Siirt İlindeki Koyun ve Keçi İşletmelerinde Sosyodemografik Yapı, İşletme Yönetimi ve Meme Sağlığı Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada bölgedeki 54 küçük ruminant işletmesinde hayvancılık uygulamaları, işletmelere yapılan saha ziyaretleri ve yapılandırılmış görüşmeler aracılığıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Kullanılan anket formu iki bölümden oluşmuştur: sosyodemografik özellikler (8 soru) ve hayvancılık yönetimi uygulamaları. Hayvancılık yönetimi bölümünde çiftlik yönetimi, meme sağlığı, sağım hijyeni ve antibiyotik kullanımına yönelik tutum ve uygulamaları kapsayan toplam 27 ikili soru yer almıştır (Evet = 1, Hayır = 0). Önerilen uygulamalara uyum düzeyini belirlemek amacıyla her alan için ve toplamda puanlar hesaplanmıştır. İşletmelerin büyük çoğunluğunun aile işletmesi olduğu (%92.6) ve yetiştiricilerin ortalama 26.3 ± 13.7 yıllık mesleki deneyime sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Eğitim düzeyinin genel olarak düşük olduğu, yetiştiricilerin yarıdan fazlasının yalnızca ilkokul mezunu olduğu ve yaklaşık beşte birinin okuryazar olmadığı saptanmıştır. Hanelerin yaklaşık üçte birinde hayvancılık temel gelir kaynağı olarak yer almaktadır. Çiftlik yönetimi, meme sağlığı, sağım hijyeni ve antibiyotik kullanım uygulamalarına ilişkin değerlendirmede, toplam 27 puan üzerinden ortalama puan 9.28 olarak hesaplanmış ve önerilen uygulamaların yalnızca %34.3’ünün doğru şekilde uygulandığı görülmüştür. İncelenen alanlar arasında en düşük uyum sağım hijyeni uygulamalarında (%9.3) belirlenirken, en yüksek puan çiftlik yönetimi alanında (%46.1) elde edilmiştir. Alanlara ait puanların birbirinden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklı olduğu belirlenmiştir (p < 0.001). Sonuç olarak, bölgedeki küçük ruminant işletmelerinin büyük ölçüde aile işletmesi niteliğinde olduğu, yetiştiricilerin eğitim düzeyinin sınırlı olduğu ve önerilen hayvancılık uygulamalarına uyumun genel olarak düşük kaldığı belirlenmiştir. Özellikle sağım hijyeni konusundaki çok düşük uygulama düzeyi, yetiştiricilerin bilgi ve farkındalığını artırmaya yönelik hedefli eğitim ve yayım çalışmalarına ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Küçük ruminantlar
• mastitis
• sağım hijyeni
• antibiyotik kullanımı
• çiftlik uygulamaları

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma, Siirt Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Kurulu tarafından desteklenmiştir (Proje No: 2021-SİÜİHT-VET-01). Yazarlar, değerli katkıları nedeniyle Siirt Üniversitesi’ne ve proje ekibine teşekkür eder.

Proje Numarası

This study was supported by Scientific Research Projects Council of Siirt University (Project No: 2021-SİÜİHT-VET- 01)

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, Siirt Üniversitesi Müdahalesiz Klinik Araştırma Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (01/2021).

Teşekkür

Siirt Üniversitesi Veterinerlik Fakültesi 5. sınıf öğrencilerine (2021–2022), anketlerin gerçekleştirilmesine verdikleri değerli katkılarından dolayı teşekkür etmek isterim.

Evaluation of Sociodemographic, Farm Management, and Udder Health Practices in Sheep and Goat Farms in Siirt Province

Öz

Animal husbandry practices in 54 small ruminant farms were assessed through on-site visits and structured interviews in this study. The questionnaire included two sections: sociodemographic characteristics (8 questions) and livestock management practices (27 dichotomous items; Yes = 1, No = 0) covering four domains which focused on farm management, udder health, milking hygiene, and antibiotic use perceptions. Domain-specific and total scores were calculated to quantify adherence to recommended practices. Most farms were family-run (92.6%), and farmers had extensive experience (26.3 ± 13.7 years; P < 0.05). Education levels were low, with over half completing only primary school and one-fifth being illiterate. Livestock served as the primary source of income for one-third of households (P< 0.05). Evaluation of farm management, udder health, milking hygiene, and antibiotic use practices revealed an average total score of 9.28 out of 27, indicating correct implementation of only 34.3% of practices. Milking hygiene had the lowest compliance (9.3%), whereas farm management scored highest (46.1%). Scores differed significantly among domains (P< 0.001). In conclusion, small ruminant farms in the region are largely family-operated, with limited formal education and low compliance with recommended management, udder health, milking hygiene, and antibiotic-use practices. The very low adherence to proper milking hygiene highlights the need for targeted training and extension programs to improve farmers’ knowledge and support evidence-based livestock management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Small ruminants
• mastitis
• milking hygiene
• antibiotic use
• farm practices

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was supported by Scientific Research Projects Council of Siirt University (Project No: 2021-SİÜİHT-VET- 01). Authors thank Siirt University and project team for their valuable contributions.

Proje Numarası

This study was supported by Scientific Research Projects Council of Siirt University (Project No: 2021-SİÜİHT-VET- 01)

Etik Beyan

This study was approved by the Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Siirt University (01/2021).

Teşekkür

I would like to thank the students of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (5th grade/ 2021–2022) at Siirt University for their valuable contribution in conducting the surveys.

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