Sistemik Etki İçin Nazal Yol

Öz

Türkçe Özet:Nazal epitelin yüksek geçirgenliği, geniş absorpsiyon alanının varlığı, kan akımının hızlı olması gibi avantajları ile nazal yol; sistemik etki için pek çok ilacın alternatif veriliş yolu haline gelmiştir. İlacın nazal mukozadan geçişinde pek çok faktör rol oynamaktadır. Bu faktörler arasında başta etkin maddenin molekül ağırlığı gelmektedir. Düşük molekül ağırlığına sahip nazal uygulanan ilaçlar eczane raflarında yerini alırken, son yıllarda yüksek molekül ağırlığına sahip ilaçların (peptit ve protein) da nazal verilişi yaygın olarak araştırılmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar nazal yolla kullanılan penetrasyon arttırıcı maddelerin, ilaçların nazal mukozadan geçişinde son derece etkin olduğunu göstermiştir. Diğer bir yaklaşım da formülasyonlarda yeni ilaç taşıyıcı sistemlerin (emülsiyon, mikroemülsiyon, lipozom, insert, mikro- ve nanopartiküller) kullanılmasıdır. Bu derlemede, nazal yolun özellikleri, mukus sekresyonu ve mukosiliyer klerens, nazal mukozadan ilacın absorpsiyonunu etkileyen faktörler, nazal mukozadan geçiş ve geçişin arttırılması ve yeni nazal dozaj şekilleri ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• nazal yol, nazal absorpsiyon, nazal dozaj şekilleri.

Sistemik Etki İçin Nazal Yol

Öz

AbstractNasal Route for Systemic Effect Nasal route has become an alternative route of delivery for a large number of drugs to produce systemic effect as it possesses advantageous such as high permeability, wide area of absorption, rapid blood flow. A numerous parameters play important role in drug transport through the nasal mucosa. Among of these factors, molecular weight of drugs is the most important one. While the low molecular weight drugs in nasal forms with systemic effect are currently taking place in the shelves of pharmacy stores, nasal administration of high molecular weight drugs (e.g. peptide and proteins) have also been widely investigated. The studies conducted on the subject indicated that the penetration enhancers for nasal delivery are highly effective in the transport of drugs through nasal mucosal membrane. Another approach is to use the novel drug carriers (emulsions, microemulsions, liposomes, inserts, micro- and nanoparticulates) in formulations for nasal delivery. In this article, the properties of nasal route, mucus secretion, mucociliary clearance, parameters affecting nasal drug absorption, transport mechanisms across nasal mucosa, enhancement of drug transport, and novel nasal dosage forms were reviewed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• nasal route, nasal absorption, nasal dosage forms.

Kaynakça

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