Liderlik Oryantasyon Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması

Kenan Özcan; Aydın Balyer

doi:10.17860/efd.34755

-

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 136 - 150, 23.04.2013

Kenan Özcan , Aydın Balyer

Öz

Adaptation of Leadership Orientation Scale Into Turkish. Organizational climate is a result of organizational management. The organizarional climate ideas of staff can give clues about the manageemnt type of any organization. While negative perceptions may reveal that there is an unbalanced organizational climate, positive perceptions show that there is a balanced organizational culture of any organization. This study was carried out to adapt “Leadership Orientation Scale” developed by Thompson (2005) into Turkish. In the original scale, there were 4 sub dimensions and 32 items and in the adapted form the structure has not changed. It also has 4 dimensions and 32 items. 300 teachers participated in Explarotory Factor Analysis (EFA) process and 234teachers for Confirmatory Factor Analysis process (CFA). As a result the scale can be considered as an important value that can be used in the Turkish culture to obtain comparable reserch results from other cultures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Organizational climate, leadership, organizational management, scale adaptation, psychometry.

Kaynakça

Aarons, G. A., & Sawitzky, A. C. (2006). Organizational climate mediates the effect of culture on work attitudes and staff turnover in mental health services. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 33(3), 289–301.
Allen, N.J. (2003). Organizational commitment in the military: a discussion of theory and practice. Military Psychology, 15, 237-253.
Ancarani, A., Di Mauro, C. & Giammanco, M. D. (2009). How are organisational climate models and patient satisfaction related? A competing value framework approach, Soc Sci Med. 2009 Dec;69(12):1813-8. Epub 2009 Oct 21.
Bailey, K. D. (1994) Methods of social research, fourt edition, A Division of Macmillan, Inc. New York, N.Y.
Barnes, J., Cote, J., Cudeck, R. & Malthouse, E. (2001) Factor analysis—checking assumptions of normality before conducting factor analysis. J. Consum. Psychol. 10(1,2), 79-81.
Bartlett, M. S. (1954). A note on the multiplying factors for various chi square approximations. Journal of Royal Statistic Society 16 (Series B), 296-298.
Baumgartner, H. & Homburg, C. (1996). Applications of structural equation modeling in marketing and consumer research: a review. Int. J. Res. Mark. 13, 139-161.
Bolman, L. G. & Deal, T. E. (1991). Leadership and management effectiveness: A multi-frame, multisector analysis. Human Resource Management, 30, 509-534.
Borrevik B. (1972). The construction of an OCDQ for academic departments in colleges and universities. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon.
Brown, T.A. (2006). Confırmatory Factor Analysıs for Applied Research. The Guildford Press, New York. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002) Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı, Ankara: PegemA.
London Brown, S. P. & Leigh, T. W. (1996). A newlook at psychological climate and its relationship to job involvement, effort, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 358−368.
Burns, R.A., & Machin, M. A., (2011). Beyond the pleasure principle: Within and between-occasion effects of employee eudaimonia within a school, Journal of Vocational Behavior, doi:1016/j.jvb.2011.04.007
Cameron, K. & Smart, J. C. (1998). Maintaining effectiveness amid downsizing and decline in institutions of higher education. Research in Higher Education, 39, 65-86.
Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A first course in factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cote, J., R. Netemeyer, R. & Bentler, P. (2001). Structural equation modelling—improving model fit by correlating errors. J. Consum. Psychol. 10(1, 2), 87–88.
Çağlar, M. E. (2008). Örgütsel İklimin Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerindeki Etkileri. Gazi Ü. Sosyal Bilimleri
Enstitüsü Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Ankara. DeCotiis, T. & Summers, T. P. (1987). A path analysis of a model of the antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment. Human Relations, 40, 445–470.
Denison, D. R. (1996). What is the difference between organizational culture and organizational climate? A native’s point of view on a decade of paradigm wars. Academy of Management Review, 21, 619-6
Diaz, R. I. & Cabbera, D. D.(1997). Safety climate and attitude as evaluation Measures of organizational safety, Acciddent and Analysis and Prev, 29(5), 643–650.
Fava, G. A., Ruini, C., Rafanelli, C., Finos, L., Conti, S., & Grandi, S. (2004). Six year outcome for cognitive behavioural prevention of recurrent depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1872–1876.
Floyd. F.J., & Widaman. K. F. (1995). Factor Analysis in the Development and Refinement of Clinical Assessment Instruments, Psychological Assessment, 7(3),286–299. http://mres.gmu.edu/pmwiki/uploads/Main/FloydWidaman95.pdf
Glisson, C. (2010). Organizational climate and service outcomes in child welfare settings. In
M. B. Webb, K. L. Dowd, B. J. Harden, J. Landsverk,& M. Testa (Eds.), Child welfare and child wellbeing: New perspectives from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being. Oxford University Press: New York. Glisson, C. & Green, P.(2011). Organizational climate, services, and outcomes in child welfare systems, Child Abuse & Neglect, 35 (2011) 582– 591
Glisson, C. (2007). Assessing and Changing Organizational Culture and Climate for Effective Services, Research on Social Work Practice, 17, 736-747.
Glisson, C., Dukes, D., & Green, P. (2006). The effects of the ARC organizational intervention on caseworker turnover, climate, and culture in children’s service systems. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30(8), 855–880, discussion 849–854.
