Lipit raftlar ve bir lipit raft proteini olan Raftlin’in yapısı ve klinik kullanım

Öz

Lipit raftları (lipit salları), doymuş fosfolipitler, sfingolipitler ve kolesterol bakımından zenginleştirilmiş membran mikro domainleridir. Polarize trafik, sinyal iletimi, endositoz ve ekzositoz, zorunlu hücre içi patojenlerin girişi ve çeşitli hastalıklar ile ilişkili patolojik protein formlarının üretimi dahil olmak üzere çeşitli hücresel süreçlerde yer alırlar. Lipit rafları, çeşitli ve farklı protein bileşimine sahiptirler. Ana lipit raft proteini olan Raftlin (RFTN), B hücrelerinde bulunur ve B hücresi antijen reseptörünün (BCR) sinyal iletiminin düzenlenmesinden sorumludur. Raftlin ayrıca otoimmün yanıtın ve vasküler inflamatuar yanıtın indüklenmesinde önemli rol oynar. Raftlin, inflamatuar hastalıkların tanısını ve immün yanıtı karakterize etmek için vasküler inflamatuar yanıtın patofizyolojisinde kullanılan bir parametredir. Bu derlemede, lipit raftlarının ve bir lipit raft proteini olan Raftlinin yapısı, özelliği ve kullanım alanları ile ilgili bilgilerin aktarılması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Raftlin
• Lipit raft proteni
• B hücresi antijen reseptörü(BCR)

Lipid rafts and the structure and clinical uses of Raftlin, a lipid raft protein

Öz

Lipid rafts (lipid rafts) are membrane micro-domains with enriched phospholipids, sphingolipids and contents. Polarized traffic is included in a variety of data, including signaling patterns, endocytosis and exocytosis, the entry of obligate intracellular pathogens, and the production of pathological forms of protein spread by various diseases. The lipid racks bring together various and different groups of proteins. Raftlin (RFTN), the main lipid raft protein, is found in B cells and is responsible for regulating B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling. Raftlin also plays an important role in inducing the autoimmune response and the vascular inflammatory response. Raftlin is a parameter used in the pathophysiology of the vascular inflammatory response to diagnose inflammatory diseases and characterize the immune response. In this review, it is aimed to convey information about the structure, properties and usage areas of lipid rafts and Raftlin, a lipid raft protein.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Raftlin
• lipid raft protein
• B cell antigen receptor (BCR)

Kaynakça

1. Simons K ,Toomre . Lipid rafts and signal transduction, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol ,2000, vol. 1 (pg. 31-39) 10.1038/35036052
2. Lee W, Yoo H, Ku S, Kim S, Bae J. Raftlin: a New Biomarker in Human Sepsis. 2014; (37) 706-711
3. Y. Barenholz, G. Cevc, in: A. Baszkin, W. Norde (Eds.), PhysicalChemistry of Biological Surfaces, Marcel Dekker, New York,2000, pp. 171–241.
4. S.J. Singer, G.L. Nicolson, Science 175 (1972) 720–731.[3] R.B. Gennis, Biomembranes: Molecular Structure and Function,Springer, New York, 1989, 182–187.
5. Wisniewska, J. Draus, W.K. Subczynski, Cell. Mol. Biol.Lett. 8 (2003) 147–159.
6. R. Silvius, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1610 (2003) 174–183.[7] D.A. Brown, E. London, J. Biol. Chem. 275 (2000)17221–17224.
7. K. Simons, E. Ikonen, Nature 387 (1997) 569–572.[9] E.J. Smart, G.A. Graf, M.A. Mcniven, W.C. Sessa, J.A.Engelman, P.E. Scherer, T. Okamoto, M.P. Lisanti, Mol. Cell.
8. Ripa, I., Andreu, S., López-Guerrero, J. A., & Bello-Morales, R. Membrane rafts: portals for viral entry. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021, 12, 631274.

