Effect of Different Pasture Plants on Carcass Yield and Some Carcass Part Weights in Free System Broiler Breeding

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 80 - 88, 01.06.2017

Mustafa Garip Tahir Balevi Esad Sami Polat Rahmi Canbar Cahit Özcan

Öz

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different pasture contents on growth and carcass characteristics in free system poultry. Trial were made on 4 decares of clover, Bromus inermis or clover + Bromus inermis planted field in eight numbers of mobile pen that designed to be surrounded by steel wire. In trial one, 480 number of one day old male Hubbard Isa Red-JA broiler chicks were divided to 4 groups each of which further divided into 4 subgroups. The first group of broiler chickens were sent for cutting on the 42nd day and the other groups on the 84th day. At the end of the trial Carcass yields were obtained as 73, 77, 74 and 74 on days 42, 77, 76, 75, 73 and 84, respectively. The difference between day 84 carcass yields was found significant (P <0.05). The slaughter weights day 84 were found to be 1245.59, 1226.13, 1300.68, 1247.27, 1254.92 and 965.88, 929.12, 974.87, 903.96, 943.46, respectively, in the groups with the slaughter weights of 42 days (P>0.05). Carcass weight was found to be lower in all other parts than in control (P <0.05), while there was no difference in weight, edible part, neck and foot weight. As a result, although different pasture contents did not cause an early variability in slowly growing broiler chickens, live weight, cut and some carcass weight were affected in later periods.

Anahtar Kelimeler

free system,  broiler,  pasture composition,  carcass quality

Farklı Mera Bitkilerinin Serbest Sistem Etlik Piliç Yetiştiriciliğinde Karkas Randımanı ve Bazı Karkas Parça Ağırlıkları Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı mera içeriklerinin serbest sistem (free range) tavukçulukta büyüme ve karkas özellikleri üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Deneme, yonca, kılçıksız brom ve kekik ekilmiş yaklaşık 4 dekar  arazide,  8  adet  mobil  kümes  içinde  ve  etrafı  seyyar  tellerle  çevrili  alanda  gerçekleştirildi. Denemede günlük yaşta 480 adet yavaş gelişen erkek Hubbard Isa Red‐JA broyler civcivler 4 ana gruba, her grup da 4 alt gruba ayrıldı. Deneme sonunda karkas randımanları 42. günde sıarasıyla % 77, 76, 75, 73 ve 84. günde sırasıyla % 73, 77, 74, 74 olarak elde edildi. 84. gün karkas randımanaları arasındaki fark önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Kesim ağırlıkları 42 günde 1245.59±74.41, 1226.13±79.11, 1300.68±28.90, 1247.27±45.01, 1254.92±29.19 karkas ağırlıkları ise 965.88±80.00, 929.12±56.57, 974.87±46.63 , 903.96±27.36,  943.46±27.08  olarak  gerçekleşmiş  gruplar  arasında  fark  bulunmamıştır  (P>0.05).  Karkas parça ağırlıkları bakımından taşlık, yenilebilir kısım, boyun ve ayak ağırlıklarında fark oluşmamıştır. Diğer tüm  karkas  parça  ağırlıklarında  kontrol  grubunda  deneme  gruplarından  daha  düşük  bulunmuştur (P<0.05).  Sonuç  olarak  farklı  mera  içeriği,  yavaş  büyüyen  etlik  piliçlerde  erken  dönemde  bir  farklığa neden  olmadığı  halde,  ilerleyen  dönemlerde  canlı  ağırlık,  kesim  ve  bazı  karkas  parça  ağırlıklarını etkilediği gözlemlenmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: serbest sistem, broiler, mera kompozisyon, karkas kalitesi     This study was presented orally at the 3rd International Vetistanbul Group Congress 2016 on May 17‐20.

