EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERPERSONAL SENSITIVITY AND INTERNET ADDICTION IN TERMS OF DIFFERENT VARIABLES

Öz

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and internet addiction. A further aim of the study is to examine the relationship of these two concepts show whether or not significant difference in terms of the variables of gender, perceived income status and parental attitudes. The research population was composed of 350 students studying at high school degree at İstanbul Umraniye High School, in 2014-2015 educational year. In consequence of this research, there’s a significant positive relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and internet addiction. The students’ level of internet addiction shows significant differences concerning with gender and no significant differences concerning with perceived income status and parental attitudes; the students’ level of interpersonal sensitivity shows no significant differences concerning with gender, perceived income status and parental attitudes

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Interpersonal sensitivity, internet addiction, gender, perceived income status, parental attitudes

Kişilerarası Duyarlılık ile Internet Bağımlılığı Arasındakı İlişkinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı kişilerarası duyarlılık ile internet bağımlılığı arasındaki ilişkiyi ve bu iki kavram arasındaki ilişkinin cinsiyet, algılanan gelir düzeyi, ebeveyn tutumları değişkenleri açısından anlamlı bir farklılık gösterip göstermediklerini incelemektir. Araştırma 2014-2015 öğretim yılında İstanbul ili Ümraniye Anadolu Lisesi’nde öğrenim gören 350 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, kişilerarası duyarlılık ile internet bağımlılığı düzeyleri arasında anlamlı düzeyde ve pozitif bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Lise öğrencilerinin internet bağımlılığı düzeylerinin cinsiyet açısından anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği, algılanan gelir düzeyi ve ebeveyn tutumları açısından ise anlamlı farklılıklar göstermediği bulunmuş; kişilerarası duyarlılık düzeylerinin ise cinsiyet ve algılanan gelir, ebeveyn tutumları açısından anlamlı farklılıklar göstermediği tespit edilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kişilerarası duyarlılık, internet bağımlılığı, cinsiyet, algılanan gelir düzeyi, ebeveyn tutumları

Kaynakça

1. Aa van der N., Overbeek G., Engels R., Scholte, R., Meerkerk, G. & Eijnden, R. (2009). Daily and Compulsive Internet Use and Well-Being in Adolescence: A Diathesis-Stress Model Based on Big Five Personality Traits, Journal of Youth Adolescence, 38, 765-776.
2. Ak, S., Koruklu, N., & Yilmaz, Y. (2013). A study on Turkish adolescent’s Internet use: possible predictors of Internet addiction. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 16(3), 205-209.
3. Anderson, E. L., Steen, E., & Stavropoulos, V. (2016). Internet use and problematic Internet use: A systematic review of longitudinal research trends in adolescence and emergent adulthood. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 1, 1–25. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2016.1227716 Crossref
4. Ang, R. P.-H., Chong, W. H., Chye, S. & Huan, V. S. (2012). Loneliness and generalized problematic Internet use: Parents' perceived knowledge of adolescents' online activities as a moderator. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1342-1347.
5. Atlas, J. (2004). Interpersonal sensitivity, eating disorder symptoms, and eating/thinness expectancies. Current Psychology, 22, 268– 378.
6. Bakken, I. J., Wenzel, H. G., Götestam, K. G., Johansson, A. & Øren, A. (2009). Internet addiction among Norwegian adults: A stratified probability sample study. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 50, 121– 127. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2008.00685.x
7. Blais, J. J., Craig, W. M., Pepler, D. & Connolly, J. (2008). Adolescents online: The Importance of internet activity choices to salient relationships. J Youth Adolescence, 37, 522-536.
8. Block, J.J. (2008). Issues for DSM-V: Internet Addiction. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165 (3), 306-307.

