Thoughts of Children in Different Age Groups About The Disease

Öz

This study aimed to comparatively examine the thoughts of children in the pre-operational, concrete and abstract thinking stages about illnesses according to Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory. 3 different study groups were included in the study. Based on past research, children aged 4 years old representing the pre-operational stage, 7 years old representing the concrete operational stage and 11 years old representing the abstract operational stage as stated in Piaget's cognitive development theory were included in the study. The study group consisted of a total of 288 children, 48 girls and 48 boys in each of the three groups. Phenomenology, one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the study. The data were analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. According to the findings obtained from the study, children in the pre-operational stage mostly defined the illness according to they got sick due to the transmission of microbes, the illness can be treated with medical procedures; those in the concrete thinking stage defined the illness as the transmission of viruses, they can be treated by going to a hospital and the illness can be prevented with a healthy diet; It was determined that those at the concrete thinking stage defined the disease with physical symptoms, that it can be treated with regular medication use. When evaluated in general, it was determined that children's ideas about the concept of disease, the causality of the disease, how it can be treated and prevented are consistent with Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory, that is, they are acquired gradually from concrete components to abstract components and develop over time.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cognitive Development
• Illness
• Children

Etik Beyan

During the writing process of the study “Thoughts of Children in Different Age Groups About The Disease” scientific rules, ethical and citation rules were followed. No falsification was made on the collected data and this study was not sent to any other academic publication medium for evaluation. In addition, permission was obtained from the Ondokuz Mayıs University Social and Humanities Sciences Ethics Committee (Date: 26/08/2020 and Decision no: 2020/537) to conduct the research

Farklı Yaş Grubundaki Çocukların Hastalığa İlişkin Düşünceleri

Öz

Bu çalışmada Piaget’nin Bilişsel Gelişim Kuramı’na göre işlem öncesi, somut ve soyut düşünme aşamalarında olan çocukların hastalıkla ilgili düşüncelerini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada 3 farklı çalışma grubuna yer verilmiştir. Geçmiş araştırmalara dayalı olarak, Piaget’nin bilişsel gelişim kuramında belirtildiği üzere işlem öncesi aşamasını temsilen 4 yaş, somut işlemler aşamasını temsilen 7 yaş ve soyut işlemler aşamasını temsilen 11 yaş tipik gelişim gösteren çocuklar çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Üç grubun her birinde 48 kız ve 48 erkek çocuk olmak üzere toplam 288 çocuk çalışma grubunu oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden biri olan fenomenoloji kullanılmıştır. Veriler betimsel analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre işlem öncesi aşamada olan çocukların daha çok mikropların bulaşmasından hasta olunduğu, hastalığın tıbbi işlemlerle tedavi edilebileceğini; somut düşünme aşamasında olanların hastalığın tanımını virüslerin bulaşması şeklinde yaptıkları, hastaneye giderek tedavi olunabileceği ve sağlıklı beslenme ile hastalığın önlenebileceğini; somut düşünme aşamasında olanların ise hastalığın tanımını fiziksel belirtilerle yaptıkları, düzenli ilaç kullanımı ile tedavi olunabileceğini ifade ettikleri belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde ise çocukların hastalık kavramı, hastalığın nedenselliği, nasıl tedavi edilebileceği ve önlenmesi ile ilgili düşüncelerinin Piaget’nin Bilişsel Gelişim Kuramı ile tutarlı olduğu, yani somut bileşenlerden soyut bileşenlere doğru kademeli olarak edinildiği ve zaman içinde geliştiği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilişsel Gelişim
• Hastalık
• Çocuklar

Etik Beyan

“Farklı Yaş Grubundaki Çocukların Hastalığa İlişkin Düşünceleri” başlıklı çalışmanın yazım sürecinde bilimsel kurallara, etik ve alıntı kurallarına uyulmuş; toplanan veriler üzerinde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmamış ve bu çalışma herhangi başka bir akademik yayın ortamına değerlendirme için gönderilmemiştir. Gerekli olan etik kurul izinleri, Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Etik Kurulu’nun 18.01.2023 tarih ve 19 nolu kararı ile alınmıştır.

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