TR
EN
The Place and Importance of the Tughra Form In Turkish Calligraphy with the Example of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent
Öz
The purpose of this study is to examine the tuğra form, an important element of Ottoman calligraphy, in terms of its place in Turkish calligraphy, historical development, usage areas, and design features. In this context, it is emphasized that the significance of the tuğra goes beyond its function in official documents, serving as an art piece reflecting the artistic sensibilities of its era. Tughras are typically designed in a curved form consisting of the sere, beyze, tuğ, and hançer parts, including the name of the sultan, his father's name, and the phrase "el muzaffer daima." The composition and ornamentation of this text depend on the skills of the artisans of the era and the opulence of the reign. The earliest curved tughra examples that can be found are seen in documents of the Great Seljuk Empire. Later, the use of tughras continued in the Anatolian Seljuks and the Ottoman Empire. Officially, the use of tughras ended on November 1, 1922, with the abolition of the monarchy. The tughra served as a title in official correspondence in the Ottoman state and represented the sultan's signature and the seal of the state. As such, tughras appeared on official documents such as orders, decrees, land deeds, diplomas, as well as on coins, stamps, registration books, dynastic emblems, flags, and official architectural monuments. Additionally, calligraphy works in the form of tughras were created with verses from the Quran, prayers, the Basmala, hadiths, aphorisms, and personal names. The tughra of Ottoman Sultan Orhan Bey, which included the names of "Orhan and his father Osman," laid the foundation for all Ottoman tughra designs. In this study, the tughra of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, produced in the Istanbul Palace Workshop during the 16th century, which is considered the brightest period of the Ottoman Empire, was examined. This tughra, currently on display at the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art, was analyzed in terms of its text, calligraphy design, composition features, and illumination patterns. The tughra's design features prominently include the use of gold and navy blue. Illumination patterns feature saz-style dagger leaves, double tahrir-style hatayi designs, stylized carnations, and cloud motifs. Due to these design characteristics, it is believed that the tughra was created in the style of Kara Memi, the chief illuminator of the era.As a result of the research, it was concluded that tughras were not limited to being merely official documents but also represented significant art pieces that reflected the artistic sensibilities of their time.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
yok
Proje Numarası
yok
Teşekkür
Mevzu Dergi Editörlerine teşekkür ederim.
Kaynakça
- Alparslan, Ali (1994). Divanî. Islamic Encyclopedia, (9), 445-446, Istanbul: TDV Islam.
- Atalar, M. (1981). Osmanlı Padişahları. Ankara University Faculty of Theology Journal, (XXIV), 425.
- Bektaşoğlu, M. (2009). Anadolu'da Türk İslam sanatı. Presidency of Religious Affairs 769, Artifacts: 9, Ankara: Başak.
- Berk, S. (2006). Hat san'atı tarihçe, malzeme ve örnekler. Istanbul: İSMEK.
- Berk, S. (2007). Rakım Efendi. Islamic Encyclopedia, (34), 428-429, Istanbul: TDV Islam.
- Berk, S. (2013). Devlet-i Âliyye’den günümüze hat sanatı. Istanbul: İnkılap.
- Binark, İ. (1975). Eski kitapçılık sanatlarımız. Istanbul.
- Blair, S. S. (2006). Islamic Calligraphy. Edinburg: University of Edinburgh. Doi:10.1017/S2151348100002470
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
İslam Sanatları
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Yayımlanma Tarihi
15 Eylül 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi
1 Ağustos 2023
Kabul Tarihi
4 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2023 Sayı: 10
APA
Sever Demir, S. (2023). The Place and Importance of the Tughra Form In Turkish Calligraphy with the Example of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. Mevzu – Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10, 669-693. https://doi.org/10.56720/mevzu.1336213
AMA
1.Sever Demir S. The Place and Importance of the Tughra Form In Turkish Calligraphy with the Example of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. Mevzu. 2023;(10):669-693. doi:10.56720/mevzu.1336213
Chicago
Sever Demir, Secil. 2023. “The Place and Importance of the Tughra Form In Turkish Calligraphy with the Example of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent”. Mevzu – Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, sy 10: 669-93. https://doi.org/10.56720/mevzu.1336213.
EndNote
Sever Demir S (01 Eylül 2023) The Place and Importance of the Tughra Form In Turkish Calligraphy with the Example of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. Mevzu – Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 10 669–693.
IEEE
[1]S. Sever Demir, “The Place and Importance of the Tughra Form In Turkish Calligraphy with the Example of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent”, Mevzu, sy 10, ss. 669–693, Eyl. 2023, doi: 10.56720/mevzu.1336213.
ISNAD
Sever Demir, Secil. “The Place and Importance of the Tughra Form In Turkish Calligraphy with the Example of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent”. Mevzu – Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 10 (01 Eylül 2023): 669-693. https://doi.org/10.56720/mevzu.1336213.
JAMA
1.Sever Demir S. The Place and Importance of the Tughra Form In Turkish Calligraphy with the Example of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. Mevzu. 2023;:669–693.
MLA
Sever Demir, Secil. “The Place and Importance of the Tughra Form In Turkish Calligraphy with the Example of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent”. Mevzu – Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, sy 10, Eylül 2023, ss. 669-93, doi:10.56720/mevzu.1336213.
Vancouver
1.Secil Sever Demir. The Place and Importance of the Tughra Form In Turkish Calligraphy with the Example of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. Mevzu. 01 Eylül 2023;(10):669-93. doi:10.56720/mevzu.1336213
Cited By
Geneza Rady Stanu Imperium Osmańskiego oraz jej organizacja w latach 1867–1868
Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne
https://doi.org/10.14746/cph.2023.2.7