The Role of Lexical Ambiguity in Natural Language Processing Systems

Öz

What are the basic tenets of a system that understands natural languages? What obstacles need to be overcome? One of the problems related to natural language understanding processes is ambiguity. There are two types of ambiguity: Syntactic ambiguity and lexical ambiguity. In syntactic ambiguity, an expression can be decomposed into its constituents in more than one way. In lexical ambiguity, words have more than one meaning. Lexical ambiguity is one of the features that distinguish natural languages from formal languages. There is no lexical ambiguity in a programming language. Is lexical ambiguity an obstacle to modeling natural languages? In other words, does it have adverse effects on artificial intelligence studies? In this work, with reference to contemporary literature, it is stated that lexical ambiguity, especially polysemy, is not a defect but an advantage for cognitive systems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ambiguity
• polysemy
• natural language processing
• cognitive economy
• the small-world hypothesis

Sözcüksel Muğlaklığın Doğal Dil İşleme Sistemlerindeki Yeri

Öz

Doğal dilleri anlayabilen bir sistemin temel özellikleri neler olmalıdır? Hangi engellerin aşılması gerekmektedir? Doğal dil anlama süreçleriyle ilgili önemli sorunlardan birisi de muğlaklık olarak görülmektedir. Muğlaklığın iki türünden bahsedilebilir: Sözdizimsel muğlaklık ve sözcüksel muğlaklık. Sözdizimsel muğlaklık durumunda verilen bir ifade bağlama göre birden fazla şekilde sözdizimsel parçalarına ayrılabilmektedir. Muğlaklığın diğer bir türü ise sözcüksel muğlaklıktır. Bu durumda, kelimeler birden fazla anlama sahiptirler. Sözcüksel muğlaklık doğal dilleri biçimsel dillerden ayıran özelliklerden birisidir. Bir programlama dilinin söz dağarcığındaki ifadeler için muğlaklıktan bahsetmek mümkün değildir. Sözcüksel muğlaklık doğal dillerin modellenmesinin önünde bir engel midir? Diğer bir deyişle doğal dillerdeki anlamsal muğlaklığın yapay zekâ çalışmalarını kötü yönde etkilediği söylenebilir mi? Bu çalışmada güncel literatür referans alınarak sözcüksel muğlaklığın özellikle de çokanlamlılığın doğal diller için bilişsel açıdan aslında bir avantaj olduğu ifade edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• muğlaklık
• çokanlamlılık
• doğal dil işleme
• bilişsel ekonomi
• küçük dünya hipotezi

Kaynakça

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