Toxicity of polyvinyl alcohols in medicinal chemistry

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 129 - 135, 06.12.2021

Orkun Dalyan , Ömer Faruk Öztürk , Mehmet Pişkin

https://doi.org/10.51354/mjen.918635

Cited By: 3

Öz

 Polyvinyl alcohol (Chemical Abstracts Service No: 9002-89-5), biodegradable, biocompatible, water-soluble, odorless, tasteless, transparent, white to creamy granular or powder appearance, and is a synthetic hydroxy polymer used in a broad variety of industrial, trading, medicinal and food implementations. The aim of this review is to back the safety of polyvinyl alcohol qua a coating agent for medicinal chemistry and dietary addition products, considering the current knowledge of polyvinyl alcohol. All available information on polyvinyl alcohol obtained from a comprehensive scientific literature review was seriously evaluated. Orally directed polyvinyl alcohol is comparatively harmless. The safety of polyvinyl alcohol when directed orally is based on: (a) Acute oral toxicity LD50 rates are in the range of 14.7–20 g/kg, very low, (b) is very poorly absorbed from the digestive system, (c) does not accumulate in the body, (d) the highest levels of polyvinyl alcohol with no observed adverse effects when directed orally in male and female rats, 5000 mg / kg body weight / day in a 90-day diet survey as the highest dose tested and 5000 mg / kg body weight / day was found in two generation reproductive studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Polyvinyl alcohol, Toxicity, Medicinal chemistry, Dietary supplement, Coating material

Proje Numarası

FHD-2021-3364

Kaynakça

• Köysüren NH., Köysüren Ö., “Preparation of Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Nanofibers and Solid-Phase Photocatalytic Degradation Polyvinyl Alcohol”, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 33, (2018), 1411-1418.
• Wade A., Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Weller PJ, Ed. American Pharmaceutical Association, Washington DC. 1994.
• Rowe RC., Sheskey PJ., Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. Owen SC, Ed. Pharmaceutical Press and American Pharmacists Association, Washington DC. 2006.
• Isolyser Company, 1998. Isolyser Company, Inc. 4320 International Boulevard, NW, Norcross, GA.
• Sanders JM., Matthews HB., “Vaginal Absorption of Polyvinyl Alcohol in Fischer 334 rats”, Human and Experimental al Toxicology, 9. (1990), 71 – 77.
• Hodge HC., Sterner JH., “Tabulation of Toxicity Classes”, American Industrial Hygiene Association Quarterly, 10, (1949), 93-96.
• Zaitsev NA., Skachkova IN., Sechenov IM., “Substantiation of Hygienic Standards for some Polymeric Compounds in Water with the Use of Gradual Standardization”, Gig Sanit, 10, (1986), 75-76.
• Clydesdale FM., Food Additives: Toxicology, Regulation and Properties. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 1997.
• Burford, RG, Chappel C, 1968. Range-Finding Acute Toxicity Studies of Polyvinyl Alcohol, Phthalic Acid and Cellulose Acetate Phthalate in the Mouse. Bio-Research Laboratories, Ltd., Point Claire, Quebec. For: Merck, Sharpe and Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, Penn./Charles E. Frosst & Company, Montrél, Unpublished study.
• CTFA. 1975. Six-week subacute dermal toxicity study in rats: Polyvinyl Alcohol. Unpublished data submitted by the CTFA, June 20, 1995. (8 pages).
• CTFA. 1977. Safety evaluation of peel-off mask: containing 13% Polyvinyl Alcohol. Thirteen-week subchronic dermal toxicity study in rats. Unpublished data submitted by the CTFA, June 20, 1995. (9 pages).
• Hueper WC., “Organic Lesions Produced by Polyvinyl Alcohol in Rats and Rabbits”, Archives of Pathology, 28, (1939), 510–531.
• Hall CH., Hall O., “Polyvinyl Alcohol Nephrosis: Relationship of Degree of Polymerization to Pathophysiologic Effects”, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology Medicine, 112, (1963), 86-91.
• Riviere JE., Coppoc GL., Carlton WW., Hinsman EJ., “Polyvinyl Alcohol Toxicosis as a model of Glomerulonephritis in Beagle Dogs”, American Journal of Veterinary Research, 41, (1980), 502 – 505.
• Carver MP., Monteiro-Riviere NA., Brown TT., Riviere JE., “Dose-Response Studies of Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity in Rats with Experimental Renal Dysfunction. II. Polyvinyl Alcohol Glomerulopathy”, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 80, (1985), 264 – 273.
• Burgener FA., Gutierrez OH., Logsdon GA., “Angiographic, hemodynamic, and histologic evaluation of portal hypertension and periportal fibrosis induced in the dog by intraportal polyvinyl alcohol injections”, Radiology, 143, (1982), 379 – 385.
• Chvapil M., Chvapil TA., Owen JA., Kantor M., Ulreich JB., Eskelson C., “Reaction of vaginal tissue of rabbits to inserted sponges made of various materials”, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 13, (1979), 1–13.
• National Toxicology Program (NTP). 1992. 30-Day intravaginal study of PVOH in B 16C3F mice. Study No. 688066. Research Triangle Park, NC: NTP.
• Shiseido Research Center. 1978. Primary skin irritation: Polyvinyl Alcohol. Unpublished data submitted by the CTFA, July 17, 1995. (3 pages).
• Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA). 1974. Primary skin irritation: Polyvinyl Alcohol. Test # 06-183. Unpublished data submitted by the CTFA, June 20, 1995. (1 page).
• Shiseido Research Center. 1977. Contact allergenicity: Polyvinyl Alcohol. Unpublished data submitted by the CTFA, July 17, 1995. (3 pages).
• Knight PM., Link WJ., “Surface Modification of Intraocular Lenses to Reduce Corneal Endothelial Damage”, American Intra-Ocular Implant Society Journal, 5, (1979), 123 – 130.
• CTFA. 1980. Eye irritation: Polyvinyl Alcohol. Test # 47-093. Unpublished data submitted by the CTFA, June 20, 1995. (1 page).
• Colorcon. 2001. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA): Study of the Effects of PVA on Fertility, Early Embryonic Development to Weaning, and the Growth and Development when Directed in the Diet to Rats.