THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENT

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 5, 37 - 57, 01.12.2016

Mutlu Uygun Ebru Güner

Öz

The main goal of this study is investigate the relationship between young entrepreneur candidates’ in different faculties, departments and programs of a university entrepreneurship education, take account of the previous situation, and entrepreneurial intents. In the study conducted with quantitative approach, one-group pretest-posttest pre-experiment research design was used. The data was collected based on complete count method before and after entrepreneurship education by means of a questionnaire from students who take the compulsory entrepreneurship course in Aksaray University. The 1340 utilizable participant data were analyzed by factor analysis, pearson correlation analysis and paired sample t-test techniques. Analysis results pointed out statistically significant relationships between taking entrepreneurship education and overall entrepreneurial intents and variables constituting the sub-dimensions of intention that attitude towards entrepreneurship, perceived social norms towards entrepreneurship, perceived behavioral control and self-efficacy. In research also has been found to have positive results in terms of entrepreneurial knowledge and skills of entrepreneurship education. The results are thought to be worth considering in terms to reveal the importance of entrepreneurship education frequently discussed in the literature in recent years

Anahtar Kelimeler

Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Intent, Entrepreneurship

Girişimcilik Eğiliminin Gelişiminde Girişimcilik Eğitimin Rolü

Öz

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, bir üniversitenin farklı fakülte, bölüm ve programlarında okuyan genç girişimci adayların eğitim öncesi durumları da dikkate alınarak, aldıkları girişimcilik eğitimi ile girişimcilik eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Nicel yaklaşımla yürütülen araştırmada, “öndeneysel” araştırma deseninin “tek gruplu ön-test son-test” türünden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada, Aksaray Üniversitesinde girişimcilik dersini zorunlu ders olarak alan öğrencilerden tam sayım yöntemi esas alınarak hem girişimcilik eğitimi öncesi hem de sonrası bir anket yoluyla veri toplanmıştır. Toplanan 1340 kullanılabilir katılımcı verisi, faktör analizi, pearson korelasyon analizi ve ilişkili örneklem t-testi teknikleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, alınan girişimcilik eğitimi ile genel girişimcilik eğilimi ve eğilimin alt boyutlarını oluşturan girişimciliğe yönelik tutum, girişimciliğe yönelik algılanan sosyal norm, davranışsal kontrol ve öz-yeterlik değişkenleri arasında istatistiksel olarak belli düzeyde anlamlı ilişkiler olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Araştırmada ayrıca girişimcilik eğitiminin girişimcilik bilgi ve becerileri açısından da olumlu sonuçlar doğurduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçların son dönemlerde alanyazında sıkça tartışılan girişimcilik eğitiminin önemini ortaya koyabilme açısından dikkate değer olduğu düşünülmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Girişimcilik Eğitimi, Girişimcilik Eğilimi, Girişimcilik