Glisson, C., & Hemmelgarn, A. (1998). The effects of organizational climate and interorganizational coordination on the quality and outcomes of children’s service systems. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22(5), 401–421.
Glisson, C., & James, L. R. (2002). The cross-level effects of culture and climate in human service teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 767–794.
Glisson, C. (2002). The organizational context of children’s mental health services. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 5(4), 233–253.
Gormley, D.K. & Kennerly,ü S. (2010). Influence of Work Role And Perceptıons of Clımate on Faculty Organızatıonal Commıtment, Journal of Professional Nursing, 26(2), 108–115
Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Grigsby, K. A. (1991). Perceptions of the organizational climate: Influenced by the organizational structure? Journal of Nursing Education, 30,81–88.
Guilford, J. P. (1954). Psychometric methods (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Hagedorn, L. S. (2000). Conceptualizing faculty job satisfaction: Components, theories, and outcomes. New Directions for Institutional Research, 105, 5-21.
Hart, P. M., Wearing, A. J., Conn, M., Carter, N. L., & Dingle, A. R. K. (2000). Development of the School Organizational Health Questionnaire: A measure for assessing teacher morale and school organizational climate. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70(2), 211–228.
Hellriegel, D. & Slocum Jr, J. W. (1974). Organizational climate: Measures, research and contingencies. Academy of Management Journal, 17, 255–280.
Hoyle, R. H. (1995). Structural Equation Modelling: Concepts, Issues, and Aplications. London: Sage Publication Inc.
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J. & Mullen, M. R.(2008). Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods. V: 6 Issue 1, 53-60. Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P. M. (1999), Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modelling. 6 (1), 1-55.
Johnsrud, L. K. (2002). Measuring the quality of faculty and administrative worklife: Implications for college and university campuses. Research in Higher Education, 43, 379-395.
Jones, A. P., & James, L. R. (1979). Psychological climate: Dimensions and relationships of individual and aggregated work environment perceptions. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 23, 201−250.
Joyce, W. F., & Slocum, J. W., Jr. (1984). Collective climate: Agreement as a basis for defining aggregate climates in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 27,721−742.
Jöreskog, K.G. & Sörbom, D. (2001) LISREL 8 user’s reference guide (Lincolnwood, IL, Scientific Software International).
Jörreskog, K.G. & Sörbom, D. (1993). Structural Equation Modelling with the Simplis Command Language. Scientific Software International Inc., Lincolnwood, IL 60712-1704,USA.
Jörreskog, K.G., & Sörbom, D.(1996). LISREL 8: User’s Reference Guide. Scientific Software International Inc., Chicago.
Kath, L. M., Magley, V. J. & Marmet, M. (2009). The role of organizational trust in safety climate’s influence onorganizational outcomes, Accident Analysis and Prevention 42 (2010) 1488–1497
Kline, P. (1979). Psychometrics and psychology. London: Academic Press.
Klein, J. T. (1990). Interdisciplinarity: History, theory, and practice. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, Third Edition. The Guilford Press, New York, NY 10012.
LaFollette, W. & Sims, H. (1975). Is satisfaction redundant with organizational climate? Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 13, 257–278.
Lawler, E. E. Hall, D. T & Oldham, R. G. (1974). Organizational Climate: Relationship to Organization
Structure, Process and Performance, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,11, 139-155. Looman, W.S. & Farrag, S.(2009). Psychometric properties and cross-cultural equivalence of the Arabic Social Capital Scale: instrument development study. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 46 (2009) 45-54.
MacCallum, R. C. & Widaman, K. F. (1999). Sample Size in Factor Analysis. Psychological Methods. Vol. No. 1.84-99.
MacCallum, R. C. Browne, M. W., Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modelling. Psychol. Methods 1(2), 130-149.
Menges, J. I., Walter, F., Vogel, B. & Bruch, H. (2011).Transformational leadership climate: Performance linkages, mechanisms, and boundary conditions at the organizational level, The Leadership Quarterly, 22 (2011) 893–909.
Meyer, G, S. (2003). Employee development: an examination of service strategy in a high-contact service environment. Production and Operations Management, 12(2), 186–203.
Moran, E. T. & Volkwein, J. F. (1992). The cultural approach to the formation of organizational climate. Human Relations, 45, 19-47.
Nystrom, P. C, Ramamurthy K., & Wilson A. L. (2002). Organizational context, climate and innovativeness: adoption of imaging technology. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 19(3-4), 221-247.
Payne, R. L., Fineman, S. & Wall, T. D. (1976). Organizational Climate and Job Satisfaction: A Conceptional Synthesis, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, 45-62.
Parker, C. P., Baltes, B. B., Young, S. A., Huff, J. W., Altmann, R. A., LaCost, H. A., & Paulin, M., Ferguson, R. J., & Bergeron, J. ( 2006). Service climate and organizational commitment: The importance of customer linkages, Journal of Business Research, 59 (2006) 906–915.
Parker, C. P., Baltes, B. B., Young, S. A., Huff, J. W., Altmann, R. A., Lacost, H. A., & Roberts, J. E. (2003). Relationships between psychological climate perceptions and work outcomes: A metaanalytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 389-416.
Raykov, T. & Marcoulides, G A. (2000). A first course in structural equation modeling, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Roberts, J. E. (2003). Relationships between psychological climate perceptions and work outcomes: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(4), 389–416.
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Liderlik Oryantasyon Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 136 - 150, 23.04.2013

