Farklı Sütten Kesme Metotlarının Besi Sığırlarının Performansı Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Besicilikte farklı sütten kesme metotlarının hangisinin daha etkili olduğunu ve bu metotların danalar üzerinde nasıl bir etki bıraktığını tespit etmek için farklı zamanlarda birçok çalışma yapılmış ve farklı sütten kesme metotları uygulanmıştır. Derlememizde farklı sütten kesme metotlarının hangisinin daha rantabl olduğu ve neden tercih edildiği bahsedilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• besi danası,sütten kesme,canlı ağırlık artışı,yemden yararlanma,belgözü kası

Farklı Sütten Kesme Metotlarının Besi Sığırlarının Performansı Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Besicilikte farklı sütten kesme metotlarının hangisinin daha etkili olduğunu ve bu metotların danalar üzerinde nasıl bir etki bıraktığını tespit etmek için farklı zamanlarda birçok çalışma yapılmış ve farklı sütten kesme metotları uygulanmıştır. Derlememizde farklı sütten kesme metotlarının hangisinin daha rantabl olduğu ve neden tercih edildiği irdelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• besi danası,sütten kesme,canlı ağırlık artışı,yemden yararlanma,belgözü kası

Kaynakça

1. Arthington, J. D., and J. E. Minton. 2004. The effect of early calf weaning on feed intake, growth, and postpartum interval in thin, Brahman-crossbred primiparous cows. Prof. Anim. Sci. 20:34–38.
2. Arthington, J. D., and R. S. Kalmbacher. 2003. Effect of early weaning on the performance of three-year-old, first-calf beef heifers and calves reared in the subtropics. J. Anim. Sci. 81:1136–1141.
3. Beef Research Report, 1999; Loy, Dan; Maxwell, Dennis; and Rouse, Gene, 2000. "Effect of Early Weaning of Beef Calves on Performance and Carcass Quality". Beef Research Report, 1999. Paper 8, Iowa and Illinois University.
4. Brackebusch, S. A., F. K. McKeith, T. R. Carr, and D. G. McLaren. 1991. Relationship between longissimus composition and the composition of other major muscles of the beef carcass. J. Anim. Sci. 69:631–640.
5. Brown, M. S., C. H. Ponce, and R. Pulikanti. 2006. Adaptation of beef cattle to high-concentrate diets: Performance and ruminal metabolism. J. Anim. Sci. 84:E25–E33.
6. Chen, Y., G. B. Penner, M. Li, M. Oba, and L. L. Guan. 2011. Changes in bacterial diversity associated with epithelial tissue in the beef cow rumen during the transition to a high-grain diet. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77:5770–5781.
7. Dan S. Hale, Kyla Goodson, and Jeff W. Savell, Department of Animal Science Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service College Station, TX 77843-2471; Updated March 8, 2013; USDA Beef Quality and Yield Grades.
8. Deutscher, G. H., and A. L. Slyter. 1978. Crossbreeding and management systems for beef production. J. Anim. Sci. 47:19-28.

