İnsan İmmün Yetmezlik Virüsü (HIV) ile enfekte çocuklarda beslenme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 147 - 156, 30.04.2023

Fatma Öznur Afacan Beyza Eliuz Tipici Birsen Demirel

https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.1169326

Öz

Edinsel immün yetmezlik sendromu, insan immün yetmezlik virüsünün neden olduğu bağışıklık sistemini zayıflatan bir enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. Günümüzde insan immün yetmezlik virüsü ve edinsel immün yetmezlik sendromu çocuklar için önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olmaya devam etmektedir. Birleşmiş Milletler İnsan immün yetmezlik virüsü / Edinsel immün yetmezlik sendromu Ortak Programı 2020 yılı raporlarına göre, insan immün yetmezlik virüsü ile yaşayan çocukların yaklaşık yarısı antiretroviral tedavi alabilmekte ve pediatrik insan immün yetmezlik virüsü enfeksiyonunun tedavisi, kaynakları kısıtlı olan ülkelerde zorlu olmaya devam etmektedir. İnsan immün yetmezlik virüsü ile yaşayan çocuklarda anormal vücut yağ dağılımı, insülin direnci, kemik yoğunluğunda azalma ve lipodistrofi sendromu gibi komplikasyonlar görülebilmektedir. Malnütrisyon ise, hastalığın progresif ilerlemesinde hızlandırıcı bir etkendir ve erken ölüm riskinin artmasına, yaşam kalitesinin düşmesine neden olmaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, insan immün yetmezlik virüsü ile yaşayan çocuklarda beslenme değerlendirmesi ve desteğinin önemli olduğunu bildirmektedir. Bununla beraber Beslenme ve Diyetetik Akademisi, tıbbi beslenme tedavisinin bu popülasyon için rutin bakıma entegrasyonunu desteklemekte ve insan immün yetmezlik virüsü ile yaşayan çocukları hedef alan bireyselleştirilmiş tıbbi beslenme tedavisini önermektedir. Bu derlemede insan immün yetmezlik virüsü ve edinsel immün yetmezlik sendromu ile yaşayan çocuklarda beslenme ile ilişkili klinik sorunlar, antiretroviral tedavinin yan etkileri ve tıbbi beslenme tedavisi hakkında güncel yaklaşımlar incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnsan immün yetmezlik virüsü, edinsel immün yetmezlik sendromu, tıbbi beslenme tedavisi

Nutrition in children ınfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Öz

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system. Today, human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome continue to be an important public health problem for children. According to the United Nations Joint Program on human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 2020 reports, nearly half of children living with human immunodeficiency virus can receive antiretroviral therapy, and the treatment of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection remains challenging in resource-constrained countries. Complications such as abnormal body fat distribution, insulin resistance, decreased bone density, and lipodystrophy syndrome can be seen in children living with human immunodeficiency virus. Malnutrition is an accelerating factor in the progressive progression of the disease and causes an increase in the risk of premature death and a decrease in the quality of life. The World Health Organization reports that nutritional assessment and support are important in children living with human immunodeficiency virus. However, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics supports the integration of medical nutrition therapy into routine care for this population and recommends individualized medical nutrition therapy targeting children living with human immunodeficiency virus. In this review, clinical problems related to nutrition in children living with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, side effects of antiretroviral therapy, and current approaches to medical nutrition therapy were examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, medical nutrition therapy

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