Araştırma Makalesi

İslamofobik Ortamlarda Yetişenlerin Ahiretteki Durumu

Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2 31 Aralık 2024
PDF İndir
EN TR

The Afterlife Condition Of Individuals Raised In Islamophobic Environments

Abstract

Just as it is a reality that Allah sends prophets to this world, which is a place of trial, it is also possible for some people to remain unaware of these prophets and the messages they brought. Consequently, the question of the afterlife judgment for those who have not received the divine invitation inevitably arises. In the history of Islamic thought, this issue has generally been discussed under the titles The Judgment of the People of Fatrah and The Judgment of Those Who Have Not Received the Invitation. Various approaches have emerged in this context. Many scholars argue that such individuals will be held responsible for acknowledging the existence and unity of Allah, and thus those who do not believe in this will be deserving of eternal punishment. In contrast, a significant group contends that these individuals are not subject to divine mandate and therefore will not be subjected to punishment in the hereafter and will enter paradise. Some also argue that since there is no mandate, neither affirming nor denying will occur for them. Consequently, in the hereafter, they will not enter hell as they are not considered disbelievers, nor will they remain eternally in paradise, as they are not considered believers. They will only receive the reward for their good deeds after the resurrection and then cease to exist. These differing perspectives highlight that this issue represents a significant subject requiring thorough and meticulous scholarly investigation. Nevertheless, research has revealed that there is no independent study focusing on the particular situation of individuals raised in an environment shaped by Islamophobia in relation to their fate in the hereafter. In this study, various perspectives in Islamic thought on this issue have been identified and evaluated. Thus, this study has been conducted with the aim of partially addressing this gap. In this context, the objective is to present this disputed issue while taking into consideration contemporary conditions. Additionally, the study aims to analyze the collected data, synthesize findings, and offer some evaluations. In this study, the methods of literature review, systematic analysis, and evaluation were employed. As a result of the research and examinations, it has been determined that individuals in such situations cannot all be placed in the same category, and that each person will be evaluated based on their unique circumstances in the afterlife. Therefore, it is believed that many of them will attain divine mercy and achieve salvation, while a certain group, possessing specific characteristics, may be deprived of divine mercy and face eternal loss in accordance with divine justice. To clarify further, it is considered appropriate to classify people of Interregnum into four groups. While it is hoped that the first three groups will attain divine mercy and enter Paradise, it is concluded, based on Islamic teachings, that the last group will not be deserving of divine mercy, although the final judgment belongs solely to God. These groups can be briefly described as follows: The first group includes those who, despite living in an environment influenced by Islamophobia, have never heard of Islam, either positively or negatively. Since there is no act of affirming or denying involved, it is not appropriate to classify these individuals as believers or disbelievers. Although it cannot be definitively stated, based on concrete evidence, that these individuals will enter Paradise, it is hoped that they will attain divine mercy and be admitted to Paradise. The second group consists of those who, despite being raised in such an environment, have heard of Islam negatively but do not harbor any hatred or hostility towards it, even inwardly, and maintain a passive stance. These individuals are neither theologically corrupt (fāsid) nor corruptive (mufsid). It is believed that they could be considered in the same category as the first group in the afterlife, and therefore it is hoped that they will attain divine mercy and be saved. The third group includes those who, due to the influence of such an environment, have heard of Islam negatively and developed negative thoughts, harboring hatred and hostility towards Islam and Muslims inwardly. However, this hatred remains confined within themselves and does not manifest in verbal or physical acts of violence, indicating a passive yet potentially active disposition. These individuals, while corrupt (fāsid) on a personal level, are not corruptive (mufsid), and thus it is hoped that they will be granted Al-lah’s forgiveness and enter Paradise. However, if Allah chooses to punish them, it would not be an injustice but an act of divine justice. If he rewards them, it would not be as a reward for obedience but rather an act of grace and generosity.

Keywords

Kalām (Islamıc teology) , Islamophobia , ahirah (hereafter) , dawah (invitation) , divine message , fatrah (interregnum).

Kaynakça

  1. Akçay, Mustafa. Çağdaş Dünyada İnsan ve Sorumluluğu. İstanbul: Işık Yayınları, 2001.
  2. Alıcı, Mustafa. “Batının Bitmeyen Sanal Korkusu: İslâmofobi”. Diyanet İlmî Dergi 55/2 (Nisan-Mayıs-Haziran 2019), 405-434.
  3. Âmidî, Ali b. Muhammed Seyfuddin. Ebkâru’l-efkâr fî Usûlu’d-din. 5 Cilt. Kâhire: Dâru’l-Kutub ve’l-Vesâiki’l-Kavmiyye, II. Basım, 2004.
  4. Âmidî, Ali b. Muhammed Seyfuddin. el-İhkâm fî usûli’l-ahkâm. 4 Cilt. Suud-i Arabîstan: Dâru’s-Samii, 2003.
  5. Askalânî, Ahmed b. Ali İbn Hacer. el-İsâbe fî temyîzi’s-sahâbe. thk. Âdil Ahmed Abdulmevcûd-Ali Muhammed Muavvid. 8 Cilt. Beyrut: Dâru’l-Kutubi’l-İlmiyye, 1415/1995.
  6. Aslan-Kayacı-Ünal, Seyfettin-Müslüm-Rukiye Rojda. “İslâmofobi ve Batı Dünyasındaki Yansımala-rı”. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 8/16 (Nisan 2016), 451-462.
  7. Bağdâdî, Abdülkâhir. Usûlu’d-dîn. İstanbul: y.y., 1346/1928.
  8. Bodur, Hüsnü Ezber. “Batı’da İslâm Karşıtlığının İcat Edilmiş Dili Olarak İslâmofobi”. İlahiyat Aka-demi Dergisi (6) (2017), 69-86.
  9. Budak, Selçuk. Psikoloji Sözlüğü. Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları, 2009.
  10. Can, Seyithan. “Marifetullah’ın Vücûbiyetine İlişkin Yaklaşımlara İnsanın Psikolojik, Genetik ve Nörobiyolojik Doğası Bağlamında Bir Çözümleme”. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 27/2 (Aralık 2023), 349-366.

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD
Şaşa, Mehmet. “İslamofobik Ortamlarda Yetişenlerin Ahiretteki Durumu”. Mesned İlahiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi 15/2 (01 Aralık 2024): 111-134. https://doi.org/10.51605/mesned.1561095.