Menstrüel ağrı şiddetinin vücut farkındalığı, fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve duyu organizasyonu üzerine etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı kadınlarda menstrüel ağrı şiddetinin vücut farkındalığı, fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve duyu organizasyonu üzerine etkisini incelemekti. Yöntem: Çalışmaya 18-30 yaş arası menstrüel ağrısı olan kadınlar dahil edildi. Katılımcılar görsel analog skalasına göre hafif (n=47), orta (n=28) ve şiddetli (n=18) menstrüel ağrı grubu olmak üzere toplam üç gruba ayrıldı. Katılımcılara Vücut Farkındalığı Anketi (VFA) ve Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi–kısa form (UFAA) uygulandı. Katılımcıların somatosensoriyel, görsel ve vestibüler duyu organizasyonları bilgisayarlı dinamik postürografi ile incelendi. Tüm değerlendirmeler menstrüasyon sırasında uygulandı. Bulgular: VFA ve UFAA açısından; şiddetli ağrı grubu hafif ve orta şiddetli ağrı gruplarından ve orta şiddetli ağrı grubu ise hafif ağrı grubundan daha düşük puana sahipti (p<0.05). Şiddetli ağrı grubu hafif ve orta şiddetli ağrı grubundan ve orta şiddetli ağrı grubu hafif ağrı grubundan daha düşük antero-posterior somatosensoriyel test değerlerine sahipti (p<0.05). Şiddetli ağrı grubu hafif şiddetli ağrı grubundan daha düşük antero-posterior vestibüler test değerlerine sahipti (p<0.05). Şiddetli ağrı grubu hafif ve orta şiddetli ağrı grubundan daha düşük medio-lateral somatosensoriyel test değerlerine sahipti (p<0.05). Şiddetli ağrı grubu hafif ağrı grubundan ve orta şiddetli ağrı grubu hafif ağrı grubundan daha düşük medio-lateral vestibüler test değerlerine sahipti (p<0.05). Sonuç: Ağrı şiddeti arttıkça, VFA, UFAA ve somatosensoriyel ve vestibüler duyu organizasyonu test sonuçlarının düştüğü görüldü. Menstrüel ağrı ile baş etmek için vücut farkındalığını artıran fiziksel aktivite yöntemlerinin tercih edilmesi, menstruel ağrıyı azaltmak ve duyu organizasyonunu iyileştirmek için daha etkili sonuçlar ortaya koyabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• menstrüel ağrı
• dismenore
• postür
• vücut farkındalığı
• fiziksel aktivite
• duyu organizasyonu

The effect of menstrual pain severity on body awareness, physical activity level, and sensory organization

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of menstrual pain severity on body awareness, physical activity level, and sensory organization in women. Method: Women aged 18-30 years with menstrual pain were included in the study. Participants were divided into three groups as mild (n=47), moderate (n=28) and severe (n=18) menstrual pain-groups according to visual analog scale. The Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–short form (IPAQ) were administered to the participants. Somatosensory, visual and vestibular sensory organizations of the participants were analyzed using computerized dynamic posturography. All assessments were administered during menstruation. Results: In terms of BAQ and IPAQ; severe pain-group had lower scores than mild and moderate pain-groups, and moderate pain-group had lower scores than mild pain-group (p<0.05). Severe pain-group had lower antero-posterior somatosensory test values than mild and moderate pain-groups, and moderate pain-group had lower antero-posterior somatosensory test values than mild pain-group (p<0.05). Severe pain-group had lower antero-posterior vestibular test values than mild pain-group (p<0.05). Severe pain-group had lower medio-lateral somatosensory test values than mild and moderate pain-groups (p<0.05). The severe pain-group had lower medio-lateral vestibular test values than the mild pain-group, and the moderate pain-group had lower medio-lateral vestibular test values than the mild pain-group (p<0.05). Conclusion: As the severity of pain increased, BAQ, IPAQ, and somatosensory and vestibular sensory organization results decreased. Preferring physical activity methods that increase body awareness to cope with menstrual pain may provide more effective results in reducing menstrual pain and improving sensory organization.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• menstrual pain
• dysmenorrhea
• posture
• body awareness
• physical activity
• sensory organization

