Küresel İklim Değişiklikleri ve Süt Sığırı Yetiştiriciliği

Öz

Küresel iklim değişiklikleri atmosfere salınan gazların sera etkisi oluşturması ile son zamanlarda tüm üretim sistemlerini yakından ilgilendiren bir konudur. Küresel ısınmanın önlenememesi bitki ve hayvan çeşitliliği, üretim sistemleri, ekosistemler ve gıda güvenliği üzerinde risk oluşturmaktadır. Bu ısınmanın etkileri (mevsime bağlı mera kullanımları, yem miktarı ve kalitesi, besleme yöntemleri, vb.) doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak görülmektedir. Aşırı sıcak dönemlerin uzunluğu tüm dünyada etkisini göstermekte olup hayvancılık üretim sistemlerinde çeşitli zorluklara neden olmaktadır. Bu derlemede iklim değişikliğinden kaynaklanan süt sığırcılığı üretim sistemlerine yönelik gereksinimler ele alınmıştır. İklim değişikliklerinin süt sığırcılığı üzerine olan potansiyel etkilerinin hayvan refahı, beslenmesi, sağlığı ve üretim performansı olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak görülebilecek tüm etkiler hayvanın performansı ile ilişkili olmaktadır. Yüksek verimli süt inekleri bu etkilere karşı daha savunmasız bir durumda yer almaktadır. Bu etkilerle başa çıkılması için farklı düzeylerde faaliyete geçirilmesi gereken çeşitli adaptasyon yöntemleri ve ısı yükünü azaltma stratejileri planlanmalıdır. Yapılacak olan tüm değişiklikler üretim sistemlerindeki değişiklileri, farklı yönetim seçeneklerini ve sağlık yönetimlerini içermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Küresel ısınma
• Süt sığırı
• Sıcaklık stresi
• Adaptasyon

Global Climate Change and Dairy Cattle Breeding

Öz

Global climate change is an issue that has recently been of great concern to all production systems due to the greenhouse effect of gases released into the atmosphere. Failure to prevent global warming poses a risk to the diversity of plants and animals, to production systems, to ecosystems and to food security. The effects of this warming are seen directly or indirectly (seasonal pasture utilization, feed quantity and quality, feeding methods, etc.). The length of extreme hot periods is affecting all over the world and causing difficulties in livestock production systems. This review addresses the requirements for dairy cattle production systems resulting from climate change. It is aimed to examine the potential impacts of climate change on dairy cattle in terms of animal welfare, nutrition, health and production performance. All effects that can be seen directly or indirectly are related to the performance of the animal. High yielding dairy cows are more vulnerable to these impacts. In order to cope with these effects, various adaptation methods and heat load reduction strategies should be planned to be activated at different levels. All changes include changes in production systems, different management options and health management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Global warming
• Dairy cattle
• Heat stress
• Adaptation

Kaynakça

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