Şeker Bağımlılığı: Gerçek mi hayal ürünü mü?

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 444 - 456, 05.12.2020

Sabriye Arslan İdil İmamoğlu Hilal Yıldıran

https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.687364

Öz

Şeker, hem enerji içeriği hem de tadı nedeniyle beynimizdeki ödül sistemini tetikleyen lezzetli bir besindir ve yiyecek bağımlılığına neden olan işlenmiş besinlerin ana yüzünü oluşturmaktadır. Şekerin beyindeki, genel etkileri ve özellikle de beynin ödül yolaklarında etkileri yoğun bir araştırma ve tartışma alanı olmuştur. Şeker tüketimi, mezokortikolimbik sistemi madde kullanımıyla benzer şekilde aktive eder. Şeker alımına bağlı olarak beyinde dopamin D1 reseptör bağlanmasında artış ve D2 reseptör bağlantısında azalma olmakta ve dopamin seviyelerinde oluşan bu değişiklik önce yoksunluğa, ardından devam eden şeker alımına yol açabilmektedir. Kanda yüksek şeker seviyeleri periferik olarak salınan iştah hormonlarının düzenlenmesinin yanı sıra, hipotalamik iştah peptitlerini de etkilemektedir. Beyin nörokimyasında şeker alımıyla oluşan bu değişiklikler büyüklük bakımından daha küçük olmasına rağmen madde kullanımı ile meydana gelen değişikliklere benzerdir. Şekerin insan sağlığı üzerinde yarattığı olumsuz sonuçlar göz önünde bulundurulduğunda oluşturabileceği bağımlılığın ciddi sonuçlar yaratacağı açıktır. Bu sebeplere dayanarak, şeker tüketiminin azaltılması adına, hem bireysel hem de toplum sağlığına yönelik, devletin ve endüstrinin birlikte hareket ettiği adımlar atılması önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Şeker, Bağımlılık, Dopamin, Fruktoz, yeme bağımlılığı

Sugar addiction: Real or imagened?

Öz

Sugar is a delicious food that triggers the reward system in our brain because of its energy content and its taste. It is the main face of processed foods that cause food addiction. The general effects of sugar in the brain, in particular on reward pathways of the brain, have been an area of intense research and discussion. Sugar consumption activates the mesocorticolimbic system in a manner synonymous with substances of abuse. Increased dopamine D1 receptor binding and decreased D2 receptor binding in the brain due to sugar uptake, and this change in dopamine levels can lead to withdrawal, followed by continued sugar uptake. High levels of sugar in the blood affect the regulation of peripheral secreted appetite hormones, as well as hypothalamic appetite peptides. Although these changes in brain neurochemistry caused by sugar intake are smaller in size, they are similar to those caused by substance use. When the negative effects of sugar on human health are taken into consideration, it is clear that sugar addiction can create serious consequences. Based on these reasons, it is important to take steps in order to reduce sugar consumption, in which both the state and industry act together for both individual and public health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sugar, addiction, dopamine, fructose, eating addiction

Kaynakça

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