Morfometrik ve Geometrik Morfometrik Yöntemlerinin Veterinerlik Anatomisi Alanında Kullanımı

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 226 - 235, 22.12.2023

Şevval Özdemir , Mehmet Can

https://doi.org/10.53518/mjavl.1334252

Cited By: 1

Öz

Materyaller üzerinde kullanılan araçlar ile uzunluk, açı gibi parametrelerin ölçüldüğü ve sonuçların istatiksel analizini kapsayan yöntem morfometridir. Morfometrik yöntemler şeklin konu edinildiği birçok alanda ve çeşitli materyaller üzerinde uzun zamandır kullanılmaktadır. Sağlık bilimlerini konu edinen araştırma dallarında faydalanılan bu yöntem veterinerlik anatomisi alanında da sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Yaşanan teknolojik ilerlemeler ile morfometrik yöntemler de gelişmektedir. Morfometrik yöntem ile elde edilen ölçümlerin yanı sıra incelenen materyalin şekil yorumunun tamamen araştırmacının gözlemine dayalı olması bu yöntemi ampirik kılmaktadır. Geliştirilen son yaklaşım şekil analizine ve geometrik bilgilerin tamamının tutulmasına yaptığı vurgu nedeniyle geometrik morfometri olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Geometrik morfometrik incelemelerde indirekt yöntemler yardımıyla veri elde edilmektedir. Bu yöntemler üç boyutlu tarayıcıdan elde edilen görüntüler, radyografik görüntüler üzerinden yapılmakla birlikte en sık kullanılan yöntem fotoğraflama yöntemidir. Bu yöntemde verilerin saptanması için kartezyen koordinatları kullanılır. Bunun yanı sıra fotoğraflama metoduyla iki ve üç boyutlu incelemelerin yapılması mümkündür. Ayrıca bu yeni yöntem, çok sayıda şekil değişkenini bir arada incelemeye olanak tanırken analiz sonuçlarının grafiksel gösterimine de imkan sağlamaktadır. Morfometrik yöntemler ile şekil analizi, araştırmacının yorumuna dayalıyken geometrik morfometrik yöntemlerde bu analiz sonucunda daha kesin verilere ulaşmak mümkündür. Bu çalışmada, veterinerlik anatomisi alanında sıklıkla yararlanılan morfometrik ve geometrik morfometrik yöntemlerin kıyaslanması ve bu yöntemlerin kullanılmasının ne gibi farklılıklar yarattığını ortaya koymak hedeflenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anatomik nokta, fotoğraflama, şekilsel değişim.

Usage of Morphometric and Geometric Morphometric Methods in the Field of Veterinary Anatomy

Öz

Morphometry is a method in which parameters such as length and angle are measured with the tools used on the materials and the statistical analysis of the results. Morphometric methods have been used for a long time in many areas where shape is the subject and on various materials. This method, which is used in research branches dealing with health sciences, is also frequently used in the field of veterinary anatomy. Morphometric methods are also developing with technological advances. In addition to the measurements obtained by the morphometric method, the interpretation of the shape of the material examined is based entirely on the observation of the researcher, making this method empirical. The last approach developed is called geometric morphometry because of its emphasis on shape analysis and retention of all geometric information. In geometric morphometric examinations, data are obtained with the help of indirect methods. Although these methods are performed on images obtained from a three-dimensional scanner and radiographic images, the most commonly used method is photography. In this method, Cartesian coordinates are used to determine the data. In addition, it is possible to carry out two- and three-dimensional examinations with the same method. In addition, this new method allows to examine a large number of shape variables together and also provides a graphical display of the analysis results. While shape analysis with morphometric methods is based on the researcher's interpretation, it is possible to obtain more precise data as a result of this analysis in geometric morphometric methods. In this study, it is aimed to compare morphometric and geometric morphometric methods, which are frequently used in the field of veterinary anatomy, and to reveal what differences the use of these methods creates.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anatomical point, photographing, shape change