Kaynakça

1. M.A. Burnett, V. Antao, A. Black, K. Feldman, A. Grenville, R. Lea, et al., Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea in Canada, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 27(8) (2005) 765-770.
2. M.I. Ortiz, E. Rangel-Flores, L.C. Carrillo-Alarcón, H.A. Veras-Godoy, Prevalence and impact of primary dysmenorrhea among Mexican high school students, International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 107(3) (2009) 240-243.
3. N. Ozerdogan, D. Sayiner, U. Ayranci, A. Unsal, S. Giray, Prevalence and predictors of dysmenorrhea among students at a university in Turkey, International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 107(1) (2009) 39-43.
4. T. Ferdane, H. Zincir, Effect of dysmenorrhea severity on social and school lives of high school students, Cukurova Medical Journal 46(3) (2021) 1086-1093.
5. A. Unal, F. Altug, A. Erden, U. Cavlak, H. Senol, Validity and reliability of the Body Awareness Questionnaire in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain, Acta Neurologica Belgica 121(3) (2021) 701-705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-020-01399-y.
6. H. Cramer, R. Lauche, J. Daubenmier, W. Mehling, A. Büssing, F.J. Saha, et al., Being aware of the painful body: Validation of the German Body Awareness Questionnaire and Body Responsiveness Questionnaire in patients with chronic pain, PloS one 13(2) (2018) e0193000.
7. H. Doğan, S. Eroğlu, T. Akbayrak, The effect of kinesio taping and lifestyle changes on pain, body awareness and quality of life in primary dysmenorrhea, Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 39 (2020) 101120. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S174438811930845X.
8. M.E. Martínez, D. Heddens, D.L. Earnest, C.L. Bogert, D. Roe, J. Einspahr, et al., Physical activity, body mass index, and prostaglandin E 2 levels in rectal mucosa, Journal of the National Cancer Institute 91(11) (1999) 950-953.

