Siyonizm ve Akademik Hegemonya: Güç, Bilgi ve Baskının ABD Üniversitelerindeki Kesişimi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 21 Sayı: The Critique of Zionism, 25 - 46, 31.12.2024

Mehmet Rakipoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17131/milel.1556769

Öz

Bu makale, Siyonizm’in ABD üniversitelerindeki akademik özgürlük ve bilgi üretimi üzerindeki etkilerini eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla incelemektedir. Çalışma, siyasi lobicilik, finansal güç kullanımı ve antisemitizm suçlamalarının, kabul edilebilir söylemi belirleyen bir kültürel hegemonya oluşturmak için stratejik olarak nasıl kullanıldığını vurgulamaktadır. Michel Foucault’nun bilgi-iktidar teorisine—bilgi ve iktidarın birbirini karşılıklı olarak şekillendirdiği anlayışına—ve Antonio Gramsci’nin kültürel hegemonya kavramına—egemen grupların iktidarlarını ideolojik araçlarla nasıl koruduğunu açıklayan teorisine—dayanan bu makale, Siyonist organizasyonların yükseköğretim çerçevelerini, araştırma önceliklerini ve kamusal söylemi nasıl etkilediğini analiz etmektedir. Bu etkiler, genellikle Filistin topraklarının işgali ve insan hakları ihlalleriyle ilgili İsrail politikalarına ve eylemlerine karşı çıkan veya bunları eleştiren perspektiflerin marjinalize edilmesi, susturulması veya gayrimeşru ilan edilmesi şeklinde kendini göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, zikredilen dinamikleri somut örneklerle irdelemektedir. Örneğin, Steven Salaita’nın İsrail’in Gazze’deki soykırımını sosyal medyada eleştirmesi sonrasında Illinois Üniversitesi’nde kendisine yapılan iş teklifinin geri çekilmesi, Siyonist lobiciliğin ve bağışçı baskılarının üniversite yönetimlerini, akademik atamaları ve akademik ortamlardaki ifade özgürlüğünü doğrudan nasıl etkileyebileceğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, ABD’deki çeşitli önde gelen üniversitelerde, Filistin haklarını savunan öğrenci ve akademisyenlerin susturulması ve cezalandırılması gibi örnekler, akademik söylemi kontrol altına almaya yönelik daha geniş ve sistematik çabaları gözler önüne sermektedir. Bu vakaları inceleyen makale, Siyonizm’in etkisinin yalnızca münferit olaylarla sınırlı kalmadığını, aksine akademik özgürlüğün kısıtlandığı yaygın bir atmosfer yarattığını ortaya koymaktadır. Özgür düşüncenin ve eleştirel sorgulamanın merkezleri olması gereken üniversiteler, giderek muhalefetin bastırıldığı ve ideolojik uyumun dayatıldığı mekânlara dönüşmektedir. Bu çalışma, Siyonizm’in ABD’deki entelektüel ortamı şekillendiren mekanizmalarının daha derin bir şekilde anlaşılmasına ve açık tartışma ile eleştirel akademik çalışmaları kısıtlayan güç yapılarının nasıl pekiştirildiğine dair bir farkındalık oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Siyonizm, Akademik Özgürlük, Kültürel Hegemonya, Bilgi-İktidar İlişkisi, ABD Üniversiteleri.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde etik ilkelere uyulmuştur.

Zionism and Academic Hegemony: The Intersection of Power, Knowledge, and Suppression in the United States Universities

Öz

This paper critically explores the impact of Zionism on academic freedom and knowledge production in U.S. universities. It emphasizes how political lobbying, financial influence, and allegations of antisemitism are strategically employed to establish a cultural hegemony that determines what discourse is acceptable. Based on Michel Foucault's theory of power-knowledge, which posits that knowledge and power are intimately linked and shape one another, and Antonio Gramsci's concept of cultural hegemony, which explains how dominant groups maintain power through ideological means, this study examines how Zionist organizations influence higher education frameworks, research priorities, and public discourse. This manipulation often serves to marginalize, silence, or delegitimize critical perspectives that oppose or challenge Israeli policies and actions, especially those related to the occupation of Palestinian territories and human rights violations. This paper analyzes certain instances highlighting these dynamics, such as the rescinded job offer to Steven Salaita at the University of Illinois following his criticism of Israel’s genocide in Gaza on social media. This case, among others, underscores how Zionist lobbying and donor pressures can directly affect university governance, academic appointments, and freedom of expression within academic settings. Additional examples include the suppression of pro-Palestinian viewpoints and the punishment of students and faculty who advocate for Palestinian rights at various prominent U.S. institutions, which further demonstrate the broader, systematic efforts to control academic discourse. By examining these cases, the study reveals that Zionism's influence is not limited to isolated cases but creates a widespread atmosphere where academic freedom is restricted. Universities meant to be pillars of free thought and critical inquiry, increasingly become arenas where dissent is suppressed and ideological conformity is imposed. This paper highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms through which Zionism shapes the intellectual landscape in the U.S., reinforcing power structures that limit open debate and critical scholarship.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Zionism, Academic Freedom, Cultural Hegemony, Power-Knowledge, USA universities

Etik Beyan

Ethical principles were followed during the preparation of this study.

Kaynakça

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