9. Brady, K. (April 21, 1996). Dropouts Rise a Net Result of Computers. The Buffalo Evening News, pg. 1.
10. Brenner, V. (1997). Psychology of computer use: XLVII. Parameters of Internet use, abuse and addiction: The first 90 days of the Internet usage survey. Psychol. Rep. 80: 879–882.
11. Butler, J. C., Doherty, M. S., & Potter, R. M. (2007). Social antecedents and consequences of interpersonal rejection sensitivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1376–1385.
12. Cao, H., Hao, J., Sun, Y., Tao, F., & Wan, Y. (2011). Problematic Internet use in Chinese adolescents and its relation to psychosomatic symptoms and life satisfaction. BMC Public Health. 11:802. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-802.
13. Chatterjee, I. & Sinha B. (2012) Relationship between compulsive use of internet and some personality characteristics of college students. Quest international multidisciplinary research Journal, 1(2):146-50.
14. Choi, K., Son, H., Park, M., Han, J., Kim, K., Lee, B., & Gwak, H. 2009. Internet overuse and excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 63(4): 455-62.
15. Chou, C., & Hsiao, M. C. (2000). Internet addiction, usage, gratifications, and pleasure experience—The Taiwan college students’ case. Comput. Educ. 35(1): 65–80.
16. Ciarrochi, J., Parker, P., Sahdra, B., Marshall, S., Jackson, C., Gloster, A. T., ve diğ. (2015). The development of compulsive Internet use and mental health: A four-year study of adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 52, 272–283.
17. Davis, R. A. (2001). A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 17, 187–195.
18. Dong, G., Lu, Q., Zhou, H., & Zhao, X. (2011). Precursor or sequela: Pathological disorders in people with Internet addiction disorder. PLoS One, 6(2), e14703. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014703 Crossref, Medline
19. Flisher C (2010). Getting plugged. In: An overview of Internet addiction. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 46, 557-559.
20. Fu K., W. S. C. Chan, P. W. C. Wong, & P. S. F. Yip, (2010). Internet addiction: prevalence, discriminant validity and correlates among adolescents in Hong Kong, British Journal of Psychiatry, 196, 6, 486– 492. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.109.075002
21. Gámez-Guadix, M., Calvete, E., Orue, I., & Las Hayas, C. (2015). Problematic Internet use and problematic alcohol use from the cognitive-behavioral model: A longitudinal study among adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 40, 109–114.
22. Gentile, D. A., Choo, H., Liau, A., Sim, T., Li, D., Fung, D., & Khoo, A. (2011). Pathological video game use among doi:https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1353 Crossref, Medline two-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics, 127(2), e319–e329.
23. Griffiths, M. D. (2010). Computer game playing and social skills: A pilot study. Aloma: Revista de Psicologia, Ciències de l’Educació i de l’Esport, 27, 301–310.
24. Ha, J. H., Kim, S. Y., Bae, S. C., Bae, S., Kim, H., M. S., Sim, K., Lyoo & S. C., Cho. (2007). Depression and Internet Addiction in Adolescents. Psychopathology, 40(6), 424-430.
25. Hall, A. & Parsons, J. (2001). Internet addiction: College student case study using best practices in cognitive behavior therapy. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 23(4), 312-327. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com.libproxy.albany.edu/pqdweb?did=89293319&sid=1&Fmt =3&clientId=9718&RQT=309&VName=PQD
26. http://www.internetworldstats.com/emarketing.htm (2000-2017 arası dünya çapındaki internet kullanıcıları istatistikleri, 27.08.2017 tarihinde erişildi)
27. Ju-Yu Yen, Cheng-Fang Yen, Cheng-Chung Chen, Sue-Huei Chen, & Chih-Hung Ko. (2007). Family factors of internet addiction and substance use experience in Taiwanese adolescents. Cyberpsychology & behavior. 10(3): 323-329. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9948
28. Kandell, J. J. (1998). Internet addiction on campus: The vulnerability of college students. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 1(1), 11-17.
29. Kayiş, A. R., Satici, S. A., Yilmaz,M. F., Şimşek, D., Ceyhan, E., & Bakioğlu, F. (2016). Big fivepersonality trait and Internet addiction: Ameta-analytic review. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 35–40.
30. Kim, K., Ryu, E., Chon, M. Y., Yeun, E. J., Choi, S. Y., Seo, J. S., & Nam, B. W. (2006). Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43(2), 185–192.
31. Kim, Y. R., Son, J. W., Lee, S. I., Shin, C. J., Kim, S. K., Ju, G., Choi, W. H., Oh, J. H., Lee, S., Jo, S., & Ha, T. H. (2012). Abnormal brain activation of adolescent Internet addict in a ball-throwing animation task: Possible neural correlates of disembodiment revealed by fMRI. Progress in Neuro- Psychopharmacology doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.05.013 Crossref, Medline & Biological Psychiatry, 39(1), 88–95.
