Ordu İli Kivi Üretim Alanlarındaki Toprak Kökenli Fungusların Tanımlanması ve Patojenisitesi

Öz

This study was carried out in order to identify fungal diseases that cause root rot in kiwifruit orchards in Ordu province and to determine their pathogenicity. For this purpose, a total of 135 kiwifruit orchards in Altınordu, Perşembe, Gülyalı, Fatsa, Ünye, İkizce, Ulubey, Kabadüz and Çaybaşı districts, where contain approximately 97% of commercial kiwifruit cultivation of Ordu province, were investigated in 2013 and 2014. In the study, a total of 214 fungal isolates were obtained from the diseased plants in the kiwifruit orchards. It was determined that 37.38% (80 isolates) of the isolates belong to Fusarium oxysporum, 10.75% (23 isolates) to F. solani, 16.82% (36 isolates) to Fusarium spp., 7.94% (17 isolates) to BN Rhizoctonia, 3.74% (8 isolates) to MN R. solani, 5.61% (12 isolates) to Pythium spp., 3.74% (8 isolates) to Macrophomina phaseolina, 2.80% (6 isolates) to Cylindrocarpon spp., 1.4% (3 isolates) to Verticillium spp., 2.34% (5 isolates) to Acremonium spp., 2.34% (5 isolates) to Clonostachys spp., 1.87% (4 isolates) to Rhizopus spp. and 3.27% (7 isolates) to Trichoderma spp. In the pathogenicity tests carried out using approximately 13% of all the isolates on kiwifruit seedlings, it was found that the virulence of the isolates ranged between 0.67 to 5.0. Of the isolates used in this test, Cyb-1, İkz-3 and İkz-4 (F. solani); AO-11 and AO-12 (R. solani); and Cyb-4 and Üny-7 (Pythium spp.) were the most virulent isolates. The difference between the virulence of AO-4 (Clonostachys spp.), Ulu-11 (Rhizopus spp.) and Prs-15 (Trichoderma spp.) isolates, and that of the above-mentioned isolates was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, all isolates of F. solani, R. solani, Pythium spp., M. phaseolina and Cylindrocarpon spp. and some isolates of F. oxysporum (Gül 1 and Ulu-4), Fusarium spp. (Gül-2) and BN Rhizoctonia (AO-13 and Gül-8) significantly reduced root length, and root fresh and dry weights compared to control plants (P<0.05).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kiwifruit,fungal root rot agents,pathogenicity

Proje Numarası

Proje No: TF-1306

Ordu İli Kivi Üretim Alanlarındaki Toprak Kökenli Fungusların Tanımlanması ve Patojenisitesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Ordu ilindeki kivi bahçelerinde kök çürüklüğüne neden olan fungal hastalık etmenlerini tanımlamak ve onların patojenisitelerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, 2013 ve 2014 yıllarında, Ordu İli ticari kivi yetiştiriciliğinin yaklaşık %97’sini kapsayan Altınordu, Perşembe, Gülyalı, Fatsa, Ünye, İkizce, Ulubey, Kabadüz ve Çaybaşı ilçelerinden toplam 135 bahçede inceleme yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, kivi bahçelerindeki hastalıklı bitkilerden toplam 214 fungal izolat elde edilmiştir. İzolatların %37.38 (80 izolat)’inin Fusarium oxysporum’a, %10.75 (23 izolat)’inin F. solani’ye, %16.82 (36 izolat)’sinin Fusarium spp.’ye, %7.94 (17 izolat)’ünün BN Rhizoctonia’ya, %3.74 (8 izolat)’ünün MN R. solani’ye, %5.61 (12 izolat)’inin Pythium spp.’ye, %3.74 (8 izolat)’ünün Macrophomina phaseolina’ya, %2.80 (6 izolat)’inin Cylindrocarpon spp.’ye, %1.4 (3 izolat)’ünün Verticillium spp.’ye, %2.34 (5 izolat)’ünün Acremonium spp.’ye, %2.34 (5 izolat)’ünün Clonostachys spp.’ye, %1.87 (4 izolat)’sinin Rhizopus spp.’ye ve %3.27 (7 izolat)’sinin Trichoderma spp.’ye ait olduğu belirlenmiştir. İzolatların yaklaşık %13’ü kullanılarak kivi fideleri ile yürütülen patojenisite testlerinde, izolatların hastalık şiddeti skala değerleinin 0.67-5.0 arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Patojenisite testinde kullanılan izolatlardan, Cyb-1, İkz-3 ve İkz-4 (F. solani); AO-11 ve AO-12 (R. solani); ile Cyb-4 ve Üny-7 (Pythium spp.) en virülent izolatlar olarak belirlenmiştir. AO-4 (Clonostachys spp.), Ulu-11 (Rhizopus spp.) ve Prs-15 (Trichoderma spp.) izolatlarının hastalık şiddeti skala değerleri ve yukarıda belirtilen izolatların skala değerleri arasındaki farklılık istatistiksel olarak önemli olarak bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Ayrıca, F. solani, R. solani, Pythium spp., M. phaseolina ve Cylindrocarpon spp.’nin tüm izolatları ve F. oxysporum (Gül 1 ve Ulu-4), Fusarium spp. (Gül-2) ve BN Rhizoctonia (AO-13 ve Gül-8)’nın bazı izolatları kök uzunluğunu, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlıklarını kontrol bitkilerine kıyasla önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır (P<0.05).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kivi,fungal kök çürüklüğü etmenleri,patojenisite

Destekleyen Kurum

Ordu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Proje Numarası

Proje No: TF-1306

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, Ordu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri tarafından desteklenmiştir (Proje No: TF-1306). Çalışmada kivilerden elde edilen kök çürüklüğü etmeni fungusların teşhisinde yardımcı olan Prof. Dr. Berna Tunalı ve Doç. Dr. İsmail Erper’e (Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Atakum, Samsun)’e teşekkür ederiz.

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