002) Observed and perceived parental overprotection in relation to psychosocial adjustment in preadolescents with a physical disability: The mediational role of behavioral autonomy. Consult Clin Psychol, 70(1), 96-110. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.70.1.96
32. Kang, M., Lee, J., & Lee, A. R. (2020). The effects of college students’ perfectionism on career stress and indecision: Self-esteem and coping styles as moderating variables, Asia Pacific Education Review, 21(2), 227-243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-019-09609-w.
33. Karasar, N. (2003). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar-ilkeler-teknikler. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
34. Keller, B. K. & Whiston, S. C. (2008). The role of parental influences on young adolescents’ career development. Journal of Career Assessment, 21(1), 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072707313206
35. Kovjanic, S., Schuh, S. C., & Jonas, K. (2013). Transformational leadership and performance: An experimental investigation of the mediating effects of basic needs satisfaction and work engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 86(4), 543-555. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12022
36. Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
37. Kuzgun, Y. (2006). Meslek gelişimi ve danışmanlığı. Nobel Yayınları.
38. Lease, S., & Dahlbeck, D. (2009). Parental influences, career decision-making attributions, and self-efficacy: Differences for men and women?. Journal of Career Development, 36(2), 95-113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845309340794
39. Li, F., Jiao, R., Lin, X., & Liu, L. (2024). Interactive effects of basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration on career calling among chinese kindergarten teachers: a person-centered approach. Current Psychology, 43, 1638–1650. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04391-w
40. Mansor, M. & Rashid, A. M. (2013). Career decision: A cross-sectional survey among students of national youth skills training institutes. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 17(8), 1073-1079.
41. Mau, W. C. (2003). Factors that influence persistence in science and engineering career aspirations. The Career Development Quarterly, 51(3), 234-243. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2003.tb00604.x
42. Maynard, M. J. & Harding, S. (2010) Perceived parenting and psychological well‐being in UK ethnic minority adolescents. Child: Care, health and development, 36(5), 630-638. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01115.x
43. Metheny, J. & McWhirter, E. H. (2013). Contributions of social status and family support to college students’ career decision self-efficacy and outcome expectations. Journal of Career Assessment, 21(3), 378-394. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072712475164
44. Nota, L., Ferrari, L., Solberg, V. S. H., & Soresi, S. (2007). Career search self-efficacy, family support, and career decision with Italian youth. Journal of Career Assessment, 15(2), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072706298019
45. Osipow, S. H. (1999). Assessing career decision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55(1), 147-154. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1704
46. Özsoy, O. (2003). Değişen iş dünyasında meslek seçimi: Geleceğin meslekleri (2. Baskı). Hayat Yayıncılık.
47. Öztemel, K. (2013). Lise öğrencilerinin kariyer karar verme güçlüklerinin yordayıcıları olarak algılanan sosyal destek ve cinsiyet. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(3), 241-257.
48. Parola, A., & Marcionetti, J. (2022). Career decsion-making difficulties and life satisfaction: The role of career-realted parental behaviors and career adaptability. Journal of Career Development, 49(4), 831-845.
49. Patton, W. & McMahon, M. (2014). Career development and system theory. Sense Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-635-6
50. Roe, A. (1957). Early determinants of vocational choice. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 4(3), 212-217. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0045950
51. Roe, A., & Lunneborg, P. (1990). Personality development and career choice. In D. Brown & L. Brooks (Eds.), Career choice and development: Applying contemporary theories to practice (2nd ed. pp. 68-101). Jossey-Bass.
52. Rohner, R. P. (2005). Glossary of significant concepts in parental acceptance-rejection theory. In R. P. Rohner & A. Khaleque (Eds.), Handbook for the study of parental acceptance and rejection (pp.379–397). Rohner Research Publications.
53. Rohner, R. P., Khaleque, A. & Cournoyer, D. E. (2005). Parental acceptance‐rejection: Theory, methods, cross-cultural evidence, and implications. American Anthropological Association, 33(3), 299-334. https://doi.org/10.1525/eth.2005.33.3.299
54. Ryan, R. M., (1995). Psychological needs and the facilitation of ıntegrative processes. Journal of Personality, 63(3), 397-427. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00501.x
55. Ryan, R. M., Patrick, H., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2008). Facilitating health behaviour change and its maintenance: Interventions based on self-determination theory. European Health Psychologist, 10(1), 2–5.
56. Saka, N. & Gati, I. (2007). Emotional and personality-related aspects of persistent career decision-making difficulties. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 71, 340- 358.
57. Schutte, N. S. & Malouff, J. M. (2018). Basic psychological need satisfaction, affect and mental health. Current Psychology, 40(3), 1228–1233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-0055-9
58. Silman, F. (2014). Work-related basic need satisfaction as a predictor of work engagement among academic staff in Turkey. South African Journal of Education, 34(3), 01-05. https://doi.org/10.15700/201409161119
59. Stevens, J. (1996). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (3rd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associate Publishers.
60. Şavluk, T. (2019). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin kariyer gelişimlerinin yordayıcıları [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Gazi Üniversitesi.
61. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
62. Tang, M. (2003). Career counseling in the future: Constructing, collaborating, advocating. The Career Development Quarterly, 52(1), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2003.tb00628.x
63. Temeloğlu, G. (2019). Kariyer karar verme güçlüklerinin yordayıcıları olarak kariyere ilişkin ebeveyn desteği ve meslek kararı verme öz yetkinliği [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Gazi Üniversitesi.
64. Turner, S., & Lapan, R. T. (2002). Career self-efficacy and perceptions of parent support in adolescent career development. The Career Development Quarterly, 51(1), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2002.tb00591.x
65. Turner, S. L., Steward, J. C., & Lapan, R. T. (2004). Family factors associated with sixth-grade adolescents' math and science career interests. Career Development Quarterly, 53(1), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2004.tb00654.x
66. Uzman, E., (2014). Basic psychological needs and psychological health in teacher candidates. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3629 – 3635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.814
67. Verbruggen, M., De Cooman, R., & Vansteenkiste, S. (2015). When and why are ınternal job transitions successful? Transition challenges, hindrances, and resources influencing motivation and retention through basic needs satisfaction. Group & Organization Management, 40(6), 744-775. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601115595935
68. Xing, X. & Rojewski, J. W. (2018). ‘‘Family influences on career decision-making self-efficacy of Chinese secondary vocational students’’. New Waves-Educational Research and Development Journal, 21(1), 48-67.
69. Young, R. A., Friesen, J. D. & Pearson, H. M. (1988). Activities and interpersonal relations as dimensions of parental behavior in the career development of adolescents. Youth ve Society, 20(1), 29-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X88020001002
70. Yusupu, R. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinde kariyer kararları ile mükemmeliyetçilik, öğrenme motivasyonu ve akademik başarı arasındaki ilişkiler [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi.
71. Zhang, L., & Jin, T. (2019). Linking empowering leadership and career calling: the mediating role of psychological need fulfilment. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 29(5), 429–434. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2019.1675998
72. Zhao, X., Lim, V. K. & Teo, T. S. (2012). The long arm of job insecurity: Its impact on career-specific parenting behaviors and youths' career self-efficacy. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 619-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.018