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The Relationship Between Financial Development and Income Inequality: A Fourier Approach in the Case of Türkiye

Cilt: 14 Sayı: 4 3 Ekim 2025
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The Relationship Between Financial Development and Income Inequality: A Fourier Approach in the Case of Türkiye

Öz

While financial development is recognized as the driving force of economic growth, income inequality is a significant concern regarding social justice and sustainable development. The relationship between these two concepts can directly affect countries' economic policies and social balances. Therefore, the deepening and expansion of financial systems may create injustice in income distribution, but it also has the potential to reduce inequalities when appropriately managed. This study aims to determine the long-run impact of financial development on income inequality in Türkiye. For this purpose, the data set for the variables covers the period 1991-2022 and consists of annual observations. Income inequality (Gini coefficient) is used as the dependent variable, and the financial development index is used as the independent variable. In the study, the stationarity of the variables was tested with the Fourier unit root test (FKPSS) and KPSS unit root test. After the determination that the variables were not stationary at their level values, the Fourier cointegration test was used to test the existence of a long-run relationship between the variables. The study found that there is a cointegration relationship between financial development and income inequality in Türkiye. After establishing the co-integration relationship, our long-run DOLS estimation revealed a statistically significant negative relationship between financial development and income inequality at a 1% confidence level. The key conclusion drawn from this is that increases in financial development lead to reduced income inequality. This result underscores the potential impact of increasing financial development on reducing income inequality, and the importance of efforts and policies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etik Beyan

“Finansal Gelişme ve Gelir Eşitsizliği İlişkisi: Türkiye Özelinde Fourier Yaklaşımı” başlıklı çalışmanın yazım sürecinde bilimsel kurallara, etik ve alıntı kurallarına uyulmuş; toplanan veriler üzerinde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmamış ve bu çalışma herhangi başka bir akademik yayın ortamına değerlendirme için gönderilmemiştir.

Kaynakça

  1. Akalin, G., Erdoğan, S. & Pata, U. K. (2024). Türkiye’de finansal gelişme gelir eşitsizliğini nasıl etkilemektedir?. Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi, 10(1), 111-124. https://doi.org/10.20979 /ueyd.1402590
  2. Akbıyık, C. (2012). Cross-country evidence on financial development-income inequality link (Yayınlanmamıs Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  3. Batuo, M., Guidi, F. & Mlambo, K. (2010). Financial development and income inequality: Evidence from African countries. MPRA, 1-27.
  4. Becker, R., Enders, W. & Lee, J. (2006). A stationarity test in the presence of an unknown number of smooth breaks. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 3(5), 381-409.
  5. Beck, T., Demirgüç Kunt, A., & Levine, R. (2007). Finance, inequality and the poor. Journal of economic growth, 12, 27-49.
  6. Bittencourt, M. F. (2006). Financial development and inequality: Brazil 1985-1999 (Discussion Paper). University of Bristol, Department of Economics, England.
  7. Bittencourt, M. (2010). Financial development and inequality: Brazil 1985–1994. Economic Change and Restructuring, 43, 113-130.
  8. Clarke, G. R., Xu, L. C. & Zou, H. F. (2006). Finance and income inequality: What do the data tell us?. Southern Economic Journal, 72(3), 578-596.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Finansal Ekonomi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

3 Ekim 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

8 Temmuz 2024

Kabul Tarihi

17 Aralık 2024

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA
Karaaslan, İ. (2025). The Relationship Between Financial Development and Income Inequality: A Fourier Approach in the Case of Türkiye. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 14(4), 1500-1511. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1512863
AMA
1.Karaaslan İ. The Relationship Between Financial Development and Income Inequality: A Fourier Approach in the Case of Türkiye. MJSS. 2025;14(4):1500-1511. doi:10.33206/mjss.1512863
Chicago
Karaaslan, İbrahim. 2025. “The Relationship Between Financial Development and Income Inequality: A Fourier Approach in the Case of Türkiye”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 14 (4): 1500-1511. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1512863.
EndNote
Karaaslan İ (01 Ekim 2025) The Relationship Between Financial Development and Income Inequality: A Fourier Approach in the Case of Türkiye. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 14 4 1500–1511.
IEEE
[1]İ. Karaaslan, “The Relationship Between Financial Development and Income Inequality: A Fourier Approach in the Case of Türkiye”, MJSS, c. 14, sy 4, ss. 1500–1511, Eki. 2025, doi: 10.33206/mjss.1512863.
ISNAD
Karaaslan, İbrahim. “The Relationship Between Financial Development and Income Inequality: A Fourier Approach in the Case of Türkiye”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 14/4 (01 Ekim 2025): 1500-1511. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1512863.
JAMA
1.Karaaslan İ. The Relationship Between Financial Development and Income Inequality: A Fourier Approach in the Case of Türkiye. MJSS. 2025;14:1500–1511.
MLA
Karaaslan, İbrahim. “The Relationship Between Financial Development and Income Inequality: A Fourier Approach in the Case of Türkiye”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 14, sy 4, Ekim 2025, ss. 1500-11, doi:10.33206/mjss.1512863.
Vancouver
1.İbrahim Karaaslan. The Relationship Between Financial Development and Income Inequality: A Fourier Approach in the Case of Türkiye. MJSS. 01 Ekim 2025;14(4):1500-11. doi:10.33206/mjss.1512863

MANAS Journal of Social Studies (MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi)     

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