-

Öz

Bael (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr.) is a plant species belonging to Rutaceae family originated from Indian subcontinent. Bael plant has wide range of habitat in its homeland and can be easily cultivated on wastelands. The plant is very rich in phytochemicals which may be used as antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory antipyretic, analgesic, cardio-protective and anticancer agent. The use of fruit in folk medicine includes relieving constipation, diarrhea, dysentery, peptic ulcer and respiratory infection. Bael fruit is not popular like other citrus fruits due to the difficulty to eat out the hand, thus plausibly its commercial cultivation remains very limited. However, due to especially pharmacological value, there is increase interest for the fruit from all over the world. This review is the first Turkish paper ever written related to Bael plant and its fruit.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bael fruit, Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr., Rutaceae, citrus

Bel (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr.) Meyvesi

Öz

Bel (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr.) anavatanı Hint Yarımadası olan Rutaceae familyasına ait bir bitki türüdür. Anavatanında doğal yetişme alanı oldukça geniş olup toprak kalitesinin iyi olmadığı arazilerde rahatlıkla yetiştirilebilmektedir. Bitki fitokimyasallar bakımından oldukça zengin olup diyabetik karşıtı, antimikrobiyal, ateş düşürücü, ağrı kesici, kalp ve kanser koruyucu gibi farmakolojik etki mekanizmalarına sahiptir. Aynı zamanda halk hekimliğinde kabızlığın, ishalin, dizanterinin, mide asidinin ve solunum yolları enfeksiyonlarının tedavisinde de kullanılmaktadır. Bel meyvesinin yenilmesi oldukça zahmetlidir, bu yüzden diğer turunçgil meyveleri kadar fazla talep görmemiş ve bu nedenle ticari yetiştiriciliği sınırlı kalmıştır. Ancak özellikle farmakolojik değerinden dolayı tüm dünyada bu meyveye karşı bir ilgi artışı gözlemlenmektedir. Bu derleme bel bitkisi ve meyvesine ait ilk Türkçe makale özelliği taşımaktadır.    

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bel meyvesi, Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr., Rutaceae, turunçgil

   

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bel meyvesi, Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr., Rutaceae, turunçgil

Kaynakça

1. Agarwal VS, 1989. Rural Economics of Medicinal Plants. Drug, Plants of India, Volume 1, Kalyani Polishers, New Delhi, 1-160.
2. Ali MS, Pervez MK, 2004. Marmenol: A 7-geranyloxy Coumarin from the leaves of Aegle marmelos Corr. Natural Product Research 18(2): 141-146.
3. Ansary PY, 2005. A Hand Book on the Plant Sources of Indigenous Drugs. International Book Distributors, Dehra Dun, 36.
4. Arul V, Miyazaiki S, Dahananjaya R, 2005 Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory, Antipyretic, Analgesic Properties of the Leaves of Aegle marmelos. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 96(1-2): 159-163.
5. Atal CK, Kapur BM, 1997. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in North-West India. Cultivation and Utilization of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu Tawi, Reprint Edn., 441-457.
6. Dave’s Garden, 2011. A flower - bloomed in May 2011. Erişim tarihi: 07.03.2014. http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/showimage/310661/#b.
7. Dhiman AK, 2003. Discussion of Plants. Sacred Plants and their Medicinal Uses. Daya Publication House , New Delhi, 18-19.
8. Farooq S, 2005. 555 Medicinal Plants: Field and Laboratory Manual. International Book Distributors, Dehra Dun, 40-42.

