İlk Kez Anne-Baba Olacaklara Verilen Doğuma Hazırlık Eğitiminin Çiftlerin Kaygı Düzeylerine Etkisi: Özel Ebelik Hizmeti Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 204 - 222, 25.09.2025

Yeliz Çakır Koçak , Dilek Çakır Umar

Öz

Amaç: İlk kez anne-baba olacak çiftlere prenatal döneme verilen doğuma hazırlık eğitiminin, anne ve baba adaylarının kaygı düzeylerine etkisini incelemek, özel ebelik hizmetleri bağlamında bir değerlendirme sunmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ön-test ve son-test, yarı deneysel desen de tasarlanan bu araştırma, 08 Mayıs- 25 Ekim 2006 tarihleri arasında İzmir ilinin Bornova ilçesindeki bir sağlık ocağında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini belirtilen tarihlerde sağlık ocağına kayıtlı olup ilk gebeliği olan, 20-35 yaş arası anne adayları ve eşleri (nanne=30, nbaba=30) oluşturmuştur. Araştırmacı tarafından “Anne-Baba Adayı Eğitim Kitapçığı” ve “Anne-Baba Adaylarına Yönelik Gebelik Danışmanlığı için Resimli Rehber” hazırlanmıştır. Ortalama 4 saat süren eğitimler ev ziyaretleri yapılarak ebe tarafından çiftlere aynı anda verilmiştir. Veri toplamada araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan Anne Adayı Tanıtım Formu, Baba Adayı Tanıtım Formu ve Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri ile kullanılmıştır. Eğitim öncesi ve sonrası kaygı düzeyleri karşılaştırılmış, bağımlı ve bağımsız gruplarda t testleri ile iki yönlü korelasyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Eğitim öncesi eşler arasında durumluluk kaygı puan ortalaması açısından fark yokken (p>0.05), sürekli kaygı puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı fark olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.001). Eğitim sonrası anne adaylarının durumluk kaygı puan ortalaması 33.96±7.98’den 28.20±5.97’ye (p<0.001), baba adaylarının ise 30.26±7.31’den 27.30±6.83’e (p<0.001) düşmüştür. Anne adaylarının sürekli kaygı puanı anlamlı bir azalma göstermemiş (p>0.05), baba adaylarının sürekli kaygı puanı ise anlamlı düzeyde azalmıştır (38.16±6.31’den 35.40±7.09’a; p=0.003). Anne adaylarının eğitim öncesi ve sonrası durumluk kaygı puanları arasında orta düzeyde pozitif korelasyon gözlendi (r=0,486, p=0,007) ve bu ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu. Ancak baba adayları için korelasyon daha zayıftı (r=0,330, p=0,074) ve bu ilişki 0,01 düzeyinde istatistiksel anlamlılığa ulaşmadı. Sürekli kaygı açısından ise anne adayları için eğitim öncesi ve sonrası korelasyon nispeten zayıf (r=0,220, p=0,244) iken baba adayları için daha da düşüktü (r=0,164, p=0,386). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, eğitimin anne adaylarında durumluk kaygıyı azaltmada olumlu bir etkisi olurken, her iki ebeveynde de sürekli kaygıyı önemli ölçüde etkilemediği bulunmuştur. Gelecekteki doğum öncesi eğitim programlarının, annea daylarında hem durum hem de sürekli kaygıyı ele almaya daha fazla önem vermesi önerilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

doğum öncesi eğitim , kaygı , ebe , ebevynler , çiftler

Etik Beyan

Bu araştırmayı yapmadan önce, çalışma tasarımı ve veri toplama araçları ilgili etik komitesi tarafından değerlendirildi ve onaylandı. Araştırma için etik onay bir Üniversite Etik Komitesi'nden alınmıştır (Tarih: 30/03/2006, Karar No: 341).

Teşekkür

Araştırmamızın uygulanmasına olanak sağlayan T. C. Sağlık Bakanlığı İzmir İli Bornova İlçesi Evka 4 Sağlık Ocağı’nda görevli ebe, hemşire ve hekimlere, istatistik aşamasında uzman görüşü veren Doç. Dr. Gönül DİNÇ’e, araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden ve soruları içtenlikle yanıtlayan anne ve baba adaylarına teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

The Effect of Birth Preparation Education on the Anxiety Levels of First-Time Parents: An Assessment in the Context of a Private Midwifery Service

Öz

Objective: The study examined the effect of prenatal childbirth preparation education provided to couples expecting their first child on the anxiety levels of expectant mothers and their spouses. It also offered an assessment within the context of private midwifery services. Material and Methods: This pre-test and post-test study was conducted between May 8 and October 25, 2006, at a health centre in the Bornova district of Izmir. It was designed as a quasi-experimental study. The sample consisted of 30 expectant mothers and 30 their spouses aged 20–35 years. They were registered at the health centre during the specified period and were experiencing their first pregnancy. The researcher prepared an'Expectant Mother-Father Education Booklet' and an 'Illustrated Guide for Pregnancy Counselling for Expectant Parents'. The Education sessions, which lasted an average of 4 hours, were delivered simultaneously to couples by a midwife during home visits. Data collection utilised the Expectant Mother Introduction Form, the Expectant Father Introduction Form, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, all of which were prepared by the researcher. Pre- and post-education anxiety levels were compared, and two-tailed correlation analyses were performed using t-tests in dependent and independent groups. Results: Before the training, there was no difference in the mean state anxiety score between spouses (p > 0.05), whereas a significant difference was found in their trait anxiety score means (p < 0.001). After the training, the mean state anxiety score of expectant mothers decreased from 33.96±7.98 to 28.20±5.97 (p<0.001), and the mean state anxiety score of expectant fathers decreased from 30.26±7.31 to 27.30±6.83 (p<0.001). The trait anxiety score of expectant mothers did not show a significant decrease (p>0.05), while the trait anxiety score of expectant fathers decreased significantly (from 38.16±6.31 to 35.40±7.09; p=0.003). A moderate positive correlation was observed between the state anxiety scores of expectant mothers before and after the education (r = 0.486, p = 0.007), indicating a statistically significant relationship. However, for expectant fathers, the correlation was weaker (r = 0.330, p = 0.074), and this relationship did not reach statistical significance at the 0.01 level. In terms of trait anxiety, the correlation for expectant mothers before and after the education was relatively weak (r = 0.220, p = 0.244), and for expectant fathers, it was even lower (r = 0.164, p = 0.386). Conclusion: The educational program had a positive impact on reducing state anxiety in expectant mothers, while it did not significantly affect trait anxiety in either parent. It is recommended that future prenatal education programs should place a greater emphasis on addressing both state and trait anxiety among expectant parents.

Anahtar Kelimeler

prenatal education , anxiety , midwife , parents , couples

Etik Beyan

Before conducting this research, the study design and data collection tools were evaluated and approved by the relevant ethics committee. Ethical approval of the research was obtained from the Ege University Ethics Committee (Date: 30 March 2006, Decision No.: 341).

Teşekkür

We would like to thank the health centre’s midwife, nurses, and physicians of the Turkish Republic Ministry of Health in Bornova District, Izmir Province, for providing the implementation of our research; to Assoc. Dr. Gönül Dinç for giving expert opinion in the statistics stage; to the parents for the first time in the antenatal period, who agreed to participate in the research and who sincerely answered the questions.

Kaynakça

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