Kenan Özcan , Aydın Balyer

Öz

Örgüt iklimi örgütsel yapı ve yönetimin bir sonucudur. Çalışanların örgütün yapısı ve yöneticilerin liderlik davranışlarına dair algıları örgüt iklimi hakkında bir fikir vermektedir. Örgütsel iklime dair olumsuz algılar örgütte dengesiz, olumlu algılar ise dengeli bir yönetim yapısı bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma örgütsel yapı hakkında bilgi veren Thompson (2005) tarafından geliştirilen “Liderlik Oryantasyon Ölçeğinin” Türkçeye uyarlanmasını amaçlamaktadır. Ölçeğin orijinal halinde 32 madde ve dört alt boyut bulunmakta ve Türkçeye uyarlanan şekli de aynı formu korumuştur. Ölçeğin Türkçeye uyarlanması sürecine, Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) için 300 ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DAF) için 234 öğretmen katılmıştır. Ölçeğin uyarlanmasıyla ülkemizde yapılacak araştırmalarla elde edilen bulguların, aynı ölçekle farklı kültürlerde yapılan/yapılacak olan araştırma bulgularıyla karşılaştırılabilmesine olanak sağlayacağında, ölçeğin Türkçeye uyarlanmasının önemli olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar sözcükler: örgüt iklimi, liderlik, örgüt yönetimi

Anahtar Kelimeler

Örgüt iklimi, liderlik, örgüt yönetimi, ölçek uyarlama, psikometri.