Kaynakça

• Cheema, M., Qureshi, M.A., Havenstein, G.B. (2003). A comparison of the immuneresponse of a 2001 commercial broiler with a 1957 random bred broiler strain when fed representative1957 and 2001 broiler diets. Poult Sci, 82 (10): 1519-1529.
• Havenstein, G.B., Ferket, P.R., Qureshi MA. (2003). Carcass composition and yieldof 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broilerdiets. Poult Sci, 82 (10): 1509-1518.
• Chin, S.F., Liu, W., Storkson, J.M., Ha, Y.L., Pariza, M.W. (1992). Dietary sources of conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid, a newly recognized class ofanticarcinogens. J Food Compos Anal, 5 (3): 185-197.
• Gebauer, S.K., Psota, T.L., Harris, W.S., Kris-Etherton, P.M. (2006) N-3 fatty acid dietary recommendations and food sources to achieve essentiality and cardiovascular benefits. Am J Clin Nutr, 83 (6): 1526-1535.
• Lay Jr, D.C., Fulton, R.M., Hester, P.Y., Karcher, D.M., Kjaer, J.B., Mench, J.A., Mullens, B.A., Newberry, R.C., Nicol, C.J., O’Sullivan, N.P., Porter, R.E. (2011) Hen welfarein different housing systems. Poult Sci, 90 (1): 278-294.
• Bianchi, M., Petracci, M., Sirri, F., Folegatti, E., Franchini, A, Meluzzi, A. (2007) The influence of the season and market class of broiler chickens on breast meat quality traits. Poult Sci, 86 (5): 959-963.
• Fanatico, A.C., Pillai, P.B., Emmert, J.L., Owens, C.M. (2007) Meat quality of slow andfast-growing chicken genotypes fed low-nutrientor standard diets and raised indoors or with outdoor access. Poult Sci, 86 (10): 2245-2255.
• Fanatico, A.C., Cavitt, L.C., Pillai, P.B., Emmert, J.L., Owens C.M.. (2005a). Evaluation of slower-growing broiler genotypes grown with and without outdoor access: Meat quality. Poultry Science, 84(11). 1785-1790.
• Fanatico, A.C., Pillai P.B., Cavitt, L.C., Owens C.M., and Emmert, J.L. (2005b.) Evaluation of slower-growing broiler genotypes grown with and without outdoor access: growth performance and carcass yield. Poultry Science, 84(8). 1321-1327.
• Van Horne, P.L.M., Achterbosch, T.J. (2008). Animal welfare in poultry production systems: Impact of EU standards on World trade. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 64. 40-51.
• Castellini, C., Mugnai, C., Pedrazzoli, M., Bosco, A.D. 2006. Productive performance and carcass traits of Leghorn chickens and their crosses reared according to the organic farming system. In the proceedings of: XII European Poultry Conference, 10-14 September.
• Castellini, C., C. Mugnai, Bosco, A.D. (2002). Effect of Organic Production System on Broiler Carcass and Meat Quality. Meat Science, (60), 219-225.
• Lima, A.M.C., Naas, I.A. (2005). Evaluating two systems of poultry production: Conventional and free-range. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic, 7: 215-220.
• Wang, K.H., Shi, S.R. Dou, T.C., Sun, H.J. (2009). Effect of a Free-Range Raising System on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield, and Meat Quality of Slow-Growing Chicken. Poultry Science, 88 (10), 2219-2223.
• Chisholm, J., Trott D., C., Zivnuska, J., Cox, Seipel., M. (2003). Pasture Poultry Reseach bulletin Pasture Poultry and Student Research at Truman State University.
• Ponte, P.I.P., Prates, J.A.M., Crespo, J.P., Crespo, D.G., Mourao, J.L., Alves, S.P., Bessa, R.J.B., Chaveiro-Soares, M.A., Gama, L.T., Ferreira, L.M.A., Fontes G.A.C.M. (2008a). Pasture Intake Improves the Performance and Meat Sensory Attributes of Free-Range Broilers. Poultry Science, 87(1), 71-79.
• Dou, T.C., Shi, S.R., Sun, H.J., Wang, K.H. (2009). Growth Rate, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Slowgrowing Chicken Grown According to Three Raising Systems. Animal Science Papers and Reports, (27),361-369.
