Aralıklı açlık uygulamalarının vücut bileşimi ve biyokimyasal parametreler üzerine etkisi: Bir literatür derlemesi

Öz

Son dönemlerde popüler bir konu haline gelen aralıklı açlık uygulamaları, alternatif bir enerji kısıtlama yöntemidir. ‘Zaman kısıtlı beslenme’, ‘alternatif gün açlığı’, ‘5:2 diyet’ ve ‘ramazan açlığı’ literatürde en sık kullanılan açlık protokolleridir. Yapılan çalışmalarda, bu uygulamaların obezite, insülin direnci, dislipidemi, hipertansiyon, inflamasyon, diyabet, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, kanser ve nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda etkili olabileceği üzerinde durulmaktadır. Günümüzde aralıklı açlık uygulamaları için yapılan sağlık önerileri daha çok hayvan çalışmalarından elde edilen sonuçlara dayanmaktadır. İnsan çalışmalarından elde edilen veriler, bu uygulamaların vücut bileşimi, kan lipitleri, glukoz ve insülin düzeyleri, inflamatuar sitokinler, açlık-tokluk hormonları ve kan basıncı üzerine olumlu etkilerinin olabileceğini desteklemektedir. Ancak, toplumda beslenme açısından yüksek risk grubu olan kronik hastalığı olan bireyler, gebe ve emziren kadınlar, küçük çocuklar ve yaşlı bireyler açlık uygulamalarının yan etkileri açısından risk altındadır ve açlık uygulamaktan kaçınmalıdır. Sağlıklı popülasyonda ve kronik hastalığı olan bireylerde aralıklı açlık uygulamalarının etkilerinin açığa kavuşturulması için uzun süreli sağlık sonuçlarını değerlendiren araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Bu derlemede aralıklı açlık uygulamalarının vücut bileşimi ve biyokimyasal parametreler üzerine olan etkisi insan çalışmaları ile irdelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• aralıklı açlık
• vücut bileşimi
• biyokimyasal parametreler

Öz

Intermittent fasting practices, which have recently become a popular topic, are an alternative energy restriction method. 'Time-restricted feeding', 'alternate day fasting', 'the 5: 2 diet' and 'Ramadan fasting' are the most frequently used fasting protocols in the literature. Studies have been emphasized that these practices can be effective in obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Today, health recommendations for intermittent fasting practices are mostly based on results from animal studies. Data from human studies support that these practices may have positive effects on body composition, blood lipids, glucose and insulin levels, inflammatory cytokines, hunger-satiety hormones and blood pressure. However, individuals with chronic disease, pregnant and lactating women, young children and elderly individuals who are at high risk of nutrition in the society are at risk for the side effects of fasting practices and should avoid fasting. There is need for research evaluating the long-term health outcomes to clarify the effects of intermittent fasting practices in healthy populations and individuals with chronic disease. In this review, the effect of intermittent fasting practices on body composition and biochemical parameters was investigated by human studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Intermittent fasting
• body composition
• biochemical parameters

Kaynakça

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