Türkçe Ölçme İfadelerinin Sözdizimsel ve Anlambilimsel Yapısı

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 73 - 96, 28.04.2022

Tacettin Turgay

Öz

İnsan dili, bütünsel özelliklerin yanı sıra belirli dereceye kadar sahip olunan özellikleri de varlıklara atfetmemize izin vermektedir. Bunu en belirgin örneği, varlıkları bir boyut üzerinde belirli bir dereceyle ilişkilendirmemizi sağlayan ölçme ifadeleridir. Bu çalışmada Türkçe ölçme ifadelerinin sözdizimsel yapısı ile bu yapının sonucu ortaya çıkan anlambilimsel yorum ele alınmaktadır. Standart ölçme ifadelerinin, bir ölçme sözcüğüne derece üyesi olarak bir sayısal öbek atamak suretiyle oluşturulup, söz konusu ada yüklemleme ya da niteleme yoluyla uygulanması süreci olduğu ve adın bu şekilde nicellendiği gösterilmektedir. Aynı yöntem, barındırma adları ve topluluk adlarına da uygulanmakta, bunların standart ölçme yapılarından tek farkının ise türetilmiş ölçme sözcükleri barındırmak olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Geliştirilen bu yaklaşım, sınıflayıcı yapılarını da kapsayacak şekilde genişletilmekte ve bunların sayı anlatan ölçme yapıları olduğu öne sürülmektedir. Bütünsel olarak bakıldığında, bu yaklaşımın ölme ifadelerinin yapı ve yorumunu görece basit bir yöntemle açıklayabildiği gösterilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ölçme, boyut, derece, sayı, barındırma adı, topluluk adı, sınıflayıcı

Measure Constructions of Turkish: Syntax and Semantics

Öz

Natural language allows us to attribute properties to entities, some of which are not possessed wholly but to a certain extent, the most obvious example of which are expressions of measure that relate entities to a certain degree along a given dimension. This paper addresses the syntactic constituency and ensuing interpretation of measure expressions of Turkish. Standard measure phrases are demonstrated to obtain when a measure word takes a numeral for its degree argument, which is then applied to a number-neutral NP, yielding a quantized measured noun. A similar account is also provided for measure expressions built on container and collective nouns, which minimally differ from standard measures in involving derived measures. The analysis is further extended to classifiers which express the measure of cardinality. Overall, the proposal defended in this paper is shown to involve minimal machinery to derive the intended reading of measure expressions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Measure, dimension, degree, cardinality, container, collective, classifier

Kaynakça

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