9. Drouillard, J., T. Klopfenstein, R. Stock, and J. Kinder. 1990. Preweaning, growing and finishing performance of steers. In: University of Nebraska-Lincoln Animal Sci. Res. Rep. pp 78-79.
10. Faulkner, D. B., D. F. Hummel, D. D. Buskirk, L. L. Berger, D. F. Parrett, and G. F. Cmarik. 1994. Performance and nutrient metabolism by nursing calves supplemented with limited or unlimited corn or soyhulls. J. Anim. Sci. 72:470-477.
11. Fluharty, F. L., T. B. Turner, S. J. Moeller, and G. D. Lowe. 1997. Effects of age at weaning and diet on growth of calves. In: Ohio State University Research and Reviews. Research Bulletin 156, Columbus, OH.
12. Gregory, K. E., L. V. Cundiff, and R. M. Koch. 1994. Breed effects, dietary energy density effects, and retained heterosis on different measures of gain efficiency in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 72:1138-1154.
13. Harvey, R. W., and J. C. Burns. 1988a. Creep grazing and early weaning effects on cow and calf productivity. J. Anim. Sci. 66:1109-1114.
14. Harvey, R. W., and J. C. Burns. 1988b. Forage species, concentrate feeding level and cow management system in combination with early weaning. J. Anim. Sci. 66:2722-2727.
15. Harvey, R. W., J. C. Burns, T. N. Blumer, and A. C. Linnerud. 1975. Influence of early weaning on calf and pasture productivity. J. Anim. Sci. 41:740-746.
16. Houghton, P. L., R. P. Lemenager, L. A. Horstman, K. S. Hendrix, and G. E. Moss. 1990. Effects of body composition, pre- and postpartum energy level and early weaning on reproductive performance of beef cows and preweaning calf gain. J. Anim. Sci. 68:1438-1446.
17. J. M. Scheffler, M. A. McCann, S. P. Greiner, H. Jiang, M. D. Hanigan, G. A. Bridges, S. L. Lake and D. E. Gerrard. 2014. Early metabolic imprinting events increase marbling scores in fed cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 2014, 92:320-324.
18. Jenkins, T. G., and C. L. Ferrell. 1983. Nutrient requirements to maintain weight of mature, nonlactating, nonpregnant cows of four diverse breed types. J. Anim. Sci. 56:761-770.
19. Lancaster, L. R., R. R. Frahm, and D. R. Gill. 1973. Comparative feedlot performance and carcass traits between steers allowed a postweaning growing period and steers placed on a finishing ration at weaning. J. Anim. Sci. 37:632-636.
20. Lipsey, R. J., M. E. Dikeman, and R. R. Schalles. 1978. Carcass composition of different cattle types related to energy efficiency. J. Anim. Sci. 46:96-101.
21. Lunt, D. K., R. R. Riley, and S. B. Smith. 1993. Growth and carcass characteristics of Angus and American Wagyu steers. Meat Sci. 34:327-334.
22. Lusby, K. S., D. R. Gill, D. M. Anderson, T. L. Gardner, and H. G. Dolezal. 1990. Limit feeding vs full feeding high concentrate diets to early weaned calves effects on performance to slaughter. Okla. Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Rep. MP-129. Stillwater.
23. Lusby, K. S., R. P. Wettemann, and E. J. Turman. 1981. Effects of early weaning calves from first-calf heifers on calf and heifer performance. J. Anim. Sci. 53:1193-1197.
24. Marlowe, T. J., C. C. Mast, and R. R. Schalles. 1965. Some nongenetic influences on calf performance. J. Anim. Sci. 24: 494-501.
25. May, S. G., H. G. Dolezal, D. R. Gill, F. K. Ray, and D. S. Buchanan. 1992. Effect of days fed, carcass grade traits, and subcutaneous fat removal on postmortem muscle characteristics and beef palatability. J. Anim. Sci. 70:444–453.
26. Neville, W. E., Jr., and W. C. McCormick. 1981. Performance of early- and normal-weaned beef calves and their dams. J. Anim. Sci. 52:715-724.
27. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, 1996.
28. Odhiambo, J. F., J. D. Rhinehart, R. Helmondollar, J. Y. Pritchard, P. I. Osborne, E. E. Felton, and R. A. Dailey. 2009. Effect of weaning regimen on energy profiles and reproductive performance of beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 87:2428–2436.
29. Peterson, G. A., T. B. Turner, K. M. Irvin, M. E. Davis, H. W. Newland, and W. R. Harvey. 1987. Cow and calf performance and economic considerations of early weaning of fall-born beef calves. J. Anim. Sci. 64:15-22.
30. Porter, J. K., and F. N. Thompson, Jr. 1992. Effects of fescue toxicosis on reproduction in livestock. J. Anim. Sci. 70: 1594-1603.
31. Richardson, A. T., T. G. Martin, and R. E. Hunsley. 1978. Weaning age of Angus heifer calves as a factor influencing calf and cow performance. J. Anim. Sci. 47:6-14.
32. S. E. Myers, D. B. Faulkner, F. A. Ireland, L. L. Berger and D. F. Parrett, 1999. Production systems comparing early weaning to normal weaning with or without creep feeding for beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 1999, 77:300-310.
33. Schoonmaker, J. P., F. L. Fluharty, and S. C. Loerch. 2004. Effect of source and amount of energy and rate of growth in the growing phase on adipocyte cellularity and lipogenic enzyme activity in the intramuscular and subcutaneous fat depots of Holstein steers. J. Anim. Sci. 82:137–148.
34. Sithyphone, K., M. Yabe, H. Horita, K. Hayashi, T. Fumita, Y. Shiotsuka, T. Etoh, F. Ebara, O. Samadmanivong, J. Wegner, and T. Gotoh. 2011. Comparison of feding systems: Feed cost, palatability and environmental impact among hay-fattened beef, consistent grass-only-fed beef and conventional marbled beef in Wagyu (Japanese Black cattle). Anim. Sci. J. 82:352–359.
35. Smith, S. B., H. Kawachi, C. B. Choi, C. W. Choi, G. Wu, and J. E. Sawyer. 2009. Cellular regulation of bovine intramuscular adipose tissue development and composition. J. Anim. Sci. 87:E72–E82.
36. Taylor, R. E. 1984. Beef Production and The Beef Industry: A beef producers perspective. P 127. Burgess International Group Inc., Edina, MN.
37. Wertz, A. E., L. L. Berger, P. M. Walker, D. B. Faulkner, F. K. McKeith, and S. L. Rodriguez-Zas. 2002. Early-weaning and postweaning nutritional management affect feedlot performance, carcass merit, and the relationship of 12th-rib fat, marbling score, and feed efficiency among Angus and Wagyu heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 80:28–37.