• Ponte, P.I.P., Prates, J.A.M., Crespo, J.P., Crespo, D.G., Mourao, J.L., Alves, S.P., Bessa, R.J.B., Chaveiro-Soares, M.A., Gama, L.T., Ferreira, L.M.A., Fontes G.A.C.M. (2008b). Restricting the Intake of a Cereal-Based Feed in Free-Range Pasture Poultry: Effects on Performance and Meat Quality. Poultry Science, 87(10), 2032-2042.
• Chen, X., Jiang, W., Tan, H.Z., Xu, G.F.,. Zhang, X.B., Wei, S., Wang, X.Q. (2013). Effects of Outdoor Access on Growth Performance, Carcass Composition, and Meat Characteristics of Broiler Chickens. Poultry Science, 92(2), 435-443.
• Awad, W.A., Ghareeb, K., Abdel-Raheem, S., Böhm, J. (2009). Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Probiotic and Synbiotic on Growth Performance, Organ Weights, and Intestinal Histomorphology of Broiler Chickens. Poultry Science, 88(1), 49-55.
• Smith, D.P., Northcutt, J.K., Steinberg, E.L. (2012). Meat Quality and Sensory Attributes of a Conventional anda Label Rouge-type Broiler Strain Obtained at Retail. Poultry Science, 91(6), 1489-1495.
• Husak, R. L., Sebranek, J.G., Bregendahl, K. (2008). A Survey of Commercially Available Broilers Marketed as Organic, Free-Range, and Conventional Broilers for Cooked Meat Yields, Meat Composition, and Relative Value. Poultry Science, 87(11), 2367-2376
• Mikulski, D., Celej, J., Jankowski, J., Majewska, T., Mikulska, M.. (2011). Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Slower-growing and Fast-growing Chickens Raised with and without Outdoor Access. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 24,10, 1407 – 1416.
• Poltowicz, K., Doktor, J. (2012) Effect of slaughter age on performance and meat quality of slow-growing broiler chickens Ann. Anim. Sci, Vol. 12, No. 4 621–631.
• Fanatico, A.C., Pillai, P.B., Hester, P.Y., Falcone, C., Mench, J.A., Owens, C.M., Emmert, J.L. 2008 Performance, livability, and carcass yield of slow- and fastgrowing chicken genotypes fed low-nutrient or standard diets and raised indoors or with outdoor access. Poult Sci, 87 (6): 1012-1021.
• Eleroğlu, H,, Yıldırım, A., Şekeroğlu, A., Duman, M. (2014) Comparison of the Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Two Slow-Growing Broiler Genotypes Fed Diets Supplemented with Dry Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) or Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) Leaves under the Organic System Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 20 (1): 49-58.
• Şekeroğlu, A., Diktaş, M. (2012). Yavaş Gelişen Etlik Piliçlerin Karkas Özelliklerine ve Et Kalitesine Serbest Yetiştirme Sisteminin Etkisi. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 18 (6): 1007-1013.
• Ward, J.M., Houston, D.C., Ruxton, G.D., McCafferty, D.J., Cook, P. (2001). Termal resistance of chicken (Gallus domesticus) plumage: A comparison between broiler and free-range birds. Br. Poult. Sci., 42: 558-563.
• Bogosavljevıc-Boskovıc S., Kurcubıc, V., Petrovıc, M., Radovıc V. (2006a) The effect of sex and rearing system on carcass composition and cut yields of broiler chickens. Czech Journal of Animal Science 51(1), 31-38.
• Bogosavljevıc-Boskovıc S., Kurcubıc, V., Petrovıc, M., Radovıc V. (2006b) The effect of season and rearing systems on meat quality traits. Czech Journal of Animal Science 51(8), 369-374.
• Milosevic N., Perıc l., Strugar v., Zıkıc D., Pavlovskı Z. (2005). Rearing of fattening chickens on free range and extensively in chickens coop. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 5-6, 125-136
• Skomorucha, I., Muchacka, R., Sosnowka-Czajka, E., Herbut, E. (2008). Effects of rearing with or without outdoor access and stocking density on broiler chicken productivity. Annals of Animal Science 8(4), 387-393.
• Pavlovskı, Z., Skrabıc Z., Lukıc M., Petrıcevıc Bogosavljevıc-Boskovıc S., Kurcubıc, V., Petrovıc, M., Radovıc V.L., Trenkovskı, S. (2009) The effect of genotype and housing system on production results of fattening chickens. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 25(3-4), 221-229.