Türkiye Genelinde Lisans Düzeyindeki STEM Bölümlerine Ait 2013-2023 Yılları Arasındaki Kayıt ve Mezuniyet Eğilimlerinin Analizi

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 55 Sayı: 249, 123 - 176, 01.02.2026

Osman Akşit , Arif Böyüksolak , Mervenur Belin

https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.1666848

Öz

Bu çalışma, Yükseköğretim Kurulu tarafından sağlanan resmî verileri inceleyerek Türkiye’deki
yükseköğretim kurumlarında 2013-2023 yılları arasında STEM (Fen, Teknoloji, Mühendislik ve
Matematik) alanlarındaki kayıt ve mezuniyetlere ilişkin ülke genelindeki eğilimleri incelemiştir.
Araştırmanın bulguları, bu on bir yıllık dönemde lise mezunlarının yarısından fazlasının STEM
bölümlerini tercih etmesiyle birlikte, STEM alanlarına yönelik kalıcı bir talebin olduğunu ortaya
koymuştur. Bununla birlikte üniversite giriş sistemindeki bazı politika değişikliklerine bağlı
olabilecek birtakım dalgalanmalar da gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca cinsiyete dayalı farklılıklar
da analiz edilmiştir. İncelenen dönemin ilk yıllarında STEM alanlarında erkek öğrencilerin
oranının belirgin biçimde yüksek olduğu görülürken son dönemde özellikle biyolojik bilimler gibi
bazı alanlarda kadın öğrencilerin katılımının artmasıyla bu cinsiyet farkının daralmaya başladığı
tespit edilmiştir. Her ne kadar STEM bölümlerinde genel anlamda kadın öğrenci kayıtlarında artış
eğilimi olsa da, mühendislik gibi belirli alt alanlarda erkek öğrenci kayıt ve mezuniyet oranlarının
hâlen önemli ölçüde yüksek olması nedeniyle ciddi farklılıklar görülmeye devam etmektedir.
Bulgular, Türkiye genelinde STEM alanına yönelik ilginin makro düzeyde nispeten güçlü olduğunu
ortaya koymakla birlikte, çeşitli STEM kariyer yollarına daha eşitlikçi katılımı teşvik etmek ve
kalıcı cinsiyet eşitsizliklerini gidermek amacıyla hedeflenmiş, kanıta dayalı müdahale programları
ve eğitim politikası reformlarına ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki STEM
alanına yönelik ülke çapındaki ilk kapsamlı analizi sunmakta ve politika yapıcılar, eğitimciler ve
diğer paydaşlar için değerli bilgiler sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiye’de yükseköğretim , STEM kayıt eğilimleri , STEM mezuniyet eğilimleri , STEM kariyer hattı , STEM alan sınıflandırması , STEM lisans programları

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmada Yükseköğretim Kurumları Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Yönergesi’nde belirtilen kurallara uyulduğunu ve bilimsel araştırma ve yayın etiğine aykırı eylemlere dayalı hiçbir işlem yapmadığımızı beyan ederiz. Aynı zamanda tüm yazarların çalışmaya katkıda bulunduğu, yazarlar arasında herhangi bir çıkar çatışmasının bulunmadığını, tüm etik ihlallerde tüm sorumluluğun makale yazarlarına ait olduğunu beyan ederiz.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırma herhangi bir fon almamıştır.

Analyzing Nationwide Enrollment and Graduation Trends in Undergraduate STEM Majors in Türkiye from 2013 to 2023

Öz

This study explored nationwide trends in STEM enrollments and graduations in Turkish higher
education institutions from 2013 to 2023 by examining the official dataset provided by the Council
of Higher Education. The findings highlighted an enduring demand for STEM areas, with more than
half of high school graduates choosing STEM majors during this eleven-year period, while there
were some fluctuations that could be related to a number of policy changes in the university entrance
system. Gender differences were also analyzed. In the earlier years, males were overrepresented in
STEM fields. However, the gender gap has recently narrowed, with growing female participation
in areas such as biological sciences. Despite an increasing trend in overall female enrollments
in STEM majors, significant disparities still remain in particular subfields such as engineering,
where male enrollment and graduation rates have been substantially higher. The findings suggest
that Türkiye’s nationwide STEM pipeline appears relatively robust at the macro level; however,
targeted evidence-based interventions and policy reforms are needed to promote more equitable
participation in various STEM career pathways and address persistent gender disparities. This
study provides the first comprehensive national analysis of the STEM pipeline in Türkiye and offers
valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and other stakeholders.

Anahtar Kelimeler

higher education in Türkiye , STEM enrollment trends , STEM graduation trends , STEM pipeline , STEM classification , undergraduate STEM programs

Etik Beyan

The authors declare that they fully complied with the rules outlined in the ‘Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions’ and have not engaged in any actions that violate these rules. They further confirm that all authors have contributed to the research, that there are no conflicts of interest among the authors, and that the authors assume full responsibility for any ethical violations.

Destekleyen Kurum

The authors declare that they did not receive any financial support for conducting this research.

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