Araştırma Makalesi
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Correlates of Resilience in a Sample of Turkish Adults

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 1628 - 1640, 26.10.2022

Nursel Topkaya , Ertuğrul Şahin , Mevhibe Taş

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1076171
Cited By: 2

Öz

In this study, the predictive role of gender, age, employment status, perceived health level, perceived happiness level, self-confidence assessments, stressful life events and loneliness in resilience was investigated in Turkish adults. Participants consisted of 137 adult people (76 females, 61 males) aged between 18 and 39 (M = 24.89, SD = 5.06) who were selected through convenient sampling method. Participants completed the Personal Information Form prepared by the researchers, the Brief Psychological Resilience Scale developed by Smith et al. (2008) and adapted into Turkish by Doğan (2015), and the UCLA Loneliness Scale developed by Russell et al. (1978) and adapted into Turkish by Demir (1989). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analyses, standard multiple regression analysis, and relative importance analyses. Results of this study suggested that adults with high self-confidence and happiness levels as well as low levels of loneliness tend to have high psychological resilience levels. Results of relative importance analyses consistently indicated that loneliness was the most important predictor of psychological resilience in adults among the variables examined within the scope of this study. The results of this research can help to identify adults with low resilience at risk and to develop intervention programs to increase resilience levels in adults.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Resilience Happiness Loneliness Self-Confidence Adults

Kaynakça

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  • Alkım Arı, F. ve Çarkıt, E. (2020). Investigation of resilience in terms of gender: A meta-analysis study. Research on Education and Psychology, 4(Special Issue), 34-52.
  • Altuntaş, S. ve Genç, H. (2020). Mutluluğun yordayıcısı olarak psikolojik sağlamlık: Öğretmen örnekleminin incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(4), 936-948. https://doi.org/10.16986/HUJE.2018046021
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  • Aydın, M. ve Egemberdiyeva, A. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Türkiye Eğitim Dergisi, 3(1), 37-53.
  • Charney, D. S. (2004). Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability: implications for successful adaptation to extreme stress. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(2), 195-216. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.195
  • Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155-159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033- 2909.112.1.155
  • Cohn, M. A., Fredrickson, B. L., Brown, S. L., Mikels, J. A., & Conway, A. M. (2009). Happiness unpacked: Positive emotions increase life satisfaction by building resilience. Emotion, 9(3), 361–368. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015952
  • Connor, K. M. ve Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
  • Coronado, P. J., Oliva, A., Fasero, M., Piñel, C., Herraiz, M. A. ve Pérez-López, F. R. (2015). Resilience and related factors in urban, mid-aged Spanish women. Climacteric, 18(6), 867-872. https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2015.1045483
  • Çetin, C. ve Anuk, Ö. (2020). COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde yalnızlık ve psikolojik dayanıklılık: Bir kamu üniversitesi öğrencileri örneklemi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(5), 170-189.
  • Demir, A. G. (1989). UCLA yalnızlık ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(23), 14-18.
  • Demir, M. ve Weitekamp, L.A. (2007). I am so happy ’cause today ı found my friend: friendship and personality as predictors of happiness. Journal Happiness Studies, 8, 181–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9012-7
  • Deniz, S., Çimen, M. ve Yüksel, O. (2020). Psikolojik sağlamlığın iş stresine etkisi: hastane çalışanlarına yönelik bir araştırma. İşletme Bilimi Dergisi, 8(2), 351-370. https://doi.org/10.22139/jobs.741576
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  • Diener, E., Lucas, R.E. ve Scollon, C. N. (2006). Beyond the hedonic treadmill: Revisions to the adaptation theory of well-being. American Psychologist. 61, 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.4.305
  • Doğan, T. (2015). Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
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  • Elsel, D. (2019). Yetişkin bireylerin özgüvenleri ile psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi.
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Yetişkin Bir Örneklem Grubunda Psikolojik Sağlamlıkla İlişkili Faktörler