32. Ko, C.H., Yen, J.Y., Chen, C.S., Yen, Y.C., & Yen, C.F. (2009). Predictive values of psychiatric symptoms for internet addiction in adolescents: A 2-year prospective study. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 163, 937–943
33. Ko CH, Yen JY, Yen CF, Chen CS, & Wang SY. (2008) The association between Internet addiction and belief of frustration intolerance: The gender difference. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11(3): 273-8.
34. Kraut, R., Kiesler, S., Boneva, B., Cummings, J., Helgeson, V., & Crawford, A. (2002). Internet paradox revisited. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 49–74.
35. Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox. A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53(9), 1017–1031. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.9.1017 Crossref, Medline
36. Kuss, D. J., Van Rooıj, A. J., Shorter, G. W., Grıffıths, M. D. & Van de Mheen, D., 2013. Internet addiction in adolescents: prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29 (5), pp. 1987-1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.002
37. Lam, LT, Peng, Z-w, Mai, J-c, & Jing, J. (2009). Factors Associated with Internet Addiction among Adolescents. Cyberpsychology & Behavior 12: 551–555. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2009.0036
38. Law, D. M., Shapka, J. D., & Olson, B. F. (2010). To control or not to control? Parenting behaviors and adolescent online aggression. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 1651–1656.
39. Lee, M. S., Oh, E. Y., Cho, S. M., Hong, M. J., & Moon, J. S. (2001). An assessment of adolescent Internet addiction problems related to depression, social anxiety and peer relationship. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 40(4), 616–628.
40. Leung L., Lee P. S. N. (2012). The influences of information literacy, internet addiction and parenting styles on internet risks. New Media & Society.14(1):115–134. doi: 10.1177/1461444811410406.
41. Liu, Q.-X., Fang, X.-Y., Deng, L.-Y. & Zhang, J.-T. (2012). Parent-adolescent communication, parental Internet use and Internet-specific norms and pathological Internet use among Chinese adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1269-1275.
42. Liu, T. C., Desai, R. A., Krishnan-Sarin, S., Cavallo, D. A., & Potenza, M. N. (2011). Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72(6), 836-845.
43. McCabe, R. E., Blankstein, K. R., & Mills, J. S. (1999). Interpersonal sensitivity and social problem-solving: Relations with academic and social selfesteem, depressive symptoms, and academic performance. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 23(6). 587-604.
44. Mesch, G. S. (2001). Social relationships and internet use among adolescents in Israel. Social Science Quarterly, 82(2), 329-338.
45. Milani, L., D., Osualdella & P., Di Blasio. (2009). Quality of Interpersonal Relationship and Problematic Internet Use in Adolescence. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 12(6), 681-684.
46. Morahan-Martin, J. M., & Schumacker, P. (2000). Incidence and correlates of pathological Internet use. Comput. Human Behav. 16: 13–29.
47. Murphy, B. (1996). Computer Addictions Entangle Students. The APA Monitor National Institute of Health.
48. Mythily, S., Qiu, S., & Winslow, M. (2008). Prevalence and correlates of excessive Internet use among youth in Singapore. Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore, 37(1), 9.
49. Odacı, H., & Berber-Çelik, Ç. (2013). Who are problematic Internet users? An investigation of the correlations between problematic Internet use and shyness, loneliness, narcissism, aggression and self-perception. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2382–2387.
50. Odacı, H., & Çikrıkci, Ö. (2014). Problematic Internet use in terms of gender, attachment styles and subjective well-being in university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 32, 61–66.
51. Odacı, H., & Kalkan, M. (2010). Problematic Internet use, loneliness and dating anxiety among young adult university students. Computers & Education, 55(3), 1091–1097.
52. Oshino, S., Suzuki, A., Ishii, G. & Otani, K. (2007). Influences of parental rearing on the personality traits of healthy Japanese. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48, 465–469.
53. Otani K, Suzuki A, Matsumoto Y, & Kamata M. (2009). Parental overprotection increases interpersonal sensitivity 10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.05.009. subjects. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 50: 54–57. doi:
54. Park, S. K., Kim, J. Y., & Cho, C. B. (2008). Prevalence of internet addiction and correlations with family factors among South Korean adolescents. Adolescence, 172(43), 895–909.
