Ordu’da kivi bitkilerinden izole edilen Fusarium türlerinin tanımlanması ve patojenisitesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Ordu ili kivi bitkilerinde kök çürüklüğüne neden olan Fusarium türlerini tanımlamak ve onların patojenisitelerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, 2014 yılında, Ordu İli ticari kivi yetiştiriciliğinin yaklaşık %97’sini kapsayan Altınordu, Perşembe, Gülyalı, Fatsa, Ünye, İkizce, Ulubey ve Çaybaşı ilçelerinden toplam 118 bahçede inceleme yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, kivi bahçelerinde hastalıklı bitkilerden toplam 136 Fusarium spp. izolatı elde edilmiştir. İzolatların %57.4 (78 adet)’ünün Fusarium oxysporum’a, %15.4 (21 adet)’ünün F. solani’ye, %7.4 (10 adet)’ünün F. redolens’e, %5.9 (8 adet)’unun F. equiseti’ye, %2.9 (4 adet)’unun F. culmorum’a, %2.2 (3 adet)’sinin F. verticilloides’e, %2.2 (3 adet)’sinin Fusarium sp.’ye, %1.5 (2 adet)’inin F. vetricosum’a, %1.5 (2 adet)’inin F. acuminatum’a, %0.7 (1 adet)’sinin F. bulbicola’ya, %0.7 (1 adet)’sinin F. compactum’a, %0.7 (1 adet)’sinin F. incarnatum’a, %0.7 (1 adet)’sinin F. subglutinans’a ve %0.7 (1 adet)’sinin F. tabacinum’a ait olduğu belirlenmiştir. İzolatların yaklaşık %21 (28 adet)’i kullanılarak kivi fidanları ile yürütülen patojenisite testlerinde, izolatların hastalık şiddeti skalası 0.25-4.0 arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Patojenisite testinde kullanılan izolatlardan, F. solani’ye ait 65-5-1, 87-1-1, 66-3-2 ve 69-2-2; F. verticilloides’e ait 75-5-1 ve 76-4-1; ve F. oxysporum’a ait 126-2-2, 97-3-2, 105-2-1 ve 51-1-1 en virülent bulunan izolatlardır. Yukarıda belirtilen izolatların virülenslikleri ile F. acuminatum, F. bulbicola, F. compactum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. incarnatum, F. subglutinans, F. tabacinum, F. ventricosum ve Fusarium sp. izolatlarının virülenslikleri arasındaki farklılık istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (P < 0.05). Ayrıca, F. solani ve F. verticilloides’in tüm izolatları ve F. oxysporum’un bazı izolat (126-2-2, 97-3-2, 105-2-1 ve 51-1-1)’ları bitki gelişim parametreleri (bitki boyu, kök uzunluğu ve kök ve bitki gövde kuru ağırlıkları)’ni kontrol bitkilerine kıyasla önemli ölçüde azaltmışlardır (P < 0.05).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kivi
• Fusarium spp.
• patojenisite.

Identification and pathogenicity of Fusarium species isolated from kiwifruit plants in Ordu

Öz

This study was carried out in order to identify Fusarium species causing root rot in kiwifruit plants in Ordu province, and to determine their pathogenicity. A total of 118 kiwifruit orchards located in Altınordu, Perşembe, Gülyalı, Fatsa, Ünye, İkizce, Ulubey and Çaybaşı districts were surveyed to collect diseased samples in 2014. Surveyed areas constitute approximately 97% of commercial kiwifruit cultivation of Ordu province. As a result of the study, a total of 136 Fusarium spp. isolates were obtained from the diseased plants samples. It was determined that 57.4% (78) of the isolates belong to Fusarium oxysporum, 15.4% (21) to F. solani, 7.4% (10) to F. redolens, 5.9% (8) to F. equiseti, 2.9% (4) to F. culmorum, 2.2% (3) to F. verticilloides, 2.2% (3) to Fusarium sp., 1.5% (2) to F. vetricosum, 1.5% (2) to F. acuminatum, 0.7% (1) to F. bulbicola, 0.7% (1) to F. compactum, 0.7% (1) to F. incarnatum, 0.7% (1) to F. subglutinans and 0.7% (1) to F. tabacinum. In the pathogenicity tests carried out using approximately 21% (28) of the isolates on kiwifruit seedlings, it was found that the disease severity of the isolates ranged between 0.25 to 4.0. Of the isolates used in this test, 65-5-1, 87-1-1, 66-3-2 and 69-2-2 (F. solani); 75-5-1 and 76-4-1 (F. verticilloides); and 126-2-2, 97-3-2, 105-2-1 and 51-1-1 (F. oxysporum) were the most virulent isolates. The difference between the virulence of the above-mentioned isolates and that of F. acuminatum, F. bulbicola, F. compactum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. incarnatum, F. subglutinans, F. tabacinum, F. ventricosum and Fusarium sp. isolates was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In addition, all isolates of F. solani and F. verticilloides, and some isolates (126-2-2, 97-3-2, 105-2-1 ve 51-1-1) of F. oxysporum significantly reduced plant growth parameters (plant height, root length, and dry weights of shoot and root) compared to control plants (P < 0.05).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kiwifruit
• patojenisite
• Fusarium spp

Kaynakça

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