Sürdürülebilir Ekonomi Çerçevesinde Uluslararası İklim Finansmanı

Yıl 2025, Sayı: Özel Sayı 3, 299 - 313, 31.12.2025

Fatih Kayhan , Onur Özdemir

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, iklim finansmanını sürdürülebilir ekonomi perspektifinden incelemektir. Çalışmanın kapsamı, uluslararası iklim finansmanını içermektedir. Yöntem olarak, güncel küresel verilere dayalı betimleyici analiz kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, zaman içerisinde iklim finansmanında kamu-özel sektör ayrımının özel sektör lehine artış gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Özel sektör içerisinde en yüksek payı hanehalkı/bireyler alırken, kamu sektöründe ise en fazla fonu ulusal kalkınma finansman kuruluşlarının aldığı görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, ekonomi ve finans alanında sürdürülebilirliğin bir parçası olarak iklim odaklı projeler, küresel ve yerel finansman kaynaklarında giderek daha merkezi ve belirleyici bir unsur haline gelmektedir. Sürdürülebilirlik anlayışının yükselişiyle birlikte, yerel ve uluslararası finansal kuruluşlar tarafından uluslararası kredi piyasalarında ‘iklim finansmanı’nda artış gözlemlenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İklim Finansmanı , Sürdürülebilir Ekonomi. , Sürdürülebilirlik

Etik Beyan

Yazar(lar), bu çalışmada bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğunu ve kullanılan tüm kaynakların düzgün bir şekilde alıntılandığını beyan eder.

International Climate Finance Within the Framework of Sustainable Economy

Öz

The aim of this paper is to review climate finance from the standpoint of sustainable economy. It covers international climate finance. As a method, descriptive analysis is employed by examining recent global figures. Findings indicate that climate finance public-private split has increased in favor of private sector throughout the time, the households/individuals take the highest amount for private sector, while the national development finance institutions receive the largest amount for the public, climate finance instruments were not equally distributed among each other. The paper concludes that climate-oriented projects as part of sustainability in economy are becoming key and pivotal issue in global and local finance and more funds have been directed to ‘climate finance’ in international loan markets by local and international financial institutions with the rise of the notion of sustainability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Climate Finance , Sustainable Economy. , Sustainability

Etik Beyan

This study is prepared in line with ethical rules.

Kaynakça

• Bazbauers, A. R. (2025). The Multilateral Development Banks and Rural Climate Finance: Adaptation, Mitigation, and Resilience. The Journal of Environment & Development, 34(2), 437-466.
• Buchner, B., Clark, A., Falconer, A., Macquarie, R., Meattle, C., & Wetherbee, C. (2021). Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2021. Climate Policy Initiative.
• CPI-Climate Policy Initiative, https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/about-cpi/what-we-do/
• Dafermos, Y. (2025). Climate finance and global justice. Climate Policy, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2025.2482104.
• European Union, Climate Action, https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/international-action-climate-change/international-climate-finance_en
• Fan, S., Wang, C., Zhong, H. et al. International Multilateral Public Climate Finance Dataset from 2000 to 2023. Sci Data 12, 952 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05308-x
• Jee, S. J., Hötte, K., Ring, C., & Burrell, R. (2024). Making intellectual property rights work for climate technology transfer and innovation in developing countries. arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.12338.
• Kaya, A., & Leblebicioglu, A. (2025). Understanding the World Bank’s role in climate finance. Climatic Change, 178(9), 160.
• Li, C., Su, X., Fan, C., Wang, J., & Wang, X. (2025). Bridging financial gaps for infrastructure climate adaptation via integrated carbon markets (No. 2501.08004).
• Lim, C. H., Basu, R., Carriere-Swallow, Y., Kashiwase, K., Kutlukaya, M., Li, M., Rafayet, E., Seneviratne, D., Sy, M., and Yang, R. (2024). Unlocking climate finance in Asia-Pacific: Transitioning to a sustainable future (IMF Departmental Paper No. 001). International Monetary Fund.
• Michaelowa, A., & Michaelowa, K. (2017). Transnational climate governance initiatives: Designed for effective climate change mitigation? International Interactions, 43(1), 129–155.
• Muchiri, M. K., Erdei-Gally, S., Fekete-Farkas, M., & Lakner, Z. (2022). Bibliometric analysis of green finance and climate change in post-paris agreement era. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(12), 561.
• Nakhooda, S., Watson, C., & Schalatek, L. (2014). The Global Climate Finance Architecture. Climate Finance Fundamentals, Heinrich Böll Stiftung North America.
• OECD. (2022). Climate Finance Provided and Mobilised by Developed Countries in 2016–2020. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
• OECD. (2025). Scaling up finance and investment for climate change adaptation (OECD Policy Paper No. 7). Roberts, J. T., & Weikmans, R. (2017). Postface: Fragmentation, failing trust and enduring tensions over what counts as climate finance. International Environmental Agreements, 17(1), 129–137.
• Turkish Government Agent, Department of Climate Finance, https://iklim.gov.tr/en/department-of-climate-finance-and-incentives-i-89
• UNFCCC. (2023). Introduction to Climate Finance. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
• UNFCCC. (2023). Adaptation Finance Gap Update 2023. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
• United Nations Climate Change. Introduction to climate finance. https://unfccc.int/topics/introduction-to-climate-finance
• Vaghefi, S. A., Hachcham, A., Grasso, V., Manicus, J., Msemo, N., Senni, C., & Leippold, M. (2025). AI for climate finance: Agentic retrieval and multi-step reasoning for early warning system investments.
• Wei, B. (2025). Does climate finance achieve its goals in developing countries? An econometric assessment of mitigation and adaptation outcomes. Discover Sustainability, 6(1), 441.
• Weikmans, R., & Roberts, J. T. (2019). The international climate finance accounting muddle: Is there hope on the horizon? Climate and Development, 11(2), 97–111.
• Zoungrana, T. D., Lompo, A. A. B., & tan Toé, D. L. (2024). Effect of climate finance on environmental quality: A global analysis. Research in Economics, 78(4), 100989.