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Sağlık Sektöründe Duygusal Emeğin Kişilik ve Psikolojik Esenlikle İlişkileri

Yıl 2021, , 59 - 83, 27.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.55044/meusbd.993646

Öz

Bu çalışmada duygusal emeğin öncülleri ve çıktıları incelenmiştir. Duygusal emek, yüzeysel duygusal emek ve derin duygusal emek olmak üzere iki boyut temelinde ele alınmıştır. Duygusal emeği yordamak amacıyla 5-faktörlü kişilik modeli (nevrotiklik, dışadönüklük, deneyime açıklık, uyumluluk, sorumluluk bilinci) kullanılmıştır. Duygusal emeğin çıktısı olarak ise çalışanların psikolojik esenliği (yaşam doyumu, iş doyumu, psikolojik semptomlar) değerlendirilmiştir. Likert-tipi ölçekler içeren anketler kullanılarak hastanelerde görev yapan 230 sağlık çalışanından veri toplanmıştır. Yürütülen bir dizi standart çoklu regresyon analizi sonucunda yüzeysel duygusal emeğin dışadönüklük (+) ve kısmen uyumluluk (-) kişilik boyutları tarafından yordandığı; derin duygusal emeğin ise dışadönüklük (+), uyumluluk (+) ve sorumluluk bilinci (+) tarafından yordandığı tespit edilmiştir. Yüzeysel duygusal emek arttıkça yaşam doyumu azalmaktadır. Derin duygusal emeğin artması ve yüzeysel duygusal emeğin azalması, somatizasyon, depresyon ve hostilite semptomlarında azalma ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bu bulgular derin duygusal emeğin çalışan esenliği için faydalı, yüzeysel duygusal emeğin ise zararlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Yürütülen varyans analizi sonucuna göre özel sektör sağlık çalışanları devlet çalışanlarına kıyasla daha fazla duygusal emek sergilemektedirler. Çalışma bulgularının alanyazındaki yeri, örgütlerdeki pratik uygulamalar açısından yapılabilecekler ve çalışmanın sınırlılıkları tartışılmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Arnold, K. A. (2017). Transformational leadership and employee psychological well-being: A review and directions for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 381-393.
  • Arnold, K. A. ve Walsh, M. M. (2015). Customer incivility and employee well-being: Testing the moderating effects of meaning, perspective taking and transformational leadership. Work & Stress, 29, 362–378.
  • Aslan, Z., ve Arı, G. S. (2018). Kişilik ve duygusal emek arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma: Banka çalışanları örneği. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 30, 157-171.
  • Athota, V.S., Budhwar, P. ve Malik, A. (2020). Influence of personality traits and moral values on employee well-being, resilience and performance: A cross-national study. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 69(3), 653–685.
  • Barańczuk, U. (2019). The five factor model of personality and emotion regulation: A meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 217–227.
  • Barrick, M. R. ve Mount, M. K. (1991). The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1–26.
  • Beğenirbaş, M. ve Yalçın, R. C. (2012). Hizmetkâr liderlik algısının duygusal emek üzerine etkileri: hizmet çalışanları üzerinde bir araştırma. Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(37), 159-194.
  • Bilgic, R. (1999). A different way of testing the interaction between core job dimensions and growth need strength (GNS). In J. Axelsson, B. Bergman, & J. Eklund (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Conference on TQM and Human Factors (sf. 210-215).
  • Bono, J. E. ve Vey, M. A. (2005). Toward understanding emotional management at work: A quantitative review of emotional labor research. C. E. J. Hartel, W. J. Zerbe, ve N. M. Ashkanasy (Ed.), Emotions in organizational behavior (sf. 213–233). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Brotheridge, C. M. ve Grandey, A. A. (2002). Emotional labor and burnout: Comparing two perspectives of “people work.” Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 17–39.
  • Brotheridge, C. M. ve Lee, R. T. (2003). Development and validation of the emotional labour scale. Journalof Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76, 365–379.
  • Brown, M. (2004). Taking care of business: Self-help and sleep medicine in American corporate culture. Journal of Medical Humanities, 25, 173–187.
  • Burger, J. M. ve Caldwell, D. F. (2000). Personality, social activities, job-search behavior and interview success: Distinguishing between PANAS trait positive affect and NEO extraversion. Motivation and Emotion, 24, 51– 62.
  • Busseri, M. A., Sadava, S. W. ve DeCourville, N. (2007). A hybrid model for research on subjective well-being: Examining common and component-specific sources of variance in life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. Social Indicators Research, 83, 413–445.
  • Carmeli, A., Yitzhak-Halevy, M. ve Weisberg, J. (2009). The relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological wellbeing. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24, 66–78.
  • Cartwright, S. ve Cooper, G. (2008). Personnel Psychology, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Chi, N.-W. ve Grandey, A. A. (2019). Emotional labor predicts service performance depending on activation and inhibition regulatory fit. Journal of Management, 45(2), 673-700.