Kaynakça

• Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 50 (2), pp.179-211.
• Ajzen, I. (1996). The Directive Influence of Attitudes on Behavior. In P. Gollwitzer & J.A. Bargh (Eds.), The Psychology of Action (pp.385-403). New York: The Guilford Press.
• Akmaliah, Z., Pihie, L. & Bagheri, A. (2012). An exploratory study of entrepreneurial attributes among Malaysian University Students. Life Science Journal. 9 (3), pp.2358-2365.
• Aligba, A. O. (2013). Exploring the Motivations and Entrepreneurial Characteristics of Youths in the Niger Delta. Paris: Walden University, PHD.
• Balaban, Ö. & Özdemir, Y. (2008). Girişimcilik eğitiminin girişimcilik eğilimi üzerindeki etkisi: Sakarya Üniversitesi örneği. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi. 3 (2), pp.134-148.
• Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Actions: A Social Cognitive Theory. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
• Berglund, H. & Wennberg, K. (2006). Creativity among entrepreneurship students: Comparing engineering and business education. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-long Learning. 16 (5), pp.366-379.
• Bernstein, A. (2011). Nature vs Nurture: Who is Interested in Entrepreneurship Education? A Study of Bussiness and Technology Undergraduates Based on Social Cognitive Career Theory. The George Washington University, PHD.
• Bosch, D. A. (2013). A Comparison of Commercial and Social Entrepreneurial Intent: The Impact of Personal Values. School of Business & Leadership. Regent University, PHD.
• Brijlal, P. (2011). Entrepreneurial perceptions and knowledge: A survey of final year university students. African Journal of Business Management. 5 (3), pp.818-825.
• Carsrud, A. & Brannback, M. (2011). Entrepreneurial motivations: What do we still need to know?. Journal of Small Business Management. 49 (1), pp.9-26.
• Cheng, M. Y., Chan, W. S. & Mahmood, A. (2009). The effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in Malaysi. Education and Training. 51 (7), pp.555-566.
• Cruz, N. M., Escuredo, A. I. R., Barahona, J. H., & Leitao, F. S. (2009). The effect of entrepreneurship education programmes on satisfaction with innovation behaviour and performance. Journal of European Industrial Training. 33, pp.198-214.
• DeTienne, D. R. & Chandler, G. N. (2004). Opportunity identification and its role in the entrepreneurial classroom: A pedagogical approach and empirical test. Academy of Management Learning and Education. 3 (3), pp.242-257.
• Diaz-Garcia, M. C. & Jimenez-Moreno, J. (2010). Entrepreneurial intention: The role of gender. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. 6 (3), pp.261-283.
• Durrant, D. E. (2014). Entrepreneurial Intentions: Making The Case For Entrepreneurship Education. Capella University, PHD.
• Dutta, D. K., Li, J. & Merenda, M. (2011). Fostering entrepreneurship: Impact of specialization and diversity in education. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. 7, pp.163-179.
• Ertuna, Z. I. & Gürel, E. (2011). The moderating role of higher education on entrepreneurship. Education + Training. 53 (5), pp.387-402.
• Fatoki, O. O. (2010). Graduate entrepreneurial intention in South Africa: Motivations and obstacles. International Journal of Business and Management. 5 (9), pp.87-98.
• Fayolle A. & Gailly, B. (2008). From craft to science: Teaching models and learning processes in entrepreneurship education. Journal of European Industrial Training. 32 (7), pp.569-593.
• Fayolle, A. & Gailly, B. (2013). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence. Journal of Small Business Management. 53 (1), pp.75- 93.
• Fayolle, A., Gailly, B., & Lassas-Clerc, N. (2006). Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education programmes: A new methodology. Journal of Industrial Training. 30 (9), pp.701-720.
• Gorman, G., Hanlon, D. & King, W. (1997). Some research perspectives on entrepreneurial education, enterprise education and education for small business management: A ten year review. International Small Business Journal. 15 (3), pp.56-77.
• Graevenitz, G. V., Hardoff, D. & Weber, R. (2010). The effects of entepreneurship Education. Journal of Economic Behavior Organization. 76, pp.90-112.
• Green, S. B. & Salkind, N. J. (2005). Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and Understanding Data. Upper Saddle River. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
• Guzman, J. & Linan, F. (2005). Perspectives on Entrepreurial Education: a US-Europe Comparison. Hoyo de Manzanares (Madrid): Jean Monnet European Studies Centre, Universidad Antonio Nebrija.
• Hansemark, O. C.(1998). The effects of on entrepreneurship programme on need for achievement and locus of control of reinforcement. International Journal of Entrepreneuial Behaviour & Research. 4 (1), pp.28-50.
• Hong, Z., Hong, T., Cui, Z. & Luzhuang, W. (2012). Entrepreneurship quality of college students related to entrepreneurial education, empirical study on psychological and behavioral characteristics. Energy Procedia. 17, pp.1907-1913.
• Jaafar, M. & Aziz, A.R.A. (2008). Entrepreneurship education in developing country: Exploration on its necessity in the construction program. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology. 6 (2), pp.178-189.
• Kalyani, B. P.R. & Kumar Dileep M. (2011). Motivational factors, entrepreneurship and education: Study with reference to women in SMEs. For East Journal of Psychology and Business. 3 (3), pp.14-35.
• Katz, J. A. (2007). Education and Training in Entrepreneurship. In J. R. Baum, M. Frese, & R. A. Baron (Eds.), ThePpsychology of Entrepreneurship (pp.209-235). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
• Kerrick, S. A. (2008). An Examination of Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students. Louisville, Kentucky: University of Louisville.