Kaynakça

Aarons, G. A., & Sawitzky, A. C. (2006). Organizational climate mediates the effect of culture on work attitudes and staff turnover in mental health services. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 33(3), 289–301.
Allen, N.J. (2003). Organizational commitment in the military: a discussion of theory and practice. Military Psychology, 15, 237-253.
Ancarani, A., Di Mauro, C. & Giammanco, M. D. (2009). How are organisational climate models and patient satisfaction related? A competing value framework approach, Soc Sci Med. 2009 Dec;69(12):1813-8. Epub 2009 Oct 21.
Bailey, K. D. (1994) Methods of social research, fourt edition, A Division of Macmillan, Inc. New York, N.Y.
Barnes, J., Cote, J., Cudeck, R. & Malthouse, E. (2001) Factor analysis—checking assumptions of normality before conducting factor analysis. J. Consum. Psychol. 10(1,2), 79-81.
Bartlett, M. S. (1954). A note on the multiplying factors for various chi square approximations. Journal of Royal Statistic Society 16 (Series B), 296-298.
Baumgartner, H. & Homburg, C. (1996). Applications of structural equation modeling in marketing and consumer research: a review. Int. J. Res. Mark. 13, 139-161.
Bolman, L. G. & Deal, T. E. (1991). Leadership and management effectiveness: A multi-frame, multisector analysis. Human Resource Management, 30, 509-534.
Borrevik B. (1972). The construction of an OCDQ for academic departments in colleges and universities. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon.
Brown, T.A. (2006). Confırmatory Factor Analysıs for Applied Research. The Guildford Press, New York. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002) Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı, Ankara: PegemA.
London Brown, S. P. & Leigh, T. W. (1996). A newlook at psychological climate and its relationship to job involvement, effort, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 358−368.
Burns, R.A., & Machin, M. A., (2011). Beyond the pleasure principle: Within and between-occasion effects of employee eudaimonia within a school, Journal of Vocational Behavior, doi:1016/j.jvb.2011.04.007
Cameron, K. & Smart, J. C. (1998). Maintaining effectiveness amid downsizing and decline in institutions of higher education. Research in Higher Education, 39, 65-86.
Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A first course in factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cote, J., R. Netemeyer, R. & Bentler, P. (2001). Structural equation modelling—improving model fit by correlating errors. J. Consum. Psychol. 10(1, 2), 87–88.
Çağlar, M. E. (2008). Örgütsel İklimin Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerindeki Etkileri. Gazi Ü. Sosyal Bilimleri
Enstitüsü Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Ankara. DeCotiis, T. & Summers, T. P. (1987). A path analysis of a model of the antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment. Human Relations, 40, 445–470.
Denison, D. R. (1996). What is the difference between organizational culture and organizational climate? A native’s point of view on a decade of paradigm wars. Academy of Management Review, 21, 619-6
Diaz, R. I. & Cabbera, D. D.(1997). Safety climate and attitude as evaluation Measures of organizational safety, Acciddent and Analysis and Prev, 29(5), 643–650.
Fava, G. A., Ruini, C., Rafanelli, C., Finos, L., Conti, S., & Grandi, S. (2004). Six year outcome for cognitive behavioural prevention of recurrent depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1872–1876.
Floyd. F.J., & Widaman. K. F. (1995). Factor Analysis in the Development and Refinement of Clinical Assessment Instruments, Psychological Assessment, 7(3),286–299. http://mres.gmu.edu/pmwiki/uploads/Main/FloydWidaman95.pdf
Glisson, C. (2010). Organizational climate and service outcomes in child welfare settings. In
M. B. Webb, K. L. Dowd, B. J. Harden, J. Landsverk,& M. Testa (Eds.), Child welfare and child wellbeing: New perspectives from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being. Oxford University Press: New York. Glisson, C. & Green, P.(2011). Organizational climate, services, and outcomes in child welfare systems, Child Abuse & Neglect, 35 (2011) 582– 591
Glisson, C. (2007). Assessing and Changing Organizational Culture and Climate for Effective Services, Research on Social Work Practice, 17, 736-747.
Glisson, C., Dukes, D., & Green, P. (2006). The effects of the ARC organizational intervention on caseworker turnover, climate, and culture in children’s service systems. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30(8), 855–880, discussion 849–854.
Glisson, C., & Hemmelgarn, A. (1998). The effects of organizational climate and interorganizational coordination on the quality and outcomes of children’s service systems. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22(5), 401–421.
Glisson, C., & James, L. R. (2002). The cross-level effects of culture and climate in human service teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 767–794.
Glisson, C. (2002). The organizational context of children’s mental health services. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 5(4), 233–253.
Gormley, D.K. & Kennerly,ü S. (2010). Influence of Work Role And Perceptıons of Clımate on Faculty Organızatıonal Commıtment, Journal of Professional Nursing, 26(2), 108–115
Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Grigsby, K. A. (1991). Perceptions of the organizational climate: Influenced by the organizational structure? Journal of Nursing Education, 30,81–88.