Kaynakça

• Sanyal, B., & Ghosh, S.K. (2022). Dosimetry in food irradiation. In: V.M. Gómez- López & R. Bhat (Eds). Electromagnetic technologies in food science (pp. 33-52). Hoboken:John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Abbasabadi, B.M., Ghojoghi, F., Rahmati, S. ve Hajian, O. (2020). Dama dama mesopotamica. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 15(02), 221-233. doi:10.22059/ijvm.2020.299875.1005075.
• Abdullayeva, H. (2022). İskeletten Cinsiyet Belirlemede Geometrik Morfometri Yönteminin Uygulanabilirliği [Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi (Tez No: 752469)
• Adams, D.C. ve Otarola-Castillo, E. (2013). Geomorph: An R package for the collection and analysis of geometric morphometric shape data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 4, 393–399. doi: 10.1111/2041- 210X.12035.
• Aytek, A.İ. (2016). Antik Anadolu Toplumlarının Geometrik Morfometrik Karşılaştırmaları [Doktora tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi (Tez No: 430466).
• Aytek, A.İ. (2017). Geometrik Morfometri, Mimarlar Arkeologlar Sanat Tarihçileri Restoratörler Ortak Platformu E-Dergisi, 17(11). http://www.masrop.org/
• Bacon, A.M. (2000). Principal components analysis of distal humeral shape in pliocene to recent African hominids: the contribution of geometric morphometrics. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 111(4), 479–487. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(200004)111:4<479::AID-AJPA4>3.0.CO;2-%23
• Bayram, S. (2022). Rinoplasti ve Rekonstrüksiyon Açısından Geometrik Morfometri Yöntemi ile Burun Şeklinin Analizi [Yüksek Lisans tezi, Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi] Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi (Tez No: 717607)
• Bernal, V. (2007), Size and Shape Analysis of Human Molars: Comparing Traditional and Geometric Morphometric Techniques, HOMO- Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 58, 279- 296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchb.2006.11.003
• Bookstein, F. (1991). Morphometric tools for landmark data. (Press 1). United Kingdom; Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511573064
• Bouhallier, J. ve Berge, C. (2006). Analyse morphologique et fonctionnelle du pelvis des primates Catarrhiniens: conséquences pour l’obstétrique. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 5(3- 4), 551- 560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2005.12.007
• Boz, İ., Manuta, N., Özkan, E., Kahvecioğlu, O., Pazvant, G., Gezer İnce, N., Hadžiomerović, N., Szara, T., Altundağ, Y. ve Gündemir, O. (2023). Geometric Morphometry In Veterinary Anatomy. Veterinaria, 72(1), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.51607/22331360.2023.72.1.15
• Böhmer, C. ve Böhmer, E. (2017). Shape variation in the craniomandibular system and prevalence of dental problems in domestic rabbits: A case study in evolutionary veterinary science. Veterinary Sciences, 4(1), 5. doi: 10.3390/vetsci4010005
• Can, M., Özüdoğru, Z. ve İlgün, R. (2022) A morphometric study on skulls of hasmer and hasak sheep breeds. International Journal of Morphology, 40(6),1536-1545.
• Caymaz, B.N. (2022). Humerus Distal Ucu Morfometrik Analizi [Yüksek lisans tezi, İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi (Tez No: 750605).
• Claude, J. (2008). Morphometrics with R. New York: Springer Science+Business Media. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387- 77790-0
• Dalga, S. (2019) Topographic and morphometric study of the mental foramina of Abaza goats with its clinical implication for regional anaesthesia. Folia Morphologica. 79(3), 576–579. Doi: 10.5603/FM.a2019.0122
• Demircioğlu, İ., Demiraslan, Y., Gürbüz, İ. ve Dayan, M. O. (2021). Geometric morphometric analysis of skull and mandible in Awassi ewe and ram. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1). doi: 10.9775/kvfd.2020.24714
• Demircioğlu, I., Duro, S., Güngören, G., Choudhary, O.P., Gündemir, O., Demiraslan, Y. ve Pazvant, G. (2022). Digits angle and digits length ratio in japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Indian Journal of Animal Research, 56(9), 1105-1109.doi: 10.18805/IJAR.B-1326
• Dryden, I.L. ve Mardia, K.V. (1998). Statistical Shape Analysis. New York: Wiley.