9. Food Packer 32(6): 3-8 .
10. Geetha, AJK, 2012. Wood Apple: Uses and benefits. Facts for You (August): 23-24.
11. Gholap S, Kar A, 2004. Hypoglycemic Effects of Some Plant Extracts are Possibly Mediated through Inhibition in Cortico-steroid Concentration. Pharmazie 59(11): 876-878.
12. Hiremath IG, Ahn YJ, Kim SI, 1996. Insecticidal Activity of Indian Plant Extracts against Nilaparvat Alugens (Homoptera Delphacidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 32(1): 159-166.
13. Jagetia GC, Baliga MSVP, 2004. Fruit Extract of Aegle Marmelos Protects Mice Against Radiation-Induced Lethality. Integrative Cancer Therapies 3(4): 323-332.
14. Jagetia GC, Venkatesh P, Baliga MS, 2004. Evaluation of the Radioprotective Effect of Bael Leaf (Aegle Marmelos) Extract in Mice. International Journal of Radiation Biology 80(4): 281-290.
15. Jauhari OS, Singh RD, 1971. Bael a Valuable Fruit. Indian Horticulture 16: 9-10.
16. Jauhari OS, Singh RD, Awati RK, 1969. Survey of Some Important Varieties of Bael (Aegle marmelos Correa). Punjab Horticultural Journal (9): 48-53.
17. Kala CP, 2006. Ethnobotany and Ethnoconservation of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 5(4): 537-540.
18. Kar A, Choudhary BK, Bandyopadhyay NG, 2003. Comparative Evaluation of Hypoglycaemic Activity of Some Indian Medicinal Plants in Alloxan Diabetic Rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 84(1): 105-108.2
19. Karunanayake EH, Welihinda J, Sirimanne SR, Sinnadoria H, 1984. Oral Hypoglycemic Activity of Some Medicinal Plants of Sri Lanka. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 11(2): 223-231.
20. Knight RJ Jr, 1980. Origin and World Importance of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Crops. (Ed: Nagar S, Shah PE). Tropical and Subtropical Fruits. AV, Westport, 1-120.
21. Lalithamba A, 2010. Medicinal plants of Nellore district and poisonous plants around us. Erişim tarihi: 07.03.2014. http://lalithambanlr.blogspot.com.tr.
22. Lambertine E, Piva R, Khan MT, Lampronti I, Bianchi N, Borgatti M, Gambari R, 2004. Effects of Extract from Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants on In Vitroproliferation of Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Expression of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Gene. International Journal of Oncology 24(2): 419-423.
23. Lampronti I, Martello D, Bianchi N, Borgatti M, Lambertini E, Piva R, Jabbar S, Choudhari MS, Khan MT, Gambari R, 2003. In vitro Antiproliferate Effects on Human Tumour cell lines of extract from the Bangledeshi medicinal plant Aegle marmelos Correa. Phytomedicine 10(4): 300-308.
24. Lim, TK, 2012. Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants. Volume 4, Fruits, Springer, 358-363.
25. Misra KK, 1999. New Crop FactSHEET Bael. Erişim tarihi: 07.03.2014. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/cropfactsheets/bael.html.
26. Morton JF, 1987. Bael Fruit. (Ed: Dowling CF). Fruits of Warm Climates. Media Incorporated, 594-617.
27. Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology, 2014. Bael, Aegle marmelos correa ex roxb. Family – rutaceae. Erişim tarihi: 07.03.2014. http://www.nmpb.nic.in/WriteReadData/links/6985149945bael.pdf. Kumar K, 2012. Bel Petra Tree. Erişim tarihi: 07.03.2014. http://www.indianaturewatch.net/displayimage.php?id=321377.
28. Pandey G, Pathak RK, 1988. Effect of Sodicity on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Bael (Aegle marmelos). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 58 (7): 577-578.
29. Parmar C, Kaushal MK, 1982. Aegle marmelos Correa. Wild Fruits of the Sub-Himalayan Region, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 1-5.
30. Prince PS, Rajadurai M, 2005. Preventive Effect of Aegle Marmelos Leaf Extract on Isoprenaline-Induced Myocardial Infraction in Rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics 57(10): 1353-1357.
31. Purohit SS, Vyas SP, 2004. Medicinal Plant Cultivation a Scientific Approach Aegle marmelos Correa ex Roxb. (Bael) Agrobios, Jodhpur, 280-285.
32. Rana BK, Singh UP, Taneja V, 1997. Antifungal Activity and Kinetic of Inhibition by Essential Oil Isolated from Leaves of Aegle Marmelos. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 57(1): 29-34.
33. Reuther W, Webber HJ, Batcher LD, 1967. The Citrus Industry, University of California Vol. I, 407-409.
34. Roy SK, Saran S, 2011. Bael (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Ser.). (Ed: Yahia, EM), Postharvest Biology and Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits Vol 4, Woodhead Publishing Limited, 186-216.
35. Roy SK, Singh RN, 1978. Studies on utilization of Bael Fruit (Aegle marmelos Correa) for Processing. I. Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Different Cultivars. Indian
36. Roy SK, Singh RN, 1980. Studies on Changes during Development and Ripening of Bael Fruit. Punjab Horticultural Journal 20(3&4): 190-197.
37. Sambamurthy AVSS, Subrahmanyam NS, 1989. Fruits and Nuts, a Text Book of Economic Botany, Wiley Eastern Limited, Volume 4, New Delhi, 697-698.
38. Sharma N, Dubey W, 2013. History and Taxonomy of Aegle marmelos: A review. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience 1(6): 7-13.
39. Sharma PC, Bhatia V, Bansal N, Sharma A, 2006. A Review on Ball Tree. Natural Product Radiance 6(2): 171-178.
40. Shoba FD, Thomos M, 2001. Study of Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Four Medicinal Plants in Castor-Oil Induced Diarrhea. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 76(1): 73-76.
41. Sur TK, Pandit S, Pramanik T, 1999. Antispermatogenic Activity of Leaves of Aegle marmelos corr. In albino Rats, a Preliminary Report. Biomedicine 19: 199-202.
42. Thampman P.K, 1993. Trees and Tree Farming. Peekay Tree Crops Development Foundation, Kerala, India.
43. Tiwari N, 2013. Bael Sherbet - Wood apple Summer Cooler. Erişim tarihi: 07.03.2014. http://ambrosiasoulfulcooking.blogspot.com.tr/2013/07/bael-sherbet-wood-apple-summer-cooler.html.
44. Tuticorin RG, Manakkal SP, 1983. Some Alkaloids from Aegle marmelos. Phytochemistry 22(3):755-757
45. Upadhya S, Shanbhag KK, Suneetha G, Balchandra NM, Uphadya S, 2004. A Study of Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Activity of Aegle Marmelosin Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats. Indian Journal of Physiological and Pharmacology 48(4): 476-480