İdam Edilen Bir Kadın Mistik: Marguerite Porete ve Mistik Düşünceleri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 183 - 203, 31.12.2024

Halil Temiztürk

https://doi.org/10.17131/milel.1573415

Öz

Marguerite Porete (öl.1310) Le Miroir Des Âmes Simples (Saf Ruhların Aynası) kitabıyla tanınan ve Kilise’nin engizisyonuna uğramış mistik bir kadındır. Fransızca yazdığı eserinde savunduğu ilahî aşk, benliğin yok edilmesi ve kilise otoritesine meydan okuması nedeniyle soruşturmaya uğramış ve 1310 yılında Paris’te kazıkta yakılmış, böylelikle Kilise tarafından idama mahkum edilen ilk kadın mistik olarak tarihe geçmiştir. Porete’nin idamının arkasında hangi dinamikler vardır? Onun bir heretik olarak idamı Kilise-mistikler arasındaki gerilimin bir yansıması mıdır veya sadece kadınlara yönelik bir gözdağı mıdır? Çalışmada bu sorulara, Kilise ve mistikler arasındaki ilişkiler çerçevesinde cevaplar aranmıştır. Porete’nin sadece görüşleri veya kadın olması nedeniyle idam edildiği yönündeki bazı indirgemeci yaklaşımlara eleştiri getirilerek, onun idamının arka planında yatan etmenler tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca Tanrı ile bir olma ve benliğin yok edilmesi gibi Hıristiyan mistisizminde öne çıkan fenomenlere değinilmiştir. Çalışmanın Hıristiyan mistik geleneği ve Kilise arasındaki ilişkilerin tarihsel sürecini ve dinamiklerine ışık tutması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada Porete özelinde Kilise ve mistiklere yönelik tarihsel ve mukayeseli bir yöntem benimsenirken, mistik kavramlar fenomenolojik bir metotla ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dinler Tarihi, Hıristiyanlık, Mistisizm, Kadın, Marguerite Porete

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde etik ilkelere uyulmuştur.

An Executed Mystic Women: Marguerite Porete and her Mystical Thoughts

Öz

Marguerite Porete (d. 1310) is recognized for her book Le Miroir Des Âmes Simples (The Mirror of Simple Souls) and as a mystic woman who was subjected to the Church's inquisition. She was investigated both for her advocacy of divine love and the annihilation of the soul, in her book written in French, and for challenging church authority. She was burned at the stake in Paris in 1310, so she became the first female mystic to be sentenced to death by the Church. What were the dynamics behind Porete's execution? Was her execution as a heretic a reflection of the tension between the Church and mystics, or was it simply an intimidation against women? The study seeks to answer these questions within the framework of the relations between the Church and mystics. It is criticized reductionist approaches that argue that Porete was executed simply because of her views or simply because she was a woman. It is attempted to reveal the factors behind her execution. Also discussed are phenomena prominent in Christian mysticism, such as the union with God and the annihilation of the self. The study aims to shed light on the historical process and dynamics of the relations between the Christian mystical tradition and the Church. In the study, a historical and comparative method is preferred for the Church and mystics, especially for the life of Porete while mystical concepts are discussed with a phenomenological method.

Anahtar Kelimeler

History of Religions, Christianity, Mysticism, Women, Marguerite Porete

Etik Beyan

Ethical principles were followed during the preparation of this study.

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