  • Costa, P. T., Jr. ve McCrae, R. R. (1989). The NEO-PI/NEO-FFl manual supplement. Odessa. FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Costa, P. T., Jr. ve McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: PAR.
  • Çizel, B., Selçuk, O. ve Atabay, E. (2020). Ortak Yöntem Yanlılığı Üzerine Sistematik Bir Yazın Taraması. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 31(1), 7 – 18.
  • Daniels, K. (2000). Measures of five aspects of affective well-being at work. Human Relations, 53, 275–294.
  • DeNeve, K. M. ve Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 197-229.
  • Diefendorff, J. M., Croyle, M. H. ve Gosserand, R. H. (2005). The dimensionality and antecedents of emotional labor strategies. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66, 339–357.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. ve Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71– 75.
  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E.ve Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276–302.
  • Diestel, S., Rivkin, W. ve Schmidt, K.-H. (2015). Sleep quality and self-control capacity as protective resources in the daily emotional labor process: Results from two diary studies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100, 809 – 827.
  • Gabriel, A. S. ve Diefendorff, J. M. (2015). Emotional labor dynamics: A momentary approach. Academy of Management Journal, 58, 1804–1825.
  • Gilbreath, B. ve Benson, P. G. (2004). The contribution of supervisor behavior to employee psychological well-being. Work & Stress, 18(3), 255-266.
  • Grandey, A.A. (1999). The Effects of Emotional Labor: Employee Atitudes, Stress and Performance. Yayınlanmış doktora tezi, Colorado State Unıversity, Colorado.
  • Grandey, A. A. (2000). Emotion regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 95-110.
  • Grandey, A. A. (2003). When “the show must go on”: Surface and deep acting as determinants of emotional exhaustion and peer-rated service delivery. Academy of Management Journal, 46, 86–96.
  • Grandey, A. A., Chi, N. W. ve Diamond, J. A. (2013). Show me the money! Do financial rewards for performance enhance or undermine the satisfaction from emotional labor? Personnel Psychology, 66, 569–612.
  • Grandey, A., Diefendorff, J. ve Rupp, D. E. (2013). Emotional labor in the 21st century: Diverse perspectives on emotion regulation at work. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271–299.
  • Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26, 1–26.
  • Hackman, J. R. ve Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of Job Diagnostic Survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 159-170.
  • Heffernan, M. ve Dundon, T. (2016). Cross-level effects of high-performance work systems (HPWS) and employee well-being: the mediating effect of organizational justice. Human Resource Management Journal, 26(2), 211–231.
  • Higgins, E. T. (1998). Promotion and prevention: Regulatory focus as a motivational principle. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 1– 45.
  • Hochschild, A. (1979). Emotion work, feeling rules, and social structure. American Journal of Sociology, 85, 551-575.
  • Hochschild, A. (1983). Comment on Kemper’s “social constructionist and positivist approaches to the sociology of emotions”. American Journal of Sociology, 89(2):432–34.
  • Humphrey, R. H., Ashforth, B. E. ve Diefendorff, J. M. (2015). The bright side of emotional labor. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36, 749–769.
  • Hülsheger, U. R., Alberts, H. J. E. M., Feinholdt, A. ve Langer, J. W. B. (2013). Benefits of mindfulness at work: The role of mindfulness in emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(2), 310-325.
  • Hülsheger, U. R. ve Schewe, A. F. (2011). On the costs and benefits of emotional labor: A meta-analysis of three decades of research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16, 361–389.
  • John, O. P., Donahue, E. ve Kentle, R. L. (1992). The Big Five Inventory: Versions 4a and 54. Technical Report, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, Institute of Personality Assessment and Research.
  • Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Ilies, R. ve Gerhardt, M. W. (2002). Personality and leadership: A qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 765–780.
  • Judge, T. A., Heller, D. ve Mount, M. K. (2002). Personality and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 530–541.
  • Judge, T. A., Woolf, E. F. ve Hurst, C. (2009). Is emotional labor more difficult for some than for others? A multi-level, experience-sampling study. Personnel Psychology, 62, 57–88.
  • Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., Rubenstein, A. L., Long, D. M., Odio, M. A., Buckman, B. R. (2013). A meta-analytic structural model of dispositional affectivity and emotional labor. Personnel Psychology, 66, 47–90.
  • Karim, J. ve Weisz, R. (2011). Emotional intelligence as a moderator of affectivity/emotional labor and emotional labor/psychological distress relationships. Psychological Studies, 56, 348–359.
  • Keyes, C. L. M. (2006). Subjective well-being in mental health and human development research worldwide: An introduction. Social Indicators Research, 77, 1–10.
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The Relationship of Emotional Labor and Personality and Psychological Wellbeing in the Health Sector