Guilford, J. P. (1954). Psychometric methods (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Hagedorn, L. S. (2000). Conceptualizing faculty job satisfaction: Components, theories, and outcomes. New Directions for Institutional Research, 105, 5-21.
Hart, P. M., Wearing, A. J., Conn, M., Carter, N. L., & Dingle, A. R. K. (2000). Development of the School Organizational Health Questionnaire: A measure for assessing teacher morale and school organizational climate. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70(2), 211–228.
Hellriegel, D. & Slocum Jr, J. W. (1974). Organizational climate: Measures, research and contingencies. Academy of Management Journal, 17, 255–280.
Hoyle, R. H. (1995). Structural Equation Modelling: Concepts, Issues, and Aplications. London: Sage Publication Inc.
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J. & Mullen, M. R.(2008). Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods. V: 6 Issue 1, 53-60. Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P. M. (1999), Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modelling. 6 (1), 1-55.
Johnsrud, L. K. (2002). Measuring the quality of faculty and administrative worklife: Implications for college and university campuses. Research in Higher Education, 43, 379-395.
Jones, A. P., & James, L. R. (1979). Psychological climate: Dimensions and relationships of individual and aggregated work environment perceptions. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 23, 201−250.
Joyce, W. F., & Slocum, J. W., Jr. (1984). Collective climate: Agreement as a basis for defining aggregate climates in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 27,721−742.
Jöreskog, K.G. & Sörbom, D. (2001) LISREL 8 user’s reference guide (Lincolnwood, IL, Scientific Software International).
Jörreskog, K.G. & Sörbom, D. (1993). Structural Equation Modelling with the Simplis Command Language. Scientific Software International Inc., Lincolnwood, IL 60712-1704,USA.
Jörreskog, K.G., & Sörbom, D.(1996). LISREL 8: User’s Reference Guide. Scientific Software International Inc., Chicago.
Kath, L. M., Magley, V. J. & Marmet, M. (2009). The role of organizational trust in safety climate’s influence onorganizational outcomes, Accident Analysis and Prevention 42 (2010) 1488–1497
Kline, P. (1979). Psychometrics and psychology. London: Academic Press.
Klein, J. T. (1990). Interdisciplinarity: History, theory, and practice. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, Third Edition. The Guilford Press, New York, NY 10012.
LaFollette, W. & Sims, H. (1975). Is satisfaction redundant with organizational climate? Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 13, 257–278.
Lawler, E. E. Hall, D. T & Oldham, R. G. (1974). Organizational Climate: Relationship to Organization
Structure, Process and Performance, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,11, 139-155. Looman, W.S. & Farrag, S.(2009). Psychometric properties and cross-cultural equivalence of the Arabic Social Capital Scale: instrument development study. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 46 (2009) 45-54.
MacCallum, R. C. & Widaman, K. F. (1999). Sample Size in Factor Analysis. Psychological Methods. Vol. No. 1.84-99.
MacCallum, R. C. Browne, M. W., Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modelling. Psychol. Methods 1(2), 130-149.
Menges, J. I., Walter, F., Vogel, B. & Bruch, H. (2011).Transformational leadership climate: Performance linkages, mechanisms, and boundary conditions at the organizational level, The Leadership Quarterly, 22 (2011) 893–909.
Meyer, G, S. (2003). Employee development: an examination of service strategy in a high-contact service environment. Production and Operations Management, 12(2), 186–203.
Moran, E. T. & Volkwein, J. F. (1992). The cultural approach to the formation of organizational climate. Human Relations, 45, 19-47.
Nystrom, P. C, Ramamurthy K., & Wilson A. L. (2002). Organizational context, climate and innovativeness: adoption of imaging technology. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 19(3-4), 221-247.
Payne, R. L., Fineman, S. & Wall, T. D. (1976). Organizational Climate and Job Satisfaction: A Conceptional Synthesis, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, 45-62.
Parker, C. P., Baltes, B. B., Young, S. A., Huff, J. W., Altmann, R. A., LaCost, H. A., & Paulin, M., Ferguson, R. J., & Bergeron, J. ( 2006). Service climate and organizational commitment: The importance of customer linkages, Journal of Business Research, 59 (2006) 906–915.
Parker, C. P., Baltes, B. B., Young, S. A., Huff, J. W., Altmann, R. A., Lacost, H. A., & Roberts, J. E. (2003). Relationships between psychological climate perceptions and work outcomes: A metaanalytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 389-416.
Raykov, T. & Marcoulides, G A. (2000). A first course in structural equation modeling, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Roberts, J. E. (2003). Relationships between psychological climate perceptions and work outcomes: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(4), 389–416.
Pritchard, R. & Karosick, B. (1973). The effects of organizational climate on job satisfaction. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 9, 126.
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Toplam 81 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Kenan Özcan Aydın Balyer
Yayımlanma Tarihi	23 Nisan 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2013 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA	Özcan, K., & Balyer, A. (2013). Liderlik Oryantasyon Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 136-150. https://doi.org/10.17860/efd.34755

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