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 1628 - 1640, 26.10.2022

Nursel Topkaya , Ertuğrul Şahin , Mevhibe Taş

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1076171
Cited By: 2

Öz

Bu araştırmada yetişkin bireylerde cinsiyet, yaş, çalışma durumu, algılanan sağlık düzeyi, algılanan mutluluk düzeyi, öz güven değerlendirmeleri, stresli yaşam olayları ve yalnızlığın psikolojik sağlamlığı yordayıcı rolü incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu yaşları 18 ile 39 (Ort. = 24.89, Ss. = 5.06) arasında değişen ve uygun örnekleme yoluyla seçilen 137 yetişkin (76 kadın, 61 erkek) katılımcı oluşturmuştur. Katılımcılar araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan Kişisel Bilgi Formu ile Smith ve arkadaşları (2008) tarafından geliştirilen, Doğan (2015) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği ve Russel ve arkadaşları (1978) tarafından geliştirilen ve Demir (1989) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeğini cevaplamıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde Pearson momentler çarpımı korelasyon katsayısı analizi, standart çoklu regresyon analizi ve göreceli önem analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öz güveni ve mutluluk düzeyleri yüksek ve yalnızlık düzeyleri düşük olan yetişkin bireylerin psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Gerçekleştirilen göreceli önem analizi sonuçları ise tutarlı bir şekilde araştırma kapsamında incelenen değişkenler içerisinde psikolojik sağlamlığın en önemli yordayıcısının yalnızlık olduğunu göstermiştir. Araştırma sonuçları psikolojik sağlamlığı düşük risk altındaki yetişkin bireylerin belirlenmesine ve yetişkin bireylerde psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerinin artırılmasına yönelik müdahale programlarının geliştirilmesine yardımcı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

psikolojik sağlamlık mutluluk yalnızlık öz güven sosyodemografik nitelikler yetişkin bireyler