Yıl 2021, , 59 - 83, 27.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.55044/meusbd.993646

Öz

Aim of this study was to investigate the antecedents and consequences of emotional labor. Emotional labor was assessed based on the two dimensions of surface acting and deep acting. The five-factor model of personality (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) was used to predict emotional labor. Employee psychological wellbeing (life satisfaction, job satisfaction, psychological symptoms) was used as a consequence of emotional labor. Questionnaires including Likert-type scales were used to collect data from 230 health workers employed in various hospitals. Standard multiple regression analyses revealed that surface acting was predicted by the personality dimensions of extraversion (+) and agreeableness (-), while deep acting was predicted by extraversion (+), agreeableness (+), and conscientiousness (+). Increase in surface acting was associated with a decrease in life satisfaction. Increase in deep acting and decrease in surface acting was accompanied by a decrease in symptoms of somatization, depression, and hostility. These findings indicate that deep acting promotes but surface acting deteriorates employee psychological wellbeing. An additional variance analysis demonstrated that private sector health workers displayed higher levels of emotional labor compared to public sector workers. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings and the limitations of the study are discussed.

Kaynakça

  • Arnold, K. A. (2017). Transformational leadership and employee psychological well-being: A review and directions for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 381-393.
  • Arnold, K. A. ve Walsh, M. M. (2015). Customer incivility and employee well-being: Testing the moderating effects of meaning, perspective taking and transformational leadership. Work & Stress, 29, 362–378.
  • Aslan, Z., ve Arı, G. S. (2018). Kişilik ve duygusal emek arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma: Banka çalışanları örneği. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 30, 157-171.
  • Athota, V.S., Budhwar, P. ve Malik, A. (2020). Influence of personality traits and moral values on employee well-being, resilience and performance: A cross-national study. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 69(3), 653–685.
  • Barańczuk, U. (2019). The five factor model of personality and emotion regulation: A meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 217–227.
  • Barrick, M. R. ve Mount, M. K. (1991). The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1–26.
  • Beğenirbaş, M. ve Yalçın, R. C. (2012). Hizmetkâr liderlik algısının duygusal emek üzerine etkileri: hizmet çalışanları üzerinde bir araştırma. Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(37), 159-194.
  • Bilgic, R. (1999). A different way of testing the interaction between core job dimensions and growth need strength (GNS). In J. Axelsson, B. Bergman, & J. Eklund (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Conference on TQM and Human Factors (sf. 210-215).
  • Bono, J. E. ve Vey, M. A. (2005). Toward understanding emotional management at work: A quantitative review of emotional labor research. C. E. J. Hartel, W. J. Zerbe, ve N. M. Ashkanasy (Ed.), Emotions in organizational behavior (sf. 213–233). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Brotheridge, C. M. ve Grandey, A. A. (2002). Emotional labor and burnout: Comparing two perspectives of “people work.” Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 17–39.
  • Brotheridge, C. M. ve Lee, R. T. (2003). Development and validation of the emotional labour scale. Journalof Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76, 365–379.
  • Brown, M. (2004). Taking care of business: Self-help and sleep medicine in American corporate culture. Journal of Medical Humanities, 25, 173–187.
  • Burger, J. M. ve Caldwell, D. F. (2000). Personality, social activities, job-search behavior and interview success: Distinguishing between PANAS trait positive affect and NEO extraversion. Motivation and Emotion, 24, 51– 62.
  • Busseri, M. A., Sadava, S. W. ve DeCourville, N. (2007). A hybrid model for research on subjective well-being: Examining common and component-specific sources of variance in life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. Social Indicators Research, 83, 413–445.
  • Carmeli, A., Yitzhak-Halevy, M. ve Weisberg, J. (2009). The relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological wellbeing. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24, 66–78.
  • Cartwright, S. ve Cooper, G. (2008). Personnel Psychology, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Chi, N.-W. ve Grandey, A. A. (2019). Emotional labor predicts service performance depending on activation and inhibition regulatory fit. Journal of Management, 45(2), 673-700.
  • Costa, P. T., Jr. ve McCrae, R. R. (1989). The NEO-PI/NEO-FFl manual supplement. Odessa. FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Costa, P. T., Jr. ve McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: PAR.
  • Çizel, B., Selçuk, O. ve Atabay, E. (2020). Ortak Yöntem Yanlılığı Üzerine Sistematik Bir Yazın Taraması. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 31(1), 7 – 18.