• Kim-Soon, N., Ahmad A. R. & Ibrahim N. N. (2015). Entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurship career intention: Case at a Malaysian Public University. Crafting Global Competitive Economies: 2020 Vision Stategic Planning & Smart Implementation, pp.1001-1011.
• Kolvereid, L. & Moen, Q. (1997). Enrepreneurship among business graduates : Does a major in enrepreneurship make a difference?. Journal of European Industrial Training. 21 (4), pp.154-160.
• Korkmaz, O. (2012). Üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimcilik eğilimlerini belirlemeye yönelik bir araştırma: Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi örneği. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi. XIV (II), pp.209-226.
• Krueger, N. F. Jr., Reilly, M. D. & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing. 15 (5/6), pp.411- 432.
• Krueger, N. F. & Brazeal, D. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 18 (4), pp.91-104.
• Kuratko, D. (2003). Entrepreneurship Education: Emerging Trends and Challenges for the 21st Century: From Legitimization to Leadership. Coleman Foundation White Paper Series.
• Linan, F. (2007). The Role of Entrepreneurship Education in the Entrepreneurial Process. In A. Fayolle (Ed.), Handbook of Research in Entrepreneurship Education (Vol.1, pp.230-247). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Linan, F. & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice. 33, pp.593-617.
• Linan, F., Moriano, J. A. & Zarnowska, A. (2008). Stimulating Entrepreneurial Intentions Through Education. In. J. A. M., Leon, M., Gorgievski ve M., Lukes (Eds.), Teaching Psychology of Entrepreneurship (pp.45-68). Madrid: Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distanci.
• Malebana, M. J. (2014). Entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial motivation of South African Rural University students. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies. 6 (9), pp.709-726.
• Malindi, M. M. (2014). Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intent at Further Education and Training (FET) Collleges in South Africa. Gordon Institute of Business Science. University of Pretoria, MBA.
• Martin, B. C., McNally, J. J. & Kay, M. J. (2013). Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of enrepreneurship education outcomes. Journal of Business Venturing. 28, pp.211-224.
• Matlay, H. (2008). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial outcomes. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. 15 (2), pp.382-396.
• Meeks, Michael D. (2004). Antecedents to the Entrepreneurial Decision: An Ampirical of Three Predictive Models. Colorado: University of Colorado, PHD.
• Miao, C. (2015). Individual Traits ve Entrepreneurial Intentions: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Self- Efficacy and Need for Cognition. Richmond, Virginia: Virgina Commonwealth University, PHD.
• Miller, B. K., Bell, J. D., Palmer, M. & Gonzalez, A. (2009). Predictors of entrepreneurial intentions: A quasi- experiment comparing students enrolled in introductory management and entrepreneurship classes. Journal of Business & Entrepreneurship. 21 (2), pp.39-62.
• Mueller, S. (2011). Increasing entrepreneurial intention: Effective entrepreneurship course characteristics. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. 13, pp.55-74.
• Neuman, L. W. (2007). Basic of Social Research Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 2nd Edt. Pearson Education, Inc.
• Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory, 2nd Edt. New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Oosterbeek, H., Praag, V., M. & Ijsselstein, A. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation. European Economic Review. 54, pp.442-454.
• Patır, S. & Karahan M. (2010). Girişimcilik eğitimi ve üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimcilik profillerinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir alan araştırması. İşletme ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 1 (2), pp.27-44.
• Raposo, M. & Paço, A. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: Relationship between education and entrepreneurial activity. Psicothema. 23 (3), pp.453-457.
• Segal, G., Borgia, D., & Schoenfeld, J. (2005). The motivations to become and entrepreneur. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research. 11 (1), pp.42-57.
• Shane, S., Locke, E. A. & Collins, C. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation. Human Resource Management Review. 13 (1), pp.257-279.
• Shook, C.L., Priem, R.L. & McGee, J. E. (2003). Venture creation and the enterprising individual: A review and synthesis. Journal of Management. 29 (3), pp.370-399.
• Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S. & Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing. 22 (4), pp.566-591.
• Soylu, A. & Kepenek, Y. (2008). Meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin girişimcilik düzeyleri ve aldıkları eğitimin girişimciliğe olan katkılarının belirlenmesi: PAU Honaz Meslek Yüksekokulu örneği. Kırgızistan: Uluslararası Girişimcilik Kongresi.
• Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L.S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics. 5th Edt. Boston: Pearson Education.
• Tağraf, H. & Halis, M. (2008). Üniversitelerdeki girişimcilik eğitiminin ‘girişimsel öz yetkinlik’ algısı üzerindeki etkisi: Bir araştırma. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi. 3 (2), pp.91-107.
• Uygun, M., Mete, S. & Güner, E. (2015). Genç girişimci adayların girişimcilik eğilimlerinde girişimciliğe yönelik motivasyonlarının rolü. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. 1 (4), pp.1606-1634.
• Volkmann, C. (2004). Entrepreneurship studies-An ascending academic discipline in the twenty-first century. Higher Education in Europe. 29 (2), pp.177-185.