9. S.D. Harlow, M. Park, A longitudinal study of risk factors for the occurrence, duration and severity of menstrual cramps in a cohort of college women, Bjog: An International Journal Of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 103(11) (1996) 1134-1142.
10. W.P. Metheny, R.P. Smith, The relationship among exercise, stress, and primary dysmenorrhea, Journal of behavioral medicine 12(6) (1989) 569-586.
11. H. Keklicek, N.S. Aydin, H.B. Can, D.D. Aydin, A.Z.Y. Kayatekin, E. Uluçam, Primary dysmenorrhea and postural control: Is it a problem only during menstruation?, Gait & Posture 85 (2021) 88-95.
12. J.H. Stallbaum, F.S.d. Silva, M.F. Saccol, M.M. Braz, Postural control of women with primary dysmenorrhea in different phases of the menstrual cycle, Fisioterapia e Pesquisa 25 (2018) 74-81.
13. G.L. Moseley, P.W. Hodges, Are the changes in postural control associated with low back pain caused by pain interference?, The Clinical journal of pain 21(4) (2005) 323-329.
14. E. Baran, T. Emekci, Static and Dynamic Postural Control of Postpartum Women of Different Delivery Methods, Gait & Posture (2022).
15. G. Lefebvre, O. Pinsonneault, V. Antao, A. Black, M. Burnett, K. Feldman, et al., Primary dysmenorrhea consensus guideline, Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC 27(12) (2005) 1117-46.
16. Ş.T. Çelenay, S. Özgül, F. Demirturk, C. Gürşen, E. Baran, T. Akbayrak, Comparison of Physical Activity, Quality of Life and Menstrual Symptoms by Menstrual Pain Intensity in Turkish Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea, Konuralp Medical Journal 13(2) 334-340.
17. S.A. Shields, M.E. Mallory, A. Simon, The body awareness questionnaire: reliability and validity, Journal of personality Assessment 53(4) (1989) 802-815.
18. S. Karaca, B. Bayar, Turkish version of body awareness questionnaire: validity and reliability study, Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 32(1) (2021) 44-50.
19. P.H. Lee, D.J. Macfarlane, T.H. Lam, S.M. Stewart, Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 8(1) (2011) 1-11.
20. M. Saglam, H. Arikan, S. Savci, D. Inal-Ince, M. Bosnak-Guclu, E. Karabulut, et al., International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version, Perceptual and motor skills 111(1) (2010) 278-284.
21. A.-A. Ebrahimi, G. Movallali, A.-A. Jamshidi, M. Rahgozar, H.A. Haghgoo, Postural control in deaf children, Acta Medica Iranica (2017) 115-122.
22. A. Kvåle, A. Ljunggren, Body awareness therapies, Encyclopedia of pain (2007) 167-169.
23. M. Sertel, Y. Bakar, T.T. Şimşek, The effect of body awareness therapy and aerobic exercises on pain and quality of life in the patients with tension type headache, African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 14(2) (2017) 288-310.
24. A. Erden, F. Altuğ, U. Cavlak, Sağlıklı kişilerde vücut farkındalık durumu ile ağrı, emosyonel durum ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi, (2013).
25. C. Durlik, F. Cardini, M. Tsakiris, Being watched: The effect of social self-focus on interoceptive and exteroceptive somatosensory perception, Consciousness and cognition 25 (2014) 42-50.
26. U. Apel, The Feldenkrais method: awareness through movement, WHO regional publications. European series 44 (1992) 324-327.
27. G.S. Kolt, J.C. McConville, The effects of a Feldenkrais® Awareness Through Movement program on state anxiety, Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 4(3) (2000) 216-220.
28. S. Iacovides, I. Avidon, F.C. Baker, What we know about primary dysmenorrhea today: a critical review, Human reproduction update 21(6) (2015) 762-778.
29. N. Mahvash, A. Eidy, K. Mehdi, M.T. Zahra, M. Mani, H. Shahla, The effect of physical activity on primary dysmenorrhea of female university students, World Applied Sciences Journal 17(10) (2012) 1246-1252.
30. T. Stephens, Physical activity and mental health in the United States and Canada: evidence from four population surveys, Preventive medicine 17(1) (1988) 35-47.
31. C.E. Ross, D. Hayes, Exercise and psychologic well-being in the community, American journal of epidemiology 127(4) (1988) 762-771.
32. B.T. Tihanyi, A. Sági, B. Csala, N. Tolnai, F. Köteles, 'Body Awareness, Mindfulness and Affect: Does the Kind of Physical Activity Make a Difference?', European Journal of Mental Health 11(1-2) (2016) 97.
33. M. Tavallaee, M.R. Joffres, S.J. Corber, M. Bayanzadeh, M.M. Rad, The prevalence of menstrual pain and associated risk factors among Iranian women, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 37(5) (2011) 442-451.
34. G.N. Çinar, T. Akbayrak, C. Gürşen, E. Baran, E. Üzelpasacı, G. Nakip, et al., Factors Related to Primary Dysmenorrhea in Turkish Women: a Multiple Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis, Reproductive Sciences 28(2) (2021) 381-392.
35. G.L. Moseley, I can’t find it! Distorted body image and tactile dysfunction in patients with chronic back pain, Pain 140(1) (2008) 239-243.
36. M.Y. Dawood, Primary dysmenorrhea: advances in pathogenesis and management, Obstetrics & Gynecology 108(2) (2006) 428-441.
37. P. Haybach, Hormones and Vestibular Disorders, hormones 3 (2006) 6.
38. D.-H. Bang, H.-S. Cho, Effect of body awareness training on balance and walking ability in chronic stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial, Journal of physical therapy science 28(1) (2016) 198-201.
39. L. Larsson, K. Frändin, Body awareness and Dance-Based training for persons with acquired Blindness—Effects on balance and gait speed, Visual impairment research 8(1-2) (2006) 25-40.
40. R.M. Rine, J. Braswell, D. Fisher, K. Joyce, K. Kalar, M. Shaffer, Improvement of motor development and postural control following intervention in children with sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular impairment, International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 68(9) (2004) 1141-1148.
41. P.P. Perrin, G.C. Gauchard, C. Perrot, C. Jeandel, Effects of physical and sporting activities on balance control in elderly people, British journal of sports medicine 33(2) (1999) 121-126.
42. T.E. Howe, L. Rochester, F. Neil, D.A. Skelton, C. Ballinger, Exercise for improving balance in older people, Cochrane database of systematic reviews (11) (2011).
43. C. Hrysomallis, Balance ability and athletic performance, Sports medicine 41(3) (2011) 221-232.
44. Ö. Ülger, N.V. Yağlı, Effects of yoga on balance and gait properties in women with musculoskeletal problems: a pilot study, Complementary therapies in clinical practice 17(1) (2011) 13-15.
45. M. Sharghi, S.M. Mansurkhani, D.A. Larky, W. Kooti, M. Niksefat, M. Firoozbakht, et al., An update and systematic review on the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea, JBRA assisted reproduction 23(1) (2019) 51.
46. P. Kisacik, E. Unal, U. Akman, G. Yapali, E. Karabulut, A. Akdogan, Investigating the effects of a multidimensional exercise program on symptoms and antiinflammatory status in female patients with ankylosing spondylitis, Complementary therapies in clinical practice 22 (2016) 38-43.
47. A.M. Kuramoto, Therapeutic benefits of Tai Chi exercise: research review, WMJ-MADISON- 105(7) (2006) 42.
48. G. Matthewman, A. Lee, J.G. Kaur, A.J. Daley, Physical activity for primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 219(3) (2018) 255. e1-255. e20.