  • Daniels, K. (2000). Measures of five aspects of affective well-being at work. Human Relations, 53, 275–294.
  • DeNeve, K. M. ve Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 197-229.
  • Diefendorff, J. M., Croyle, M. H. ve Gosserand, R. H. (2005). The dimensionality and antecedents of emotional labor strategies. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66, 339–357.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J. ve Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71– 75.
  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E.ve Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276–302.
  • Diestel, S., Rivkin, W. ve Schmidt, K.-H. (2015). Sleep quality and self-control capacity as protective resources in the daily emotional labor process: Results from two diary studies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100, 809 – 827.
  • Gabriel, A. S. ve Diefendorff, J. M. (2015). Emotional labor dynamics: A momentary approach. Academy of Management Journal, 58, 1804–1825.
  • Gilbreath, B. ve Benson, P. G. (2004). The contribution of supervisor behavior to employee psychological well-being. Work & Stress, 18(3), 255-266.
  • Grandey, A.A. (1999). The Effects of Emotional Labor: Employee Atitudes, Stress and Performance. Yayınlanmış doktora tezi, Colorado State Unıversity, Colorado.
  • Grandey, A. A. (2000). Emotion regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 95-110.
  • Grandey, A. A. (2003). When “the show must go on”: Surface and deep acting as determinants of emotional exhaustion and peer-rated service delivery. Academy of Management Journal, 46, 86–96.
  • Grandey, A. A., Chi, N. W. ve Diamond, J. A. (2013). Show me the money! Do financial rewards for performance enhance or undermine the satisfaction from emotional labor? Personnel Psychology, 66, 569–612.
  • Grandey, A., Diefendorff, J. ve Rupp, D. E. (2013). Emotional labor in the 21st century: Diverse perspectives on emotion regulation at work. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271–299.
  • Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26, 1–26.
  • Hackman, J. R. ve Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of Job Diagnostic Survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 159-170.
  • Heffernan, M. ve Dundon, T. (2016). Cross-level effects of high-performance work systems (HPWS) and employee well-being: the mediating effect of organizational justice. Human Resource Management Journal, 26(2), 211–231.
  • Higgins, E. T. (1998). Promotion and prevention: Regulatory focus as a motivational principle. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 1– 45.
  • Hochschild, A. (1979). Emotion work, feeling rules, and social structure. American Journal of Sociology, 85, 551-575.
  • Hochschild, A. (1983). Comment on Kemper’s “social constructionist and positivist approaches to the sociology of emotions”. American Journal of Sociology, 89(2):432–34.
  • Humphrey, R. H., Ashforth, B. E. ve Diefendorff, J. M. (2015). The bright side of emotional labor. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36, 749–769.
  • Hülsheger, U. R., Alberts, H. J. E. M., Feinholdt, A. ve Langer, J. W. B. (2013). Benefits of mindfulness at work: The role of mindfulness in emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(2), 310-325.
  • Hülsheger, U. R. ve Schewe, A. F. (2011). On the costs and benefits of emotional labor: A meta-analysis of three decades of research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16, 361–389.
  • John, O. P., Donahue, E. ve Kentle, R. L. (1992). The Big Five Inventory: Versions 4a and 54. Technical Report, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, Institute of Personality Assessment and Research.
  • Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Ilies, R. ve Gerhardt, M. W. (2002). Personality and leadership: A qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 765–780.
  • Judge, T. A., Heller, D. ve Mount, M. K. (2002). Personality and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 530–541.
  • Judge, T. A., Woolf, E. F. ve Hurst, C. (2009). Is emotional labor more difficult for some than for others? A multi-level, experience-sampling study. Personnel Psychology, 62, 57–88.
  • Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., Rubenstein, A. L., Long, D. M., Odio, M. A., Buckman, B. R. (2013). A meta-analytic structural model of dispositional affectivity and emotional labor. Personnel Psychology, 66, 47–90.
  • Karim, J. ve Weisz, R. (2011). Emotional intelligence as a moderator of affectivity/emotional labor and emotional labor/psychological distress relationships. Psychological Studies, 56, 348–359.
  • Keyes, C. L. M. (2006). Subjective well-being in mental health and human development research worldwide: An introduction. Social Indicators Research, 77, 1–10.
  • Keyes, C. L. M. (2007). Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing: A complementary strategy for improving national mental health. American Psychologist, 62, 95-108.
  • Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D. ve Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007–1022.
  • Kiffin-Petersen, S. A., Jordan, C. L. ve Soutar, G. N. (2011). The Big Five, emotional exhaustion and citizenship behaviors in service settings: the mediating role of emotional labor. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 43–48.