9. W.B. Huttner, J. Zimmerberg, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 13 (2001)478–484.
10. V.N. Gupta, A.L. DeFranco, Mol. Biol. Cell 14 (2003)432–444.
11. L.J. Pike, Biochem. J. 378 (2004) 281–292.
12. I.A. Prior, R.G. Parton, J.F. Hancock, Science STKE 2003, PL9(2003).
13. I.A. Prior, C. Muncke, R.G. Parton, J.F. Hancock, J. Cell Biol.160 (2003) 165–170.
14. E.L. Brown, D.S. Lyles, Virology 310 (2003) 343–358.
15. M. Takeda, G.P. Leser, C.J. Russell, R.A. Lamb, Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. USA 100 (2003) 14610–14617.
16. K. Malynska, J. Malynsky, M. Opekarova, W. Tanner, Mol.Biol. Cell 14 (2003) 4427–4436
17. Saeki, K., Miura, Y., Aki, D., Kurosaki, T., & Yoshimura, The B cell-specific major raft protein, Raftlin, is necessary for the integrity of lipid raft and BCR signal transduction. The EMBO journal, 2003, 22(12), 3015-3026.
18. Chaowei Deng , Lu Zhang , Xiaoping Ma et al. Department of Cell Biology and Genetics/Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
19. Kazuko Saeki, Saturo Fukuyama, Toranoshin Ayada et al. J Immunol (2009) 182 (10): 5929–5937.
20. Bae JS, Yang L, Rezaie AR . Lipid raft localization regulates the cleavage specificity of protease activated receptor 1 in endothelial cells. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2008 6:954–961
21. Desouassoux G, Levy P, Rossini E et al Sleep apnea is associated with bronchial inflammation and continuous positive airway pressure–induced airway hyperresponsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007 119(3):597–603
22. Bilal N, Kurutas EB, Orhan I, Bilal B, Doganer A. Evaluation of preoperative and postoperative serum interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor α and raftlin levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath. 2021 Jun;25(2):819-826.
23. Larsen PL, Tos M . Origin of nasal polyps: an endoscopic autopsy study. Laryngoscope 2004 114(4):710–719. https://doi.org/10. 1097/00005537-200404000-00022
24. Kumbul YÇ, Yasan H, Okur E, Tüz M, Sivrice ME, Akın V ve ark. The role of raftlin in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Jul;279(7):3519-3523.
25. Bilgen F, Ural A, Kurutas EB, Bekerecioglu M. The effect of oxidative stress and Raftlin levels on wound healing. Int Wound J. 2019 Oct;16(5):1178-1184.
26. Qiu X, Wu Y, Zhang D, Zhang H, et al. Roles of Oxidative Stress and Raftlin in Wound Healing Under Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2021 Nov 20;14:1745-1753.
27. Akshintala VS, Kamal A, Singh VK. Uncomplicated acute pancreatitis: evidenced-based management decisions. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics. 2018;28(4):425-38.
28. Kocaeli Med J. 2021; 10(2): 187-193 | DOI: 10.5505/ktd.2021.55938
29. Peranteau WH., Smink DS. Appendix, Meckel's, and Other Small Bowel Diverticula. In: Zinner MJ, Ashley SW. eds. Maingot's Abdominal Operations. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013; pp 643-4.
30. Ozer OF, Guler EM, Kocyigit A, Selek S, Yigit M, Meral I ve ark. Raftlin, presepsin levels and thiol-disulphide homeostasis in acute appendicitis: A pilot study. J Pak Med Assoc. 2018 Nov;68(11):1660-1665. PMID: 30410146.
31. Hursitoglu O, Kurutas EB, Strawbridge R, Oner E, Gungor M, Tuman TC, Uygur OF. Serum NOX1 and Raftlin as new potential biomarkers of Major Depressive Disorder: A study in treatment-naive first episode patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2023 Mar 8;121:110670.
32. Hurşitoğlu O, Kurutas EB, Strawbridge R, Uygur OF, Yildiz E, Reilly TJ. Serum NOX1 and Raftlin as New Potential Biomarkers of Interest in Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2022 Nov 2;18:2519-2527.
33. Deng C, Zhang L, Ma X, Cai S, Jia Y, Zhao L. RFTN1 facilitates gastric cancer progression by modulating AKT/p38 signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract. 2022 Jun;234:153902. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153902. Epub 2022 Apr 18. PMID: 35490655.
34. Ozer A, Tolun F, Aslan F, Hatırnaz S, Alkan F. The role of G protein-associated estrogen receptor (GPER) 1, corin, raftlin, and estrogen in etiopathogenesis of intrauterine growth retardation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021 Mar;34(5):755-760.
35. Zekanowski C, Brouwers N, Maruszak A, Brunner F, Huynh KD, Kilander L, et al. Association study of cholesterol-related genes in Alzheimer's disease. Neurogenetics. 2007 Aug;8(3):179-88.