İzolasyon ve karantinanın ruh sağlığı üzerine etkileri

Öz

COVID-19 hastalığına yol açan SARS-CoV-2 (şiddetli akut solunum yolu sendromu koronavirüsü 2) virüsü yaklaşık 1 yıldır tüm dünya gündeminin en önemli konusudur. Koronavirüs pandemisi fiziksel, ruhsal, sosyal, ekonomik ve daha birçok yönden yıkıcı etkilere sebep olmuştur ve bu yıkıcı etkileri devam etmektedir. Çok eski tarihlerden bu yana salgınlardan korunmak için kullanılan karantina ve izolasyon yöntemleri ise pandeminin başından bu yana hayatımızın ayrılmaz bir parçası olup hâlâ salgınlardan korunmanın en etkin yöntemlerinden birisidir. Salgınlarda etkisi kanıtlanmış olan bu yöntem diğer yandan biyopsikososyal birçok olumsuz etkisini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Karantina dolayısıyla çalışamama ve kazancın azalması, aile içi şiddette artış, artmış çocuk ihmali/istismarı, alkol-madde kullanımında artış, damgalanma, sağlık çalışanları üzerindeki baskı ve iş yükünde artış, diğer fiziksel hastalıkların kontrolünün yapılamaması ve tedaviye ulaşamamaya bağlı kronik hastalıkların oluşturdukları sekeller, yaşlıların temel ihtiyaçlarını gidermelerindeki zorluklar ve sosyal geri çekilme kişilerde sıkıntı hissi, öfke, sinirlilik, kaygı gibi hayatın pek çok yönünü etkileyen önemli ruhsal etkilenime ve depresyon, anksiyete bozuklukları, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu gibi bir çok ruhsal bozukluğun ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmaktadır. Pandemi dönemlerinde ortaya çıkan ruhsal sorunların pandemi bittikten sonra da aylarca devam ettiği ve kişilerin işlevselliğini ve dolayısıyla toplumun işlevselliğini bozduğu geçmişte yapılan birçok çalışmada gösterilmiştir. Böylesine dramatik sonuçlara sebep olma riski taşıyan karantina ve izolasyonun başarılı bir şekilde yönetilmesi için yöneticilerin halka yönelik şeffaf bilgilendirme yapması, özel grupta yer alan kişilerin temel ihtiyaçlarının giderilmesi ve koruyucu ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin güçlendirilmesi önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Salgın
• pandemi
• Ruh sağlığı
• psikoloji
• ruhsal bozukluk

The psychological ımpact of quarantine and ısolation

Öz

SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) pandemic which causes COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) has been the most important topic of the agenda all over the world for about 1 year. The pandemic has caused destructive effects in physical and mental health and also social, economic and many other aspects, and these destructive effects still continue. Quarantine and isolation methods, which have been used to protect against epidemics and pandemics since ancient times, have been an integral part of our lives since the beginning of the pandemic and are still one of the most effective methods of protection from epidemics and pandemics. This method, which has been proven to be effective, also brings many biopsychosocial negative effects along with it. Social withdrawal, being away from work and decrease in earnings, increase in domestic violence and child neglect / abuse, increase in alcohol-substance use, stigma, pressure and overload on healthcare workers, the sequelae of chronic diseases due to not having access to treatments, even difficulties in meeting basic needs due to quarantine cause significant psychological impacts such as distress, anger, irritability, anxiety, and many mental disorders such as depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder during the pandemic. It has been shown in many past studies that the mental problems that occur during pandemic periods continue for months after the pandemic ends and disrupts the functionality of people and thus the functionality of the society. In order to successfully manage quarantine and isolation, which have the risk of causing such dramatic consequences, government officials should consider to provide transparent information to the public, to meet the basic needs of the people in the special group and to strengthen preventive mental health services.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pandemic
• psychology
• mental health
• mental disorders

Kaynakça

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