  • Kim, H. J., Shin, K. H. ve Swanger, N. (2009). Burnout and engagement: A comparative analysis using the Big Five personality dimensions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28, 96–104.
  • Lucas, R. E. ve Diener, E. (2015). Personality and subjective wellbeing: current issues and controversies. M. Mikulincer, P. R. Shaver, Cooper ve R. J. Larsen (Ed.), APA handbook of personality and social psychology: Cilt:4. Personality processes and individual differences (sf. 577–599). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Miller, D. J., Vachon, D. D. ve Lynam, D. R. (2009). Neuroticism, negative affect, and negative affect instability: Establishing convergent and discriminant validity using ecological momentary assessment. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 873– 877.
  • Miner, J. B. ve Raju, N. S. (2004). Risk propensity differences between managers and entrepreneurs and between low and high growth entrepreneurs: A reply in a more conservative vein. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 3–13.
  • Muraven, M. ve Baumeister, R. F. (2000). Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle? Psychological Bulletin, 126, 247–259.
  • Munz, D., Kohler, J. ve Greenberg, C. (2001). Effectiveness of a comprehensive worksite management program: Combining organisational and individual interventions. International Journal of Stress Management, 8, 49-62.
  • Oaten, M. ve Cheng, K. (2007). Improvements in self-control from financial monitoring. Journal of Economic Psychology, 28, 487–501.
  • Öz-Ünler, E. (2007). Duygusal Emek Davranışlarının İş Sonuçlarına Etkisi. İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.
  • Page, K. M. ve Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2009). The ‘What’, ‘Why’, and ‘How’ of employee well-being: A new model. Social Indicators Research, 90, 441–458.
  • Panaccio, A. ve Vandenberghe, C. (2009). Perceived organizational support, organizational commitment and psychological wellbeing: A longitudinal study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75, 224–236.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B. ve Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of Method Bias in Social Science Research and Recommendations on How to Control it. Annual Review of Psychology, 63: 539-569.
  • Riforgiate, S. E., Howes, S. S. ve Simmons, M. J. (2021). The impact of daily emotional labor on health and well-being. Management Communication Quarterly, 35(4).
  • Salgado, J. F. (2002). The Big Five personality dimensions and counterproductive behaviors. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10, 117–125.
  • Sümer, N. ve Sümer, H. C. (2005). Beş faktör kişilik özellikleri ölçeği (Yayınlanmamış çalışma).
  • Şahin, N. H. ve Durak, A. (1994). Kısa Semptom Envanteri: Türk gençleri için uyarlaması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 9(31), 44-56.
  • Tsai, W.-C. (2001). Determinants and Consequences of Employee Displayed Positive Emotions, Journal of Management, 27 (4), 497-512.
  • Tsai, W. ve Huang, Y. (2002). Mechanisms linking employee affective delivery and customer behavioral intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), 1001-1008.
  • Wang, G., Seibert, S. E. ve Boles, T. L. (2011). Synthesizing what we know and looking ahead: A meta-analytical review of 30 years of emotional labor research. Research on Emotion in Organizations, 7, 15–43.
  • Warr, P. (2006). Differential activation of judgments in employee well-being. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79(2), 225–244.
  • Watson, D. ve Clark, L. A. (1992). On traits and temperament: General and specific factors of emotional experience and their relation to the five factor model. Journal of Personality, 60, 441–476.
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A. ve Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-107.
  • Wright, T. A. ve Cropanzano, R. (2000). Psychological well-being and job satisfaction as predictors of job performance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 84 –94.
  • Wright, T. A., Cropanzano, R., Bonett, D. G. ve Diamond, W. J. (2009). The role of employee psychological wellbeing in cardiovascular health: When the twain shall meet. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 193–208.
  • Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Oerlemans, W. G. M. ve Koszucka, M. (2018). Need for recovery after emotional labor: Differential effects of daily deep and surface acting. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39, 481–494.
  • Yetim, Ü. (1993). Life satisfaction: A study based on the organization of personal projects. Social Indicators Research, 29, 277-289.
  • Zhao, H. ve Seibert, S. E. (2006). The big five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91: 259-271.
Toplam 79 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Habibe Tuğba Erol Korkmaz 0000-0002-0696-931X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Erol Korkmaz, H. T. (2021). Sağlık Sektöründe Duygusal Emeğin Kişilik ve Psikolojik Esenlikle İlişkileri. Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(1), 59-83. https://doi.org/10.55044/meusbd.993646

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