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2006). Measuring happiness with a single-item scale. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 34(2), 139-150. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.2.139
  • Alkım Arı, F. ve Çarkıt, E. (2020). Investigation of resilience in terms of gender: A meta-analysis study. Research on Education and Psychology, 4(Special Issue), 34-52.
  • Altuntaş, S. ve Genç, H. (2020). Mutluluğun yordayıcısı olarak psikolojik sağlamlık: Öğretmen örnekleminin incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(4), 936-948. https://doi.org/10.16986/HUJE.2018046021
  • Amerikan Psikologlar Derneği. (2015). The road to resilience. https://www.apa.org/topics/resilience.
  • Aydın, B. (2012). Gelişimin doğası. B. Yeşilyaprak (Ed.), Eğitim Psikolojisi içinde (9. bs., ss. 29-55). Pegem Akademi.
  • Aydın, M. ve Egemberdiyeva, A. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Türkiye Eğitim Dergisi, 3(1), 37-53.
  • Charney, D. S. (2004). Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability: implications for successful adaptation to extreme stress. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(2), 195-216. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.195
  • Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155-159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033- 2909.112.1.155
  • Cohn, M. A., Fredrickson, B. L., Brown, S. L., Mikels, J. A., & Conway, A. M. (2009). Happiness unpacked: Positive emotions increase life satisfaction by building resilience. Emotion, 9(3), 361–368. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015952
  • Connor, K. M. ve Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
  • Coronado, P. J., Oliva, A., Fasero, M., Piñel, C., Herraiz, M. A. ve Pérez-López, F. R. (2015). Resilience and related factors in urban, mid-aged Spanish women. Climacteric, 18(6), 867-872. https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2015.1045483
  • Çetin, C. ve Anuk, Ö. (2020). COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde yalnızlık ve psikolojik dayanıklılık: Bir kamu üniversitesi öğrencileri örneklemi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(5), 170-189.
  • Demir, A. G. (1989). UCLA yalnızlık ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(23), 14-18.
  • Demir, M. ve Weitekamp, L.A. (2007). I am so happy ’cause today ı found my friend: friendship and personality as predictors of happiness. Journal Happiness Studies, 8, 181–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9012-7
  • Deniz, S., Çimen, M. ve Yüksel, O. (2020). Psikolojik sağlamlığın iş stresine etkisi: hastane çalışanlarına yönelik bir araştırma. İşletme Bilimi Dergisi, 8(2), 351-370. https://doi.org/10.22139/jobs.741576
  • Diener, E. ve Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Very happy people. Psychological Science, 13(1), 81-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00415
  • Diener, E., Kesebir, P. ve Tov, W. (2009). Happiness. M. R. Leary ve R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior içinde (ss. 147-160). The Guilford Press.
  • Diener, E., Lucas, R.E. ve Scollon, C. N. (2006). Beyond the hedonic treadmill: Revisions to the adaptation theory of well-being. American Psychologist. 61, 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.4.305
  • Doğan, T. (2015). Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
  • Elliott, A. M., Burton, C. D. ve Hannaford, P. C. (2014). Resilience does matter: Evidence from a 10-year cohort record linkage study. BMJ Open, 4(1), e003917. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013- 003917
  • Elsel, D. (2019). Yetişkin bireylerin özgüvenleri ile psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi.
  • Evans, J. R. ve Mathur, A. (2005). The value of online surveys. Internet Research, 15(2), 195-219. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240510590360
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  • Gartland, D., Riggs, E., Muyeen, S., Giallo, R., Afifi, T. O., MacMillan, H., Herrman, H., Bulford, E. ve Brown, S. J. (2019). What factors are associated with resilient outcomes in children exposed to social adversity? A systematic review. BMJ open, 9(4), e024870. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024870
  • George, D. ve Mallery, P. (2020). IBM SPSS Statistics 26 step by step: A simple guide and reference (16. bs.). Routledge.
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  • Greeff, A. .P ve Ritman, I. N.(2005). Individual characteristics associated with resilience in single-parent families. Psychological Reports, 96(1), 36-42. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.1.36-42
  • Hawkley, L. C. ve Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness matters: A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Annals of behavioral medicine: A publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 218-227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-010-9210-8
  • Heinrich, L. M. ve Gullone, E. (2006). The clinical significance of loneliness: A literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(6), 695-718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.04.002
  • Hjemdal, O., Friborg, O., Stiles, T. C., Rosenvinge, J. H. ve Martinussen, M. (2006). Resilience predicting psychiatric symptoms: A prospective study of protective factors and their role in adjustment to stressful life events. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 13(3), 194–201. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.488
  • Howitt, D. ve Cramer, D. (2020). Research methods in psychology (6. bs.). Pearson.
  • Jakobsen, I.S., Madsen, L.M.R., Mau, M., Hjemdal, O. ve Friborg, O. (2020). The relationship between resilience and loneliness elucidated by a Danish version of the Resilience Scale for Adults. BMC Psychology, 8, 131. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00493-3
  • Krovetz, M. L. (2007). Fostering resiliency: Expecting all students to use their minds and hearts well. Corwin Press.
  • Kukulu, K., Korukcu, O., Ozdemir, Y., Bezci, A. ve Calik, C. (2013). Self-confidence, gender and academic achievement of undergraduate nursing students. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 20(4), 330- 335. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2012.01924.x
  • Lee, J. H., Nam, S. K., Kim, A., Kim, B., Lee, M. Y. ve Lee, S. M. (2013). Resilience: A meta-analytic approach. Journal of Counseling & Development, 91, 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2013.00095.x.
  • Lee, J., Hong, J., Zhou, Y. ve Robles, G. (2020). The relationships between loneliness, social support, and resilience among Latinx immigrants in the United States. Clinical Social Work Journal, 48(1), 99-109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-019-00728-w
  • Lyubomirsky, S., Tkach, C. ve DiMatteo, M. R. (2006). What are the differences between happiness and self- esteem? Social Indicators Research, 78, 363–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-0213-y
  • McKay, M. ve Fanning, P. (2017). Self-esteem: A proven program of cognitive techniques for assessing, improving, and maintaining your self-esteem (3. bs.). New Harbinger Publications.
  • McKibbin, C., Lee, A., Steinman, B. A., Carrico, C., Bourassa, K. ve Slosser, A. (2016). Health status and social networks as predictors of resilience in older adults residing in rural and remote environments. Journal of Aging Research, 2016, 4305894. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4305894
  • Myers, D. G. ve Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psychological Science, 6(1), 10-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 9280.1995.tb00298.x
  • Ozbay, F., Johnson, D. C., Dimoulas, E., Morgan III, C. A., Charney, D. ve Southwick, S. (2007). Social support and resilience to stress: From neurobiology to clinical practice. Psychiatry (Edgmont), 4(5), 35-40.
  • Özer, E. (2013). Üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerinin duygusal zekâ ve beş faktör kişilik özellikleri açısından incelenmesi [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi.
  • Pınar, S. E., Yıldırım, G. ve Sayın, N. (2018). Investigating the psychological resilience, self-confidence and problem-solving skills of midwife candidates. Nurse Education Today, 64, 144-149.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y. ve Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
  • Prince-Embury, S. (2013). Translating resilience theory for assessment and application with children, adolescents, and adults: Conceptual issues. S. Prince-Embury ve D. H. Saklofske (Ed.), Resilience in children, adolescents, and adults: Translating research into practice (ss. 9-16). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1- 4614-4939-3_2
  • Rodríguez-Rey, R., Alonso-Tapia, J. ve Hernansaiz-Garrido, H. (2016). Reliability and validity of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) Spanish version. Psychological Assessment, 28(5), e101-e110. http://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000191
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L. A. ve Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), 472-480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022- 3514.39.3.472
  • Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P. ve Bernard, J. (2008). The Brief Resilience Scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194-200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972
  • Smith, J. L. ve Hollinger-Smith, L. (2015). Savoring, resilience, and psychological well-being in older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 19(3), 192-200. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.986647
  • Soysal, M. H. (2016). Facebook bağımlılığı ve psikolojik dayanıklılık [Yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi.
  • Stratta, P., Capanna, C., Patriarca, S., de Cataldo, S., Bonanni, R. L., Riccardi, I. ve Rossi, A. (2013). Resilience in adolescence: Gender differences two years after the earthquake of L’Aquila. Personality and Individual Differences 54(3), 327–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.09.016.
  • Şahin, E., Topkaya, N. ve Barut, Y. (2016). Yetişkin kadınlarda beden imajı ile depresyon kaygı ve stres: mutluluğun aracı rolü. K. Ersanlı (Ed.), (C. 1, ss. 474-484). Vl. Uluslararası Canik Sempozyumu Hedefe Doğru İnsan PDR Sempozyumu, sunulmuş bildiri, Canik Belediyesi.
  • Şahin, E., Topkaya, N. ve Ersanlı, E. (2016). Kadın üniversite öğrencilerinde depresyon kaygı ve stresin yaygınlığı ve ilişkili risk faktörleri. K. Ersanlı (Ed.), (C. 2, ss. 138-149). Vl. Uluslararası Canik Sempozyumu Hedefe Doğru İnsan PDR Sempozyumu, sunulmuş bildiri, Canik Belediyesi.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2012). Using multivariate statistics (6. bs.). Pearson.
  • Topçu, F. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeylerinde beş faktör kişilik özelliklerinin yordayıcı etkisinin incelenmesi [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi.
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  • Tugade, M. M. ve Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2), 320-333. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.320
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  • Zhang, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, F., Zhang, L. ve Feng D. (2018). Prevalence of psychological distress and the effects of resilience and perceived social support among Chinese college students: does gender make a difference? Psychiatry Research, 267, 409–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.038
Toplam 70 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Nursel Topkaya 0000-0002-8469-9140