• Duro, S., Gündemir, O., Sönmez, B., Jashari, T., Szara, T., Pazvant, G. ve Kambo, A. (2021). A different perspective on sex dimorphism in the adult Hermann’s tortoise: Geometric morphometry. Zoological Studies. 60. doi: 10.6620/ZS.2021.60-09
• Gunz, P., Mitteroecker, P. ve Bookstein, F.L. (2005). Semilandmarks in three dimensions, Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology (ss. 73-74). Kluwer Academic.
• Gündemir, O., Hadžiomerović, N., Pazvant, G. ve Erdikmen, D.O. (2021). Radiometric and geometric morphometric analysis of the carpal joint area in 2-year-old thoroughbred horses. Veterinaria, 70(2), 209-17. doi:10.51607/22331360.2021.70. 2.209.
• Gündemir, O., Duro, S., Szara, T., Koungoulos, L., Jashari, T., Demircioğlu, İ. ve Melnyk, O. O. (2023). Skull variation in different breeds sheep from Balkan countries. Annals of Anatomy- Anatomischer Anzeiger, 249, 152083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152083
• Gürbüz, İ., Demiraslan, Y., Gülbaz, F. ve Aslan, K. (2016). Malakan Atı mandibula'nın cinsiyete göre morfometrik özellikleri. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 32 (3), 136-140.
• Gürbüz, İ., Aytek, A.İ., Demiraslan, Y., Onar, V. ve Özgel, O. (2020). Geometric morphometric analysis of cranium of wolf (Canis lupus) and German shepherd dog (Canis lupus familiaris). Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(4), 525-32. doi: 10.9775/kvfd.2019.23841.
• Gürbüz, İ., Demiraslan, Y., Karaavcı, F.A., Yılmaz, O. ve Demircioğlu, İ. (2022). Geometric Morphometric Analysis on the skull of the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes). Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1),1-7. doi:10.31196/huvfd.1012563.
• Hadžiomerović, N., Gündemir, O. ve Kovacevic, S. (2022). Mandible size and shape of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and golden jackal (Canis aureus). Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 10, 364-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.aavs/2022/10.2.364.368
• Hadžiomerović, N., Gündemir, O., Tandir, F., Avdić, R. ve Katica, M. (2023). Geometric and morphometric analysis of the auditory ossicles in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Animals, 13, 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13071230.
• Kaesler, R. L. ve Waters, J. A. (1972). Fourier analysis of the ostracode margin. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 83(4), 1169-1178. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[1169:FAOTOM]2.0.CO;2
• Kafa, İ.M. ve Arı, İ. (2004). Morfometrik Çalışmalarda Manüel (El ile) ve Dijital (Sayısal)- Bilgisayar Destekli Ölçüm Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(3), 141-144. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/uutfd/issue/35255/391135
• Katina, S., Bookstein, F., Gunz, P.ve Schaefer, K. (2007). Was it worth digitizing all those curves? A worked example from craniofacial primatology. American Journal of Physical Anthropoogy, 44, 140.
• Kergoat, G.J. ve Alvarez, N. (2008). Assessing the phylogenetic usefulness of a previously neglected morphological structure through elliptic Fourier analyses: a case study in Bruchus seed- beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Systematic Entomolog, 33(2); 289-300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 3113.2007.00405.x
• Klingenberg, C.P. (2011). MORPHOJ: an integrated software package for geometric morphometrics. Molecular Ecology Resources. 11, 353–357. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02924.x
• Koçak, İ. (1998). Temel bileşenler analizi ve uygulaması. [Doktora tezi, İnönü Üniversitesi]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi (Tez No: 71597)
• Kuhl, F.P. ve Giardina, C.R. (1982). Elliptic Fourier features of a closed contour, computer graphics and image processing. Computer Graphics and Image Processing, 18(3), 236-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/0146- 664X(82)90034-X
• Manfreda, E., Mitteroecker, P., Bookstein, F.L. ve Schafer, K. (2006). Functional morphology of the first cervical vertebra in humans and nonhuman primates. Anatomical Record, 289, 184–194. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.b.20113
• Manthley, L. ve Ousley, S.D. (2020). Geometric Morphometrics. Statistics and Probability in Forensic Anthropology, 289-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815764-0.00023-X
