Deneysel şizofreni modellerinin oluşturulması ve deneysel yöntemlerle şizofreni belirtilerinin değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Yaygın ve ciddi bir psikiyatrik hastalık olan şizofreni, dünya nüfusunun %0.5-%1’ini etkilemektedir. Şizofreni çeşitli semptomlarla seyretmesi nedeniyle kompleks klinik bulguları olan nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Etiyolojisi tam olarak bilinemeyen şizofrenin gelişiminde beyindeki kimyasalların, yapısal farklılıkların ve genlerin etkisi olduğu düşünülürken; patogenezinde çevresel, psikolojik ve sosyal etkenlerin rolü olduğu düşünülmektedir. Deneysel hayvan modellerinin geliştirilmesi, insanlarda modellenemeyen bu hastalığın fizyopatolojisini ve nörobiyolojik temellerinin anlaşılmasına imkân sağlamaktadır. Deneysel yöntem olarak kalsineurin, neuregulin gibi genler genetik modellerde; prenatal stres gelişimsel modellerde; dopaminerjik agonist gibi ilaçlar ilaç ve kimyasal modellerde; hipokampal lezyon neonatal hipokampüs lezyon modellerinde deneysel hayvan modelleri oluşturulmasında kullanılmaktadır. Düşük enerji, motivasyon eksikliği, delüzyon, halüsinasyon, anlamada ve öğrenmede yetersizlik, bellekte zayıflama vb. şizofreninin bilinen semptomlarındandır. Değişik yöntemlerle oluşturulan deneysel hayvan modellerinde hangi semptomun ortaya çıktığını belirlemek için davranışsal test yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu test yöntemlerinden prepulse inhibisyon ve yeni obje tanıma testleri çoğunlukla kullanılmaktadır. Yeni obje tanıma testi şizofreninin kognitif semptomlarıyla, prepulse inhibisyon testi ise pozitif semptomlarıyla ilgilidir. Genetik, gelişimsel ve kimyasal modellerle oluşturulan bu hastalığın temellerini kavrayabilmek ve yeni tedaviler geliştirebilmek için deney hayvanı modellerinin geliştirilmesi ve daha geniş çaplı çalışmalarda kullanılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bellek,deneysel hayvan modelleri,fizyopatoloji,genetik,şizofreni

Development of experimental schizophrenia models and evaluation of schizophrenia symptoms with tests

Öz

Schizophrenia, a common and serious psychiatric disorder, affects 0.5% to 1% of the world population. Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex clinical findings due to various symptoms. While the etiology of schizophrenia is unknown, it is thought that chemicals in the brain, structural differences and genes have effects on the disease; environmental, psychological and social factors are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis. The development of experimental animal models allows for better understanding of the physiopathology and neurobiological bases of this disease which cannot be modeled in humans. As different experimental methods, genes such as calcineurin and neuregulin in genetic models; prenatal stress in developmental models; drugs such as dopaminergic agonist in pharmaceutical and chemical models; hippocampal lesion is used in the production of experimental animal models. Low energy, lack of motivation, delusion, hallucinations, inability to understand and learning, memory attenuation etc. are known as symptoms of schizophrenia. In experimental animal models produced by different methods, behavioral test models are used to determine which symptoms occur. Among these test methods, prepulse inhibition and new object recognition tests are mostly used. The new object recognition test is related to the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia while the prepulse inhibition test is related to its positive symptoms. In order to understand the basics of this disease, which is formed by genetic, developmental and chemical models, and to develop new treatments, we reached a conclusion that more advanced experimental animal models should be developed and used in more comprehensive studies. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Memory,experimental animal models,physiopathology,genetic,schizophrenia

Kaynakça

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