Ertuğrul Şahin 0000-0003-3341-8887

Mevhibe Taş 0000-0002-4775-4809

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Ekim 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Topkaya, N., Şahin, E., & Taş, M. (2022). Yetişkin Bir Örneklem Grubunda Psikolojik Sağlamlıkla İlişkili Faktörler. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(4), 1628-1640. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1076171
AMA Topkaya N, Şahin E, Taş M. Yetişkin Bir Örneklem Grubunda Psikolojik Sağlamlıkla İlişkili Faktörler. MJSS. Ekim 2022;11(4):1628-1640. doi:10.33206/mjss.1076171
Chicago Topkaya, Nursel, Ertuğrul Şahin, ve Mevhibe Taş. “Yetişkin Bir Örneklem Grubunda Psikolojik Sağlamlıkla İlişkili Faktörler”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11, sy. 4 (Ekim 2022): 1628-40. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1076171.
EndNote Topkaya N, Şahin E, Taş M (01 Ekim 2022) Yetişkin Bir Örneklem Grubunda Psikolojik Sağlamlıkla İlişkili Faktörler. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11 4 1628–1640.
IEEE N. Topkaya, E. Şahin, ve M. Taş, “Yetişkin Bir Örneklem Grubunda Psikolojik Sağlamlıkla İlişkili Faktörler”, MJSS, c. 11, sy. 4, ss. 1628–1640, 2022, doi: 10.33206/mjss.1076171.
ISNAD Topkaya, Nursel vd. “Yetişkin Bir Örneklem Grubunda Psikolojik Sağlamlıkla İlişkili Faktörler”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11/4 (Ekim2022), 1628-1640. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1076171.
JAMA Topkaya N, Şahin E, Taş M. Yetişkin Bir Örneklem Grubunda Psikolojik Sağlamlıkla İlişkili Faktörler. MJSS. 2022;11:1628–1640.
MLA Topkaya, Nursel vd. “Yetişkin Bir Örneklem Grubunda Psikolojik Sağlamlıkla İlişkili Faktörler”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 4, 2022, ss. 1628-40, doi:10.33206/mjss.1076171.
Vancouver Topkaya N, Şahin E, Taş M. Yetişkin Bir Örneklem Grubunda Psikolojik Sağlamlıkla İlişkili Faktörler. MJSS. 2022;11(4):1628-40.

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