• Masko, M., Wierzbicka, M., Zdrojkowski, Ł., Jasiński, T., Sikorska, U., Pawliński, B. ve Domino, M. (2022). Comparison of donkey, pony, and horse dorsal profiles and head shapes using geometric morphometrics. Animals, 12(7), 931. doi: 10.3390%2Fani12070931.
• Mitteroecker, P., Gunz, P. ve Bookstein, F.L. (2005). Heterochrony and geometric morphometrics: a comparison of cranial growth in Pan paniscus versus Pan troglodytes. Evolution and Development, 7(3), 244–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142X.2005.05027.x
• Mitteroecker, P. ve Gunz, P. (2009). Advances in Geometric Morphometrics. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 36,235-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-009-9055-x
• Özkoçak, V. ve Alkaya, A. (2017). Geometrik Morfometride İstatiksel Yaklaşımlar. Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara.
• Özüdoğru, Z., İlgün, R. ve Can, M. (2020). Morphometric Study on the Hasak Sheep Mandible. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 5(4), 516-519.
• Pares-Casanova, P.M. ve Domènech-Domènech, X. (2021). A comparative analysis of sphenoid bone between domestic sheep (ovis aries) and goat (capra hircus) using geometric morphometrics. Anatomia Histologia Embryologia, 50(3), 556-561. doi: 10.1111/ahe.12661.
• Pares-Casanova, P.M., Salamanca-Carreño, A., Crosby Granados, R.A. ve Bentez-Molano, J. (2020). A comparison of traditional and geometric morphometric techniques for the study of basicranial morphology in horses: a case study of the Araucanian Horse from Colombia. Animals, 10(1), 118. doi: 10.3390/ani10010118.
• Pavlinov, I.Y. (2001). Geometric morphometrics, a new analytical approach to comparison of digitized images. p. 41-90 in: Information Technology in Biodiversity Resarch. (2nd.) International Symposium, St. Petersburg.
• Palci, A., ve Lee, M. S. (2019). Geometric morphometrics, homology and cladistics: review and recommendations. Cladistics, 35(2), 230-242.
• Polihronakis, M. (2006). Morphometric analysis of intraspecific shape varition in male and female genitalia of Phyllophaga hirticula (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99, 144-150. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099[0144:MAOISV]2.0.CO;2
• Rohlf, F.J. ve Marcus, L.F. (1993). A revolution in morphometrics. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 8(4),129-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(93)90024-J
• Scholtz, Y., Steyn, M. ve Pretorıus, E. (2010). A geometric morphometric study into the sexual dimorphism of the human scapula. HOMO-Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 61, 253–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchb.2010.01.048
• Slice, D.E. (2005). Modern morphometrics in physical anthropology. Kluwer Academıc, Plenum Publıshers: New York.
• Slice, D.E. (2007). Geometric Morphometrics. Annual Review of Anthropology, 36, 261-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchb.2010.01.048
• Szara, T., Duro, S., Gündemir, O. ve Demircioğlu, İ. (2022). Sex determination in Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica) using geometric morphometrics of the skull. Animals, 12(3), 302. doi: 10.3390/ani12030302.
• Vance, V.L. ve Steyn, M. (2013). Geometric morphometric assessment of sexually dimorphic characteristics of the distal humerus. HOMO- Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 64, 329– 340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchb.2013.04.003
• Velemínská, J., Krajíček, V., Dupej, J., Goméz-Valdés, J.A., Velemínský, P., Šefčáková, A., Pelikán, J., Sánchez- Mejorada, G. ve Brůžek, J. (2013). Technical Note: Geometric Morphometrics and SexualDimorphism of the Greater Sciatic Notch in Adults From Two Skeletal Collections: The Accuracy and Reliability of Sex Classification. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 152(4), 435-571. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22373
• Yılmaz, B., Harem, İ.Ş., Demircioğlu, İ., Özyiğit, G. ve Bozkaya, F. (2018) Aseel ırkı horoz ve tavuklarda Glandula uropygialis’in anatomik, morfometrik ve histolojik özellikleri. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 34 (2), 65- 70. DOI: 10.15312/EurasianJVetSci.2018.182
• Zelditch, M.L., Swiderski, D.L. ve Sheets, H.D. (2004). Geometric morphometrics for biologists: a primer. Cambridge: Academic press.