55. Poodineh, Z., Barati, F., Moghadam, M.P., Ghanbarzehi, N. ve Balouchi, A. (2016). Comparison Internet Addiction among Students of Zahedan and Kerman Universities of Medical Sciences. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 8(19):210-214).
56. Reitz, E., Dekovic, M., & Meijer, A. M. (2006). Relations between parenting and externalizing and internalizing problem behavior in early adolescence child behavior as moderator and predictor. Journal of Adolescence, 34, 619–662.
57. Salmela-Aro, K., Upadyaya, K., Hakkarainen, K., Lonka, K., & Alho, K. (2017). The dark side of Internet use: Two longitudinal studies of excessive Internet use, depressive symptoms, school burnout and engagement among Finnish early and late adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 343–357.
58. Sanders, C.E., Field, T.M., Diego, M. & Kaplan, M. (2000). The Relationship of internet use to depression and social isolation among adolescents. Adolescence, 35(138), 237-241.
59. Scherer, K. (1997). College life online: Healthy and unhealthy Internet use. J. College Stud. Dev. 38(6): 655– 665.
60. Seepersad, S. (2004). Coping with loneliness: Adolescent online and offline behavior. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(1), 35-39.
61. Selfhout, M. H. W., Branje, S. J. T., Delsing, M., ter Bogt, T. F. M., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2009). Different types of Internet use, depression, and social anxiety: The role of perceived friendship quality. Journal of Adolescence, 32(4), 819–833. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.10.011 Crossref, Medline
62. Snodgarss, S. E., (1992). Further effects of role versus gender on interpersonal sensitivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 154-158.
63. Snodgarss, S. E., Hecht, M. A. & Snyder, R. P. (1998), Interpersonal Sensitivity Expressivity or Perceptivity? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 238-249.
64. Spada, M. M. (2014). An overview of problematic Internet use. Addictive Behaviors, 39, 3–6.
65. Stavropoulos, V., Alexandraki, K., & Motti-Stefanidi, F. (2013). Flow and telepresence contributing to Internet abuse: Differences according to gender and age. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5), 1941–1948. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.03.011 Crossref
66. Sum, S., Mathews, M., Hughes, I. & Campbell, A. (2008). Internet Use and Loneliness in Older Adults. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 11(2), 208-211.
67. Wang L, Luo J, Bai Y, Kong J, Luo J, Gao W, & Sun X. (2013). Internet addiction of adolescents in China: Prevalence, predictors, and association with well-being. Addiction Research & Theory, 21:62–69.
68. Whang Sang-Min L, Lee S, & Chang G. (2003). Internet over-users' psychological profiles: a behavior sampling analysis https://doi.org/10.1089/109493103321640338 addiction. Cyberpsychol Behavior, 6(2):145-150.
69. Xu J, Shen L-x, Yan C-h, Hu H, Yang F, Wang L, Kotha SR, Zhang L-n, Liao X-p, Zhang J, Ouyang F-x, Zhang J-s, & Shen X-m. (2012) Personal characteristics related to the risk of adolescent internet addiction: A survey in Shanghai, China. BMC Public Health Dec 22; 12: 1106.
70. Yen CF, Ko CH, Yen JY, Chang YP, & Cheng CP. (2009) Multi-dimensional discriminative factors for Internet addiction among adolescents regarding gender and age. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences; 63(3): 357-64.
71. Yen JY, Ko CH, Yen CF, Wu HY, & Yang MJ. (2007). The comorbid psychiatric symptoms of Internet addiction: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, social phobia, and hostility. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(1): 93-8.
72. Young, K. S. (1996). Internet Addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Paper presented at the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
73. Young, K. S. (1997). What makes the Internet addictive: Potential explanations for pathological Internet use. Paper presented at the 105th annual conference of the American Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
74. Young, K.S. (1998). Caught in the Net: How to Recognize the Signs of Internet Addiction— and a Winning Strategy for Recovery. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
75. Young, K. S. (1999). Internet addiction: Symptoms, evaluation, and treatment. In T. Jackson (Ed.), Innovations in clinical practice: A source book (Vol. 17, pp. 1931). Sarasota, FL.: Professional Resource Press.
76. Yuan, K., Qin, W., Wang, G., Zeng, F., Zhao, L., Yang, X., Liu, P., Liu, J., Sun, J., von Deneen, K. M., Gong, Q., Liu, Y., & Tian, J. (2011). Microstructure abnormalities in adolescents with Internet addiction disorder. PLoS One, 6(6), e20708